|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PEERAGE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Last updated 11/11/2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date |
Rank |
Order |
Name |
Born |
Died |
Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EMLYN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 Oct 1827 |
V |
1 |
John Frederick Campbell,2nd Baron Cawdor |
8 Nov 1790 |
7 Nov 1860 |
69 |
|
|
|
Created Earl Viscount Emlyn and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earl Cawdor 5 Oct 1827 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
See "Cawdor" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EMMET OF AMBERLEY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 Dec 1964 |
B[L] |
1 |
Evelyn Violet Elizabeth Emmet |
18 Mar 1899 |
10 Oct 1980 |
81 |
to |
|
|
Created Baroness Emmet of Amberley |
|
|
|
10 Oct 1980 |
|
|
for life 8 Dec 1964 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MP for East Grinstead 1955-1964 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on her death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EMMOTT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 Nov 1911 |
B |
1 |
Alfred Emmott |
8 May 1858 |
13 Dec 1926 |
68 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Emmott 2 Nov 1911 |
|
|
|
13 Dec 1926 |
|
|
MP for Oldham 1899-1911. First |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commissioner of Works 1914-1915. PC 1908 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EMPEY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 Jan 2011 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Reginald Norman Morgan Empey |
26 Oct 1947 |
|
|
|
|
|
Created Baron Empey for life 15 Jan 2011 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EMSLIE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 Feb 1980 |
B[L] |
1 |
George Carlyle Emslie |
6 Dec 1919 |
21 Nov 2002 |
82 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Emslie for life 11 Feb 1980 |
|
|
|
21 Nov 2002 |
|
|
Lord Justice General of Scotland 1972-1989 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PC 1972 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ENCOMBE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 Jul 1821 |
V |
1 |
John Scott,1st Baron Eldon |
4 Jun 1751 |
13 Jan 1838 |
86 |
|
|
|
Created Viscount Encombe and Earl of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eldon 7 Jul 1821 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
See "Eldon" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ENERGLYN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 Jul 1968 |
B[L] |
1 |
William David Evans |
25 Dec 1912 |
27 Jun 1985 |
72 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Energlyn for life 10 Jul 1968 |
|
|
|
27 Jun 1985 |
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ENFIELD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 May 1695 |
B |
1 |
William Henry Nassau-de-Zulestein |
7 Oct 1649 |
Jan 1709 |
59 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Enfield and Earl of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rochford 10 May 1695 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
See "Rochford" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 Sep 1847 |
V |
1 |
John Byng,1st Baron Strafford |
1772 |
3 Jun 1860 |
87 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Strafford 12 May 1835 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
and Viscount Enfield and Earl of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Strafford 18 Sep 1847 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
See "Strafford" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ENGAINE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 Feb 1299 |
B |
1 |
John Engaine |
|
28 Sep 1323 |
|
to |
|
|
Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
|
|
|
28 Sep 1323 |
|
|
Engaine 6 Feb 1299 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25 Feb 1342 |
B |
1 |
John Engaine |
|
16 Feb 1358 |
|
|
|
|
Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Engaine 25 Feb 1342 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 Feb 1358 |
|
2 |
Thomas Engaine |
1336 |
29 Jun 1367 |
30 |
to |
|
|
On his death the peerage fell into abeyance |
|
|
|
29 Jun 1367 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ENNALS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 Sep 1983 |
B[L] |
1 |
David Hedley Ennals |
19 Aug 1922 |
17 Jun 1995 |
72 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Ennals for life 9 Sep 1983 |
|
|
|
17 Jun 1995 |
|
|
MP for Dover 1964-1970 and Norwich |
|
|
|
|
|
|
North 1974-1983. Minister of State,Health |
|
|
|
|
|
|
and Social Security 1968-1970. Minister of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
State,Foreign and Commonwealth Office |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1974-1976. Secretary of State for Social |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Services 1976-1979.
PC 1970 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ENNERDALE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 Jun 1619 |
B |
1 |
James Hamilton,2nd Marquess of Hamilton |
1589 |
2 Mar 1625 |
35 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Ennerdale and Earl of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cambridge 16 Jun 1619 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
See "Cambridge" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ENNISDALE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 Jul 1939 |
B |
1 |
Sir Henry Edward Lyons,1st baronet |
29 Aug 1877 |
17 Aug 1963 |
85 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Ennisdale 6 Jul 1939 |
|
|
|
17 Aug 1963 |
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ENNISHOWEN AND CARRICKFERGUS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 Aug 1841 |
B |
1 |
George Hamilton Chichester,later [1844] 3rd |
|
|
|
to |
|
|
Marquess of Donegall |
10 Feb 1797 |
20 Oct 1883 |
86 |
20 Oct 1883 |
|
|
Created Baron Ennishowen and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carrickfergus 18 Aug 1841 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ENNISKILLEN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 Aug 1789 |
E[I] |
1 |
William Willoughby Cole,2nd Baron |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mountflorence |
1 Mar 1736 |
22 May 1803 |
67 |
|
|
|
Created Viscount Enniskillen 20 Jul |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1776 and Earl of Enniskillen |
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 Aug 1789 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22 May 1803 |
|
2 |
John Willoughby Cole |
23 Mar 1768 |
31 Mar 1840 |
72 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Grinstead 11 Aug 1815 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MP for Fermanagh 1801-1803. KP 1810 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Fermanagh 1831-1840 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31 Mar 1840 |
|
3 |
William Willoughby Cole |
25 Jan 1807 |
12 Nov 1886 |
79 |
|
|
|
MP for Fermanagh 1831-1840 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 Nov 1886 |
|
4 |
Lowry Egerton Cole |
21 Dec 1845 |
28 Apr 1924 |
78 |
|
|
|
MP for Enniskillen 1880-1885 KP 1902 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
For information on his 3rd son,Galbraith Lowry |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Egerton Cole,see the note at the foot of this page |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 Apr 1924 |
|
5 |
John Henry Michael Cole |
10 Sep 1876 |
19 Feb 1963 |
86 |
|
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Fermanagh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19 Feb 1963 |
|
6 |
David Lowry Cole |
10 Sep 1918 |
30 May 1989 |
70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 May 1989 |
|
7 |
Andrew John Galbraith Cole |
28 Apr 1942 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ENNISMORE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31 Jul 1800 |
B[I] |
1 |
William Hare |
Sep 1751 |
13 Jul 1837 |
85 |
15 Jan 1816 |
V[I] |
1 |
Created Baron Ennismore 31 Jul 1800, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Viscount Ennismore 15 Jan 1816 and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earl of Listowel 5 Feb 1822 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
See "Listowel" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ENZIE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17 Apr 1599 |
E[S] |
1 |
George Gordon |
c 1563 |
13 Jun 1636 |
|
|
|
|
Created Lord Gordon of Badenoch, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earl of Enzie and Marquess of Huntly |
|
|
|
|
|
|
17 Apr 1599 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
See "Huntly" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 Nov 1684 |
B[S] |
1 |
George Gordon,4th Marquess of Huntly |
c 1643 |
7 Dec 1716 |
|
|
|
|
Created Lord Badenoch,Lochaber, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Strathavon,Balmore,Auchindoun, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Garthie and Kincardine,Viscount of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inverness,Earl of Huntly and Enzie, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marquess of Huntly and Duke of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gordon 3 Nov 1684 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
See "Gordon" - extinct 1836 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EPSOM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 Jul 1911 |
B |
1 |
Archibald Philip Primrose,5th Earl of Rosebery |
7 May 1847 |
21 May 1929 |
82 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Epsom,Viscount |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mentmore and Earl of Midlothian |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 Jul 1911 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The peerages remain united with the |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earldom of Rosebery (qv) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERDINGTON |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22 Jan 1336 |
B |
1 |
Henry de Erdington |
|
by 1345 |
|
to |
|
|
Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
|
|
|
by 1345 |
|
|
Erdington 22 Jan 1336 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage is presumed to have become extinct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERLEIGH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 Dec 1917 |
V |
1 |
Rufus Daniel Isaacs,1st Viscount Reading |
10 Oct 1860 |
30 Dec 1935 |
75 |
|
|
|
Created Viscount Erleigh and Earl of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reading 20 Dec 1917 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
See "Reading" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERNE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 Jul 1768 |
B[I] |
1 |
Abraham Creighton |
31 Dec 1703 |
10 Jun 1772 |
68 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Erne 15 Jul 1768 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 Jun 1772 |
|
2 |
John Creighton |
1731 |
15 Sep 1828 |
97 |
18 Aug 1789 |
E[I] |
1 |
Created Viscount Erne 6 Jan 1781 and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earl Erne 18 Aug 1789 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PC [I] 1804 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 Sep 1828 |
|
2 |
Abraham Creighton |
10 May 1765 |
10 Jun 1842 |
77 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 Jun 1842 |
|
3 |
John Crichton |
30 Jul 1802 |
3 Oct 1885 |
83 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Fermanagh of Lisnaskea |
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 Jan 1876 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Fermanagh 1840-1885 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
KP 1868 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 Oct 1885 |
|
4 |
John Henry Crichton |
16 Oct 1839 |
2 Dec 1914 |
75 |
|
|
|
MP for Enniskillen 1868-1880 and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fermanagh 1880-1885. Lord Lieutenant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fermanagh 1885-1914.
KP 1889. PC [I] 1902 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 Dec 1914 |
|
5 |
John Henry George Crichton |
22 Nov 1907 |
23 May 1940 |
32 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23 May 1940 |
|
6 |
Henry George Victor John Crichton |
9 Jul 1937 |
23 Dec 2015 |
78 |
|
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Fermanagh 1986-2012 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23 Dec 2015 |
|
7 |
John Henry Michael Ninian Crichton |
19 Jun 1971 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERNLE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 Feb 1919 |
B |
1 |
Rowland Edmund Prothero |
6 Sep 1851 |
1 Jul 1937 |
85 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Ernle 4 Feb 1919 |
|
|
|
1 Jul 1937 |
|
|
MP for Oxford University 1914-1919. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
President of the Board of Agriculture |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1916-1919. PC 1916 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERRINGTON |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 Aug 1901 |
V |
1 |
Evelyn Baring,1st Viscount Cromer |
26 Feb 1841 |
29 Jan 1917 |
75 |
|
|
|
Created Viscount Errington and Earl of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cromer 8 Aug 1901 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
See "Cromer" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERRIS OF BOYLE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29 Dec 1800 |
B[I] |
1 |
Robert Edward King |
12 Aug 1773 |
20 Nov 1854 |
81 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Erris of Boyle 29 Dec |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1800 and Viscount Lorton 28 May 1806 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
See "Lorton" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERROLL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 Jun 1452 |
E[S] |
1 |
Sir William Hay,2nd Lord Hay |
|
1462 |
|
|
|
|
Created Lord Slains and Earl of Erroll |
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 Jun 1452 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1462 |
|
2 |
Nicholas Hay |
|
1470 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1470 |
|
3 |
William Hay |
|
14 Jan 1506 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 Jan 1506 |
|
4 |
William Hay |
|
9 Sep 1513 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 Sep 1513 |
|
5 |
William Hay |
|
28 Jul 1522 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 Jul 1522 |
|
6 |
William Hay |
1521 |
11 Apr 1541 |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 Apr 1541 |
|
7 |
George Hay |
|
c 1575 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
c 1575 |
|
8 |
Andrew Hay |
|
8 Oct 1585 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 Oct 1585 |
|
9 |
Francis Hay |
30 Apr 1564 |
16 Jul 1631 |
67 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 Jul 1631 |
|
10 |
William Hay |
|
7 Dec 1636 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 Dec 1636 |
|
11 |
Gilbert Hay |
|
Apr 1674 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Apr 1674 |
|
12 |
John Hay |
c 1635 |
30 Dec 1704 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 Dec 1704 |
|
13 |
Charles Hay |
c 1680 |
16 Oct 1717 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 Oct 1717 |
|
14 |
Mary Falconer |
|
19 Aug 1758 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19 Aug 1758 |
|
15 |
James Hay |
20 Dec 1726 |
3 Jul 1778 |
51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 Jul 1778 |
|
16 |
George Hay |
13 May 1767 |
14 Jun 1798 |
31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 Jun 1798 |
|
17 |
William Hay-Carr |
12 Mar 1772 |
26 Jan 1819 |
46 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
26 Jan 1819 |
|
18 |
William George Hay |
21 Feb 1801 |
19 Apr 1846 |
45 |
|
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Aberdeen 1836-1846 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PC 1831 KT 1834 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Created Baron Kilmarnock 17 June 1831 (qv) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19 Apr 1846 |
|
19 |
William Harry Hay |
2 May 1823 |
3 Dec 1891 |
68 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 Dec 1891 |
|
20 |
Charles Gore Hay |
7 Feb 1852 |
8 Jul 1927 |
75 |
|
|
|
KT 1901 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 Jul 1927 |
|
21 |
Victor Alexander Sereld Hay |
17 Oct 1876 |
20 Feb 1928 |
51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 Feb 1928 |
|
22 |
Josslyn Victor Hay |
11 May 1901 |
24 Jan 1941 |
39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24 Jan 1941 |
|
23 |
Diana Denyse Hay |
5 Jan 1926 |
16 May 1978 |
52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 May 1978 |
|
24 |
Martin Sereld Victor Gilbert Hay [Elected |
20 Apr 1948 |
|
|
|
|
|
hereditary peer 1999-] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERROLL OF HALE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19 Dec 1964 |
B |
1 |
Frederick James Erroll |
27 May 1914 |
14 Sep 2000 |
86 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Erroll of Hale |
|
|
|
14 Sep 2000 |
|
|
19 Dec 1964 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MP for Altrincham and Sale 1945-1964. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Economic Secretary to the Treasury 1958- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1959. Minister of State,Board of Trade |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1959-1961. President of the Board of Trade |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1961-1963. Minister of Power 1963-1964 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PC 1960 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Created Baron Erroll of Kilmun for life |
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 Nov 1999 (see below) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERROLL OF KILMUN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 Nov 1999 |
B[L] |
1 |
Frederick James Erroll,1st Baron Erroll of Hale |
27 May 1914 |
14 Sep 2000 |
86 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Erroll of Kilmun for life |
|
|
|
14 Sep 2000 |
|
|
16 Nov 1999 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERSKINE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
c 1426 |
B[S] |
1 |
Sir Robert Erskine |
|
1453 |
|
|
|
|
Created Lord Erskine c 1426 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1453 |
|
2 |
Thomas Erskine |
|
c 1491 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
c 1491 |
|
3 |
Alexander Erskine |
|
c 1509 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
c 1509 |
|
4 |
Robert Erskine |
|
9 Sep 1513 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 Sep 1513 |
|
5 |
John Erskine |
|
1552 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1552 |
|
6 |
John Erskine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
He was created Earl of Mar (qv) in 1565 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
with which title this peerage then merged |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERSKINE OF ALLOA TOWER |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19 Apr 2000 |
B[L] |
1 |
James Thorne Erskine,14th Earl of Mar & Kellie |
10 Mar 1949 |
|
|
|
|
|
Created Baron Erskine of Alloa Tower for life |
|
|
|
|
|
|
19 Apr 2000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERSKINE OF RERRICK |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 Sep 1964 |
B |
1 |
Sir John Maxwell Erskine,1st baronet |
14 Dec 1893 |
14 Dec 1980 |
87 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Erskine of Rerrick |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 Sep 1964 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Governor of Northern Ireland 1964-1968 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 Dec 1980 |
|
2 |
Iain Maxwell Erskine |
22 Jan 1926 |
7 Jun 1995 |
69 |
to |
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
7 Jun 1995 |
|
|
For further information on this peer,see the |
|
|
|
|
|
|
note at the foot of this page |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ERSKINE OF RESTORMEL CASTLE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 Feb 1806 |
B |
1 |
Thomas Erskine |
10 Jan 1750 |
17 Nov 1823 |
73 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Erskine of Restormel |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Castle 10 Feb 1806 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MP for Portsmouth 1783-1784 and 1790- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1806. Lord Chancellor 1806-1807. PC 1806 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
KT 1815 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17 Nov 1823 |
|
2 |
David Montague Erskine |
1777 |
19 Mar 1855 |
77 |
|
|
|
MP for Portsmouth 1806 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19 Mar 1855 |
|
3 |
Thomas Americus Erskine |
3 May 1802 |
10 May 1877 |
75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 May 1877 |
|
4 |
John Cadwallader Erskine |
1804 |
28 Mar 1882 |
77 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 Mar 1882 |
|
5 |
William Macnaghten Erskine |
7 Jan 1841 |
8 Dec 1913 |
72 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 Dec 1913 |
|
6 |
Montagu Erskine |
13 Apr 1865 |
9 Feb 1957 |
91 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 Feb 1957 |
|
7 |
Donald Cardross Flower Erskine |
3 Jun 1899 |
26 Jul 1984 |
85 |
|
|
|
He succeeded as 16th Earl of Buchan (qv) in 1960 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
with which title this peerage then merged |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ESHER |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 Nov 1897 |
V |
1 |
Sir William Baliol Brett |
13 Aug 1815 |
24 May 1899 |
83 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Esher 24 Jul 1885 and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Viscount Esher 11 Nov 1897 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MP for Helston 1866-1868. Solicitor |
|
|
|
|
|
|
General 1868. Master of the Rolls 1883- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1897. PC 1876 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24 May 1899 |
|
2 |
Reginald Baliol Brett |
30 Jun 1852 |
22 Jan 1930 |
77 |
|
|
|
MP for Penrhyn and Falmouth 1880-1885. PC 1922 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22 Jan 1930 |
|
3 |
Oliver Sylvain Baliol Brett |
23 Mar 1881 |
8 Oct 1963 |
82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 Oct 1963 |
|
4 |
Lionel Gordon Baliol Brett |
18 Jul 1913 |
9 Jul 2004 |
90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 Jul 2004 |
|
5 |
Christopher Lionel Baliol Brett |
23 Dec 1936 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ESKDALE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 Aug 1620 |
B[S] |
1 |
Robert Maxwell |
after 1586 |
May 1646 |
|
|
|
|
Created Lord Maxwell,Eskdale and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carleill and Earl of Nithsdale |
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 Aug 1620 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
See "Nithsdale" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ESLINGTON |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 Apr 1874 |
B |
1 |
Henry Thomas Liddell |
10 Mar 1797 |
19 Mar 1878 |
81 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Eslington and Earl of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ravensworth 2 Apr 1874 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
See "Ravensworth" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ESMOND |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 May 1632 |
B[I] |
1 |
Sir Laurence Esmond |
|
26 Mar 1646 |
|
to |
|
|
Created Baron Esmond 20 May 1632 |
|
|
|
26 Mar 1646 |
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ESSENDON |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 Jun 1932 |
B |
1 |
Sir Frederick William Lewis,1st baronet |
25 May 1870 |
24 Jun 1944 |
74 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Essendon 20 Jun 1932 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24 Jun 1944 |
|
2 |
Brian Edmund Lewis |
7 Dec 1903 |
18 Jul 1978 |
74 |
to |
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
18 Jul 1978 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ESSEX |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
c 1139 |
E |
1 |
Geoffrey de Mandeville |
c 1090 |
14 Sep 1144 |
|
to |
|
|
Created Earl of Essex c 1139 |
|
|
|
1144 |
|
|
The peerage was forfeited in 1144 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
c 1155 |
|
2 |
Geoffrey de Mandeville |
by 1130 |
21 Oct 1167 |
|
|
|
|
Restored to the peerage c 1155 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21 Oct 1167 |
|
3 |
William de Mandeville |
c 1135 |
14 Nov 1189 |
|
to |
|
|
On his death the peerage probably reverted |
|
|
|
14 Nov 1189 |
|
|
to the Crown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27 May 1199 |
E |
1 |
Geoffrey Fitzpeter |
1165 |
14 Oct 1213 |
48 |
|
|
|
Created Earl of Essex 27 May 1199 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 Oct 1213 |
|
2 |
Geoffrey de Mandeville |
c 1191 |
23 Feb 1216 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23 Feb 1216 |
|
3 |
William de Mandeville |
c 1192 |
8 Jan 1227 |
|
to |
|
|
On his death the peerage probably reverted |
|
|
|
8 Jan 1227 |
|
|
to the Crown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 Apr 1228 |
E |
1 |
Humphrey de Bohun,2nd Earl of Hereford |
by 1208 |
24 Sep 1275 |
|
|
|
|
Created Earl of Essex 28 Apr 1228 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24 Sep 1275 |
|
2 |
Humphrey de Bohun,3rd Earl of Hereford |
1251 |
30 Nov 1298 |
47 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 Nov 1298 |
|
3 |
Humphrey de Bohun,4th Earl of Hereford |
by 1280 |
16 Mar 1322 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 Mar 1322 |
|
4 |
John de Bohun,5th Earl of Hereford |
c 1307 |
20 Jan 1326 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 Jan 1326 |
|
5 |
Humphrey de Bohun,6th Earl of Hereford |
c 1311 |
15 Oct 1361 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 Oct 1361 |
|
6 |
Humphrey de Bohun,7th Earl of Hereford |
1341 |
26 Jan 1373 |
31 |
to |
|
|
Peerages extinct on his death |
|
|
|
26 Jan 1373 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 Jun 1461 |
E |
1 |
Henry Bourchier,1st Viscount Bourchier |
1406 |
4 Apr 1483 |
76 |
|
|
|
Created Earl of Essex 30 Jun 1461 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lord Treasurer 1455-1456,1461-1462 and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1471. Lord Keeper 1472.
KG 1452 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 Apr 1483 |
|
2 |
Henry Bourchier |
1472 |
13 Mar 1540 |
67 |
to |
|
|
KG 1496 |
|
|
|
13 Mar 1540 |
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17 Apr 1540 |
E |
1 |
Thomas Cromwell,1st Baron Cromwell |
1485 |
28 Jul 1540 |
55 |
to |
|
|
Created Earl of Essex 17 Apr 1540 |
|
|
|
28 Jul 1540 |
|
|
He was attainted and executed in 1540 when |
|
|
|
|
|
|
the peerages were forfeited |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23 Dec 1543 |
E |
1 |
William Parr,Baron Parr |
14 Aug 1513 |
28 Oct 1571 |
58 |
to |
|
|
Created Earl of Essex 23 Dec 1543 |
|
|
|
Aug 1553 |
|
|
He was later created Marquess of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Northampton (qv) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
He was attainted in 1553 when the peerages |
|
|
|
|
|
|
were forfeited |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 May 1572 |
E |
1 |
Walter Devereux,2nd Viscount Hereford |
16 Sep 1541 |
22 Sep 1576 |
35 |
|
|
|
Created Earl of Essex 4 May 1572 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Stafford 1569 KG 1572 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22 Sep 1576 |
|
2 |
Robert Devereux |
10 Nov 1567 |
25 Feb 1601 |
33 |
to |
|
|
Lord President of the Council 1593. Lord |
|
|
|
25 Feb 1601 |
|
|
Lieutenant of Ireland 1599. KG 1588 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
He was executed for high treason and the |
|
|
|
|
|
|
peerage forfeited |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 Apr 1604 |
|
3 |
Robert Devereux |
22 Jan 1591 |
14 Sep 1646 |
55 |
to |
|
|
Restored to the title 1604 |
|
|
|
14 Sep 1646 |
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Stafford 1612 and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yorkshire 1641-1642 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
For information on his wife and her involvement in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury,see the note |
|
|
|
|
|
|
at the foot of this page |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 Apr 1661 |
E |
1 |
Arthur Capell,2nd Baron Capell of Hadham |
28 Jan 1632 |
13 Jul 1683 |
51 |
|
|
|
Created Viscount Malden and Earl of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Essex 20 Apr 1661 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Hertford 1660-1681 and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wiltshire 1668-1672. Lord Lieutenant of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ireland 1672-1677. First Lord of the |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Admiralty 1679 PC
1679 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 Jul 1683 |
|
2 |
Algernon Capell |
28 Dec 1670 |
10 Jan 1710 |
39 |
|
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Hertford 1692-1710. PC 1708 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 Jan 1710 |
|
3 |
William Capell |
11 Jan 1697 |
8 Jan 1743 |
45 |
|
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Hertford 1722-1743. KT 1725 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PC 1735 KG 1738 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 Jan 1743 |
|
4 |
William Ann Holles Capell |
7 Oct 1732 |
5 Mar 1799 |
66 |
|
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Hertford 1764-1771 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 Mar 1799 |
|
5 |
George Capell-Coningsby |
13 Nov 1757 |
23 Apr 1839 |
81 |
|
|
|
MP for Westminster 1779-1780, Lostwithiel |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1781-1784, Okehampton 1784-1790 and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Radnor 1794-1799. Lord Lieutenant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hereford 1802-1817 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23 Apr 1839 |
|
6 |
Arthur Algernon Capell |
28 Jan 1803 |
11 Sep 1892 |
89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 Sep 1892 |
|
7 |
George Devereux de Vere Capell |
24 Oct 1857 |
25 Sep 1916 |
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25 Sep 1916 |
|
8 |
Algernon George de Vere Capell |
21 Feb 1884 |
8 Dec 1966 |
82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 Dec 1966 |
|
9 |
Reginald George de Vere Capell |
9 Oct 1906 |
18 May 1981 |
74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 May 1981 |
|
10 |
Robert Edward de Vere Capell |
13 Jan 1920 |
5 Jun 2005 |
85 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 Jun 2005 |
|
11 |
Frederick Paul de Vere Capell |
29 May 1944 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ESTCOURT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 Aug 1903 |
B |
1 |
George Thomas John Sotheron-Estcourt |
21 Jan 1839 |
12 Jan 1915 |
75 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Estcourt 3 Aug 1903 |
|
|
|
12 Jan 1915 |
|
|
MP for Wiltshire North 1874-1885 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ETHERTON |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23 Dec 2020 |
B[L] |
1 |
Terence Michael Elkan Barnet Etherton |
21 June 1951 |
|
|
|
|
|
Created Baron Etherton for life |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ETHIE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 Nov 1647 |
E[S] |
1 |
John Carnegie,1st Lord Lour |
c 1580 |
19 Jan 1667 |
|
|
|
|
Created Lord Lour and Egglismadie |
|
|
|
|
|
|
and Earl of Ethie 1 Nov 1647 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
He exchanged these titles for those of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earl of Northesk and Lord Rosehill in 1662 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ETTRICK |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 Jul 1872 |
B |
1 |
Francis Napier,10th Lord Napier of Merchistoun |
15 Sep 1819 |
19 Dec 1898 |
79 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Ettrick [UK] 16 Jul 1872 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
See "Napier" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EURE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24 Feb 1544 |
B |
1 |
Sir William Eure |
c 1483 |
15 Mar 1548 |
|
|
|
|
Created Baron Eure 24 Feb 1544 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 Mar 1548 |
|
2 |
William Eure |
10 May 1530 |
12 Feb 1594 |
63 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 Feb 1594 |
|
3 |
Ralph Eure |
24 Sep 1558 |
1 Apr 1617 |
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 Apr 1617 |
|
4 |
William Eure |
c 1587 |
28 Jun 1646 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 Jun 1646 |
|
5 |
William Eure |
|
25 Jun 1652 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25 Jun 1652 |
|
6 |
George Eure |
|
24 Oct 1672 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24 Oct 1672 |
|
7 |
Ralph Eure |
|
27 Apr 1707 |
|
to |
|
|
On his death the peerage is presumed to |
|
|
|
27 Apr 1707 |
|
|
have become extinct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
For information on a claim for this title made |
|
|
|
|
|
|
in 1977, see the note at the foot of this page |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EUSTON |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 Aug 1672 |
E |
1 |
Henry Fitzroy |
2 Sep 1663 |
9 Oct 1690 |
27 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Sudbury,Viscount |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ipswich,Earl of Euston 16 Aug 1672 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
and Duke of Grafton 11 Sep 1675 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
See "Grafton" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EVANS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 Jul 1957 |
B |
1 |
Sir Horace Evans |
1 Jan 1903 |
26 Oct 1963 |
60 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Evans 1 Jul 1957 |
|
|
|
26 Oct 1963 |
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EVANS OF BOWES PARK |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 Sep 2014 |
B[L] |
1 |
Natalie Jessica Evans |
23 Nov 1975 |
|
|
|
|
|
Created Baroness Evans of Bowes Park for life |
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 Sep 2014 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PC 2016 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EVANS OF CLAUGHTON |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24 Apr 1978 |
B[L] |
1 |
David Thomas Gruffydd Evans |
9 Feb 1928 |
22 Mar 1992 |
64 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Evans of Claughton for life |
|
|
|
22 Mar 1992 |
|
|
24 Apr 1978 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EVANS OF HUNGERSHALL |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25 Aug 1967 |
B[L] |
1 |
Benjamin Ifor Evans |
19 Aug 1899 |
28 Aug 1982 |
83 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Evans of Hungershall for life |
|
|
|
28 Aug 1982 |
|
|
25 Aug 1967 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EVANS OF PARKSIDE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 Jun 1997 |
B[L] |
1 |
John Evans |
19 Oct 1930 |
5 Mar 2016 |
85 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Evans of Parkside for life |
|
|
|
5 Mar 2016 |
|
|
10 Jun 1997 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MP for Newton 1974-1983 and St.Helens |
|
|
|
|
|
|
North 1983-1997. MEP 1975-1978 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EVANS OF RAINOW |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 Nov 2022 |
B[L] |
1 |
Graham Thomas Evans |
10 Nov 1963 |
|
|
|
|
|
Created Baron Evans of Rainow for life |
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 Nov 2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EVANS OF TEMPLE GUITING |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 May 2000 |
B[L] |
1 |
Matthew Evans |
7 Aug 1941 |
6 Jul 2016 |
74 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Evans of Temple Guiting |
|
|
|
6 Jul 2016 |
|
|
for life 11 May 2000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EVANS OF WATFORD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 Jul 1998 |
B[L] |
1 |
David Charles Evans |
30 Nov 1942 |
|
|
|
|
|
Created Baron Evans of Watford for life |
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 Jul 1998 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EVANS OF WEARDALE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 Dec 2014 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Jonathan Douglas Evans |
17 Feb 1958 |
|
|
|
|
|
Created Baron Evans of Weardale for life |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 Dec 2014 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EVERINGHAM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 Mar 1309 |
B |
1 |
Sir Adam Everingham |
29 Aug 1279 |
8 May 1341 |
61 |
|
|
|
Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Everingham 4 Mar 1309 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 May 1341 |
|
2 |
Adam Everingham |
c 1307 |
8 Feb 1371 |
|
to |
|
|
On his death the peerage fell into abeyance |
|
|
|
8 Feb 1371 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EVERSHED |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 Jan 1956 |
B |
1 |
Sir Francis Raymond Evershed |
8 Aug 1899 |
3 Oct 1966 |
67 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Evershed 20 Jan 1956 |
|
|
|
3 Oct 1966 |
|
|
Master of the Rolls 1949-1962. Lord of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Appeal in Ordinary 1962-1965. PC 1947 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EVERSLEY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 Apr 1857 |
V |
1 |
Charles Shaw-Lefevre |
22 Feb 1794 |
28 Dec 1888 |
94 |
to |
|
|
Created Viscount Eversley 11 Apr 1857 |
|
|
|
28 Dec 1888 |
|
|
MP for Downton 1830-1831, Hampshire 1831- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1832 and Hampshire North 1832-1857. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Speaker of the House of Commons 1839- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1857. PC 1839 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 Jul 1906 |
B |
1 |
George John Shaw-Lefevre |
12 Jun 1831 |
19 Apr 1928 |
96 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Eversley 16 Jul 1906 |
|
|
|
19 Apr 1928 |
|
|
MP for Reading 1863-1885 and Bradford |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Central 1886-1895. First Commissioner of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Works 1880-1884 and 1892-1893. Postmaster |
|
|
|
|
|
|
General 1882 and 1884-1885. President of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
the Local Government Board 1894-1895 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PC 1880 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EWART-BIGGS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22 May 1981 |
B[L] |
1 |
Felicity Jane Ewart-Biggs |
22 Aug 1929 |
8 Oct 1992 |
63 |
to |
|
|
Created Baroness Ewart-Biggs for life |
|
|
|
8 Oct 1992 |
|
|
22 May 1981 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on her death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EWING OF KIRKFORD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17 Jul 1992 |
B[L] |
1 |
Harry Ewing |
20 Jan 1931 |
9 Jun 2007 |
76 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Ewing of Kirkford for life |
|
|
|
9 Jun 2007 |
|
|
17 Jul 1992 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MP for Stirling & Falkirk 1971-1974, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stirling,Falkirk and Grangemouth 1974-1983 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
and Falkirk East 1983-1992 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXETER |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29 Sep 1397 |
D |
1 |
John Holand |
c 1355 |
15 Jan 1400 |
|
to |
|
|
Created Earl of Huntingdon 2 Jun |
|
|
|
15 Jan 1400 |
|
|
1387 and Duke of Exeter 29 Sep 1397 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
KG 1381 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
He was degraded from the peerages 1399 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 Nov 1416 |
D[L] |
1 |
Thomas Beaufort,1st Earl of Dorset |
c 1377 |
30 Dec 1426 |
|
to |
|
|
Created Duke of Exeter for life 18 Nov 1416 |
|
|
|
30 Dec 1426 |
|
|
KG 1400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 Jan 1443 |
D |
1 |
John Holand,2nd Earl of Huntingdon |
1394 |
5 Aug 1447 |
53 |
|
|
|
Created Duke of Exeter 6 Jan 1443 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
KG c 1416 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 Aug 1447 |
|
2 |
Henry Holand |
27 Jun 1430 |
Sep 1475 |
45 |
to |
|
|
He was attainted and the peerage forfeited |
|
|
|
4 Nov 1461 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 Jun 1525 |
M |
1 |
Henry Courtenay,2nd Earl of Devon |
c 1498 |
9 Jan 1539 |
|
to |
|
|
Created Marquess of Exeter |
|
|
|
9 Jan 1539 |
|
|
18 Jun 1525 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
He was attainted and the peerage forfeited |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 May 1605 |
E |
1 |
Thomas Cecil,2nd Baron Burghley |
5 May 1542 |
8 Feb 1623 |
80 |
|
|
|
Created Earl of Exeter 4 May 1605 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MP for Stamford 1562-1581, Lincolnshire |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1585-1587 and Northamptonshire 1592-1593 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Yorkshire 1599-1603 and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Northamptonshire 1603.
KG 1601 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 Feb 1623 |
|
2 |
William Cecil |
Jan 1566 |
6 Jul 1640 |
74 |
|
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Northamptonshire 1623 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
KG 1630 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 Jul 1640 |
|
3 |
David Cecil |
c 1604 |
18 Apr 1643 |
|
|
|
|
MP for Peterborough 1640 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 Apr 1643 |
|
4 |
John Cecil |
1628 |
18 Mar 1678 |
49 |
|
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Northampton 1660-1678 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 Mar 1678 |
|
5 |
John Cecil |
c 1648 |
29 Aug 1700 |
|
|
|
|
MP for Northamptonshire 1675-1678 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29 Aug 1700 |
|
6 |
John Cecil |
15 May 1674 |
24 Dec 1721 |
47 |
|
|
|
MP for Rutland 1695-1700. Lord Lieutenant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rutland 1712-1715 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24 Dec 1721 |
|
7 |
John Cecil |
c 1700 |
9 Apr 1722 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 Apr 1722 |
|
8 |
Brownlow Cecil |
4 Aug 1701 |
3 Nov 1754 |
53 |
|
|
|
MP for Stamford 1722 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 Nov 1754 |
|
9 |
Brownlow Cecil |
21 Sep 1725 |
26 Dec 1793 |
68 |
|
|
|
MP for Rutland 1747-1754. Lord Lieutenant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rutland 1751-1779 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
26 Dec 1793 |
|
10 |
Henry Cecil |
14 Mar 1754 |
1 May 1804 |
50 |
4 Feb 1801 |
|
1 |
Created Marquess of Exeter 4 Feb 1801 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MP for Stamford 1774-1790 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
For further information on this peer's second wife, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
see the note at the foot of this page. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 May 1804 |
|
2 |
Brownlow Cecil |
2 Jul 1795 |
16 Jan 1867 |
71 |
|
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Rutland 1826-1867 and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Northampton 1842-1867.
KG 1827 PC 1841 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 Jan 1867 |
|
3 |
William Alleyne Cecil |
30 Apr 1825 |
14 Jul 1895 |
70 |
|
|
|
MP for Lincolnshire South 1847-1857 and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Northamptonshire North 1857-1867. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PC 1866 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 Jul 1895 |
|
4 |
Brownlow Henry George Cecil |
20 Dec 1849 |
9 Apr 1898 |
48 |
|
|
|
MP for Northamptonshire North 1877-1895 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
PC 1891 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 Apr 1898 |
|
5 |
William Thomas Brownlow Cecil |
27 Oct 1876 |
6 Aug 1956 |
79 |
|
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Northampton 1922-1952 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
KG 1937 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 Aug 1956 |
|
6 |
Sir David George Brownlow Cecil |
9 Feb 1905 |
21 Oct 1981 |
76 |
|
|
|
MP for Peterborough 1931-1943. Governor |
|
|
|
|
|
|
of Bermuda 1943-1945 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21 Oct 1981 |
|
7 |
William Martin Alleyne Cecil |
27 Apr 1909 |
12 Jan 1988 |
78 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 Jan 1988 |
|
8 |
William Michael Anthony Cecil |
1 Sep 1935 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EXMOUTH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 Dec 1816 |
V |
1 |
Sir Edward Pellew,1st baronet |
19 Apr 1757 |
23 Jan 1833 |
75 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Exmouth 1 Jun 1814 and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Viscount Exmouth 10 Dec 1816 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MP for Barnstaple 1802-1804 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
For further information on this peer,see the |
|
|
|
|
|
|
note at the foot of this page |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23 Jan 1833 |
|
2 |
Pownoll Bastard Pellew |
1 Jul 1786 |
3 Dec 1833 |
47 |
|
|
|
MP for Launceston 1812-1830 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 Dec 1833 |
|
3 |
Edward Pellew |
14 Feb 1811 |
11 Feb 1876 |
64 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 Feb 1876 |
|
4 |
Edward Fleetwood John Pellew |
24 Jun 1861 |
31 Oct 1899 |
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31 Oct 1899 |
|
5 |
Edward Addington Hargreaves Pellew |
12 Nov 1890 |
16 Aug 1922 |
31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 Aug 1922 |
|
6 |
Henry Edward Pellew |
26 Apr 1828 |
4 Feb 1923 |
94 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 Feb 1923 |
|
7 |
Charles Ernest Pellew |
11 Mar 1863 |
7 Jun 1945 |
82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 Jun 1945 |
|
8 |
Edward Irving Pownoll Pellew |
2 May 1868 |
19 Aug 1951 |
83 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19 Aug 1951 |
|
9 |
Pownoll Irving Edward Pellew |
28 May 1908 |
2 Dec 1970 |
62 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 Dec 1970 |
|
10 |
Paul Edward Pellew |
8 Oct 1940 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EYRE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 Jul 1768 |
B[I] |
1 |
John Eyre |
1720 |
30 Sep 1781 |
61 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Eyre 16 Jul 1768 |
|
|
|
30 Sep 1781 |
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
For further information on this peer, see the note |
|
|
|
|
|
|
at the foot of this page |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EYTHIN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 Mar 1642 |
B[S] |
1 |
Sir James King |
1589 |
9 Jun 1652 |
62 |
to |
|
|
Created Lord Eythin 28 Mar 1642 |
|
|
|
9 Jun 1652 |
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EZRA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 Feb 1983 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Derek Ezra |
23 Feb 1919 |
22 Dec 2015 |
96 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Ezra for life 2 Feb 1983 |
|
|
|
22 Dec 2015 |
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Galbraith Lowry Egerton Cole (8 March 1881-6
October 1929), 3rd son of the |
|
|
|
|
4th Earl of Enniskillen (and father of the 6th
Earl) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Having joined the 10th Royal Hussars as a
lieutenant in 1900, Cole went with his regiment to |
|
|
|
South Africa to fight in the Second Boer War.
After being injured during the fighting, he made |
|
|
|
his way to the British East Africa Protectorate
[now Kenya], where he took up farming. In 1911 |
|
|
|
he was charged with the killing of a native,
whom Cole suspected had stolen one of his sheep. |
|
|
|
The following article appeared in the
"West Gippsland Gazette" on 3 October 1911:- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'The charge against the Hon. Galbraith Lowry
Cole, son of the Earl of Enniskillen, of killing a native |
|
|
|
in East Africa, of which he was found not
guilty, was referred to in the House of Commons on |
|
|
|
Wednesday [9 August 1911] when Mr. [Thomas]
Edmund Harvey [member for Leeds West] asked |
|
|
|
the Colonial Secretary:- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"Whether his attention had been called to
the trial at the Nakuru High Court Sessions of the Hon. |
|
|
|
Galbraith Cole for shooting and killing a
native suspected of sheep stealing, and whether he would |
|
|
|
publish as a White Paper the observations and
report of the Judge and the report of the governor |
|
|
|
on the trial." |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Mr. [Lewis] Harcourt [Secretary of State for
the Colonies] replied "Yes, sir. The Governor of the |
|
|
|
East Africa Protectorate is sending a full
report on the matter, and pending the receipt of his |
|
|
|
despatch I think it would be premature to make
any statement." |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'According to evidence brought out at the
hearing before the Nakuru High Court, May 31, Mr. |
|
|
|
Cole had been losing a number of sheep through
native thieves. On the night of April 9 [1911] a |
|
|
|
sheep was stolen. On the morning of the 11th he
and his manager, Mr. Wright, and several boys |
|
|
|
set out to follow a clue, which led them to a
hut in the bush three miles away. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'There they found three natives picking wool
from a sheepskin. Two of the natives jumped up and |
|
|
|
ran into the forest. Mr. Cole fired at one and
missed him, but hit him with the second shot. The |
|
|
|
second native escaped, but a third was caught
by the boys in the hut. Mr. Cole ordered them to |
|
|
|
release the third native, and told him to look
after the wounded man, whose name was Sionga. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Inside the hut were found sheepskins and a
quantity of wool. There were evidences of mutton |
|
|
|
having been cooked. Neither he nor his manager
saw any honey or honey boxes. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'The two natives declared that they cooked no
mutton and that they had seen no mutton fat. |
|
|
|
They admitted there was a quantity of wool in
the hut, but insisted they had been collecting |
|
|
|
honey. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Mr. P.C. Hudson, stationed at Nakaru, stated
that he had found mutton fat at the camp, and |
|
|
|
also two places where sheep had been killed. He
said that Mr. Cole had given him every assist- |
|
|
|
ance in his watch. Dr. Bodecker, the
protectorate medical officer, stated that he had found |
|
|
|
bits of sheepskin in the hut. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'After a few minutes deliberation the [white]
jury returned a verdict of not guilty and judgment |
|
|
|
was entered accordingly.' |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notwithstanding his acquittal, Cole was
deported from the colony a few months later. The |
|
|
|
|
deportation order read as follows:- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"Whereas it has been shown to me, Sir
Percy Cranwill Girouard, Governor of the East African |
|
|
|
Protectorate, by evidence upon oath that the
Hon. Galbraith Lowry Egerton Cole is conducting |
|
|
|
himself so as to be dangerous to peace and good
order in East Africa, now therefore I, Sir |
|
|
|
|
Edward Percy Cranwill Girouard, Governor of the
East African Protectorate, under the authority |
|
|
|
vested in me by Section 25 of the East African
Order in Council, 1902, do hereby order that you, |
|
|
|
the said Galbraith Lowry Egerton Cole, be
deported from the Protectorate to the United Kingdom. |
|
|
|
Given under my hand and official seal this 5th
day of September 1911. (signed) E.P.C. Girouard." |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At some point after his deportation Cole was
permitted to return to Kenya, where he died "of a |
|
|
|
fever" according to newspaper reports,
although other sources say that he shot himself. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Iain Maxwell Erskine, 2nd and last Baron
Erskine of Rerrick |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
After his death from prostate cancer, the 2nd
Baron Erskine of Rerrick was the subject of one of |
|
|
|
the more interesting obituaries to have been
published in "The Times" (on 10 June 1995):- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Little can be asserted with any great
confidence about the life of the 2nd Lord Erskine of |
|
|
|
|
Rerrick. To take him at (his own) face value as
"professional photographer, management |
|
|
|
|
consultant and director of companies"
would involve being at odds with the known career of a |
|
|
|
man whose photographic oeuvre is, to say the least, less than widely-known and
whose |
|
|
|
|
consultancies and directorships were held
against a background of debt, bankruptcy and other |
|
|
|
tangible evidences of indigence. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'His "admitted links" to British
intelligence inhabited a similar factual penumbra. To be sure, his |
|
|
|
name was often cropping up in circumstances
suggesting profound and subtle depths of inter- |
|
|
|
national espionage: Greville Wynne, Adil Nasir
and Saddam Hussein were figures with whose |
|
|
|
affairs his name was linked in press stories
from time to time. But when pushed, neither |
|
|
|
|
government spokesmen or leaders of the
intelligence community ever seemed anxious to |
|
|
|
|
acknowledge their alleged servant. [Greville
Wynne was a British spy arrested by the Russians |
|
|
|
in 1963 and later released in exchange for the
Russian spy Gordon Lonsdale. Adil Nasir is a |
|
|
|
|
Turkish Cypriot, who was chief executive of
Polly Peck, a textile company which collapsed in |
|
|
|
1990 with debts of £1.3 billion. Nasir later
fled to Cyprus, but returned to the UK in 2010 where |
|
|
|
he was subsequently sentenced to 10 years'
imprisonment.] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'What can be stated with certainty is that Iain
Maxwell Erskine was born the son of John |
|
|
|
|
Maxwell Erskine, who was to be created 1st Lord
Erskine of Rerrick in 1964 after a distinguished |
|
|
|
career with the Commercial Bank of Scotland.
Erskine senior was subsequently Governor of |
|
|
|
|
Northern Ireland, 1964-68. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Iain Erskine was educated at Harrow. In 1944
he was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards |
|
|
|
with whom he was to serve for the remainder of
the war and thereafter in peacetime until 1963, |
|
|
|
retiring as a major. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'In that time his posts included that of
Comptroller to the Governor-General of New Zealand, |
|
|
|
1960-1962. Immediately after his retirement he
took up the newly-created post of public |
|
|
|
|
relations officer to the Household Brigade and
when this appointment ended in 1965 went into |
|
|
|
public relations with the firm of CS Services. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Thereafter, in the plethora of jobs which made
up his CV, it was never possible quite to pinpoint |
|
|
|
where the thrust of his activities was. He was
apparently involved in setting up the Advertising |
|
|
|
Standards Authority in 1965 and later emerged
in such varied posts as Managing Director of |
|
|
|
Lonrho Iran, 1972-73; chairman of Erskine
Associates 1979-82; and chairman of DK Financial |
|
|
|
Services (Dai-Ichi Kangyo), 1988-89. He
succeeded his father as Lord Erskine of Rerrick in 1980, |
|
|
|
though in the next 15 years he never took his
seat in the House of Lords. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Indeed, the 2nd Lord Erskine of Rerrick's life
took on an increasingly itinerant quality. His habitual |
|
|
|
state was penury, though the casual observer,
seeing his chalk stripe suits and otherwise |
|
|
|
|
immaculate turnout, would never have guessed
this. Before the Gulf War he had apparently been |
|
|
|
used as an unofficial Foreign Office emissary
to Saddam Hussein, with a view to extracting from |
|
|
|
the Iraqi dictator important details of the
supergun. In 1993 after Asil Nadir fled from Britain to |
|
|
|
Cyprus, Erskine's name cropped up in connection
with an alleged MI6 "dirty tricks" campaign |
|
|
|
against the Polly Peck tycoon. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Erskine was by that time living in Cyprus
himself. He had moved there, having been made |
|
|
|
|
bankrupt two years earlier after refusing to
pay a £28,000 overdraft to the Royal Bank of |
|
|
|
|
Scotland. He always claimed the Bank (of which
the Commercial Bank of Scotland, run by his |
|
|
|
father, had some years before become a part)
was holding secret trusts worth half a million |
|
|
|
pounds which his father had established in his
favour. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'He subsequently altered his will to specify
that although his body was to be left for medical |
|
|
|
scientific purposes: "to the Royal Bank of
Scotland I leave my balls, as they appear to have none |
|
|
|
of their own." |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'In Cyprus he became further insolvent, running
up a £2,000 overdraft and deciding to return to |
|
|
|
Britain after bailiffs closed in on his
possessions in the island. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'A proposed new career as a photographer never
amounted to much, but Erskine had sat on the |
|
|
|
]committees of a number of institutions,
notably the De Havilland Aircraft Museum. He was also a |
|
|
|
trustee of the RAF Museum (Bomber Command) and
of the David Tolkein Trust, Stoke Mandeville |
|
|
|
Hospital. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'He was three times married, to Marie Elisabeth
Allen in 1955 (dissolved 1964); to Maria Josephine |
|
|
|
Klupt, in 1974 (dissolved 1989); and, in 1993,
to Debra, daughter of Gordon Knight. She survives |
|
|
|
him with the three daughters of the second
marriage. There is no heir to the title.' |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Frances Howard, Countess of Essex (1604-1613)
and later Countess of Somerset |
|
|
|
|
(1613-1632) (31 May 1590-23 August 1632) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following biography of Frances Howard and
her role in the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury |
|
|
|
appeared in the October 1956 issue of the
Australian monthly magazine "Parade":- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'The woman whose existence is bounded by an
overwhelming, unreasoning, ruthless love, crops |
|
|
|
up time and again in history, trailing clouds
of a half-poisonous enchantment, drawing a |
|
|
|
|
reluctant sympathy as well as horror from
ordinary mortals. Such a one was Frances Howard, |
|
|
|
Countess of Essex, a Messalina by temperament
if not in enterprise, who so madly loved a king's |
|
|
|
favourite in the early 17th century that she
killed another to possess him. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'The years of this extraordinary woman's life
from the age of 16 to 20 compose a blood-curdling |
|
|
|
story of passion, occultism, conspiracy and
intrigue. Having failed to murder her first husband, |
|
|
|
the Earl of Essex, she divorced him by
treachery, then went on to murder Sir Thomas Overbury, |
|
|
|
the best friend of her lover, Robert Carr. Her
life was virtually over at 25, when, after two years |
|
|
|
of marriage to Carr, she was found guilty of
murder. Her remaining 17 years were spent in prison |
|
|
|
and banishment with her love for Carr, and his
for her, turned to such bitter black hatred that |
|
|
|
they loathed the sight of each other, and
though condemned to share the same roof, lived as |
|
|
|
strangers. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'The personal accomplishments of Robert Carr
which caused Frances Howard to abandon all |
|
|
|
restraints of decency or shame were those that
endeared him to dour King James I, who elevated |
|
|
|
him in less than 10 years from an obscure
position in the English court as the upstart son of a |
|
|
|
Scots knight to virtual dictatorship of
England. He was a long, blond, lissom young man with all |
|
|
|
the social graces, all the attributes to turn a
woman's head - and no brains at all. Not a little of |
|
|
|
his success was due to his friend, the
brilliant lawyer, poet and essayist, Thomas Overbury. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Far from being the innocent peaches-and-cream
beauty she seemed, Frances was selfish and |
|
|
|
unbalanced, and almost from childhood had
traffic with the charlatans who in her day and age |
|
|
|
combined the trades of panderer, poisoner and
astrologer. Frances' poisoning of Overbury seems |
|
|
|
a futile act. But possibly his knowledge of her
attempts to kill her husband, the young Earl of |
|
|
|
Essex, or the fear that he would be a hostile
witness in the divorce suit she was bringing when |
|
|
|
the poison failed, drove her to this otherwise
stupid murder, which was to drag her and Carr into |
|
|
|
lifelong misery. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Overbury did not know the whole truth before
he died in agony in The Tower, but he knew that |
|
|
|
Carr was a false friend. His bitter dying
prophecy of retribution came true and was carried into |
|
|
|
succeeding generations of the offspring of the
guilty couple. The daughter of Carr and Frances |
|
|
|
[Lady Anne Carr 1615-1684] was brought up in
ignorance of her parents' crime, and at 21 |
|
|
|
|
married the Earl of Bedford, who knew of the
tragedy but shielded her from knowledge of it. |
|
|
|
Not long after her own son [William, Lord
Russell] died on the scaffold [21 July 1683] she |
|
|
|
|
discovered a time-worn account of the trial of
her parents. The reading of it broke her heart. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Frances Howard belonged to the powerful Howard
family, being the daughter of the Earl and |
|
|
|
Countess of Suffolk. In 1606 when Frances was
16 her mother married her off to Robert |
|
|
|
|
Devereux, 15-years-old third Earl of Essex, son
of Queen Elizabeth's favourite. The marriage |
|
|
|
was a business bargain, designed to set the
seal on property. Bride and groom parted |
|
|
|
|
immediately afterwards, the groom to travel
abroad to complete his education. Frances of the |
|
|
|
long-lashed dark eyes and red-gold hair stayed
at Court completing hers, under the guidance of |
|
|
|
thoroughly immoral mother. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
She blossomed early into maturity, and rumour
had it that her first lover was James I's elder son, |
|
|
|
Henry, Prince of Wales. A year or so later she
fell in love with Robert Carr. He had been a page |
|
|
|
boy in the service of the Earl of Dunbar in
Edinburgh when Thomas Overbury, then a law student |
|
|
|
of London's Middle Temple on a visit to
Scotland, persuaded him to return with him to London. His |
|
|
|
good looks and charming manner were brought
under the notice of the King at a tilting match |
|
|
|
when a spill from his horse tumbled him at the
King's feet with a broken limb. James immediately |
|
|
|
made the boy his protégé, gave him lessons in
Latin - to the court's derisive amusement - and |
|
|
|
undertook the advancement of his fortunes. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'He was about 21 and well on the way up as King
James' "Sweet Robin," when his intrigue with |
|
|
|
Frances Howard, Countess of Essex, began. Carr
and his lady began to meet secretly at secluded |
|
|
|
lodgings in London while Overbury lent his
talents to writing Carr's love letters for him. By the |
|
|
|
time Essex returned to claim his bride after an
absence of four years, she and Carr were irretriev- |
|
|
|
ably in love. At first, however, Carr resigned
the lady to her husband, but Essex had inherited |
|
|
|
none of the lively qualities of his father,
Queen Elizabeth's courtier. He was a solid, serious, |
|
|
|
virtuous young man, and while Frances had never
liked him, she now began to loathe him. At her |
|
|
|
mother's insistence, she went to live with him
in the country, but only to receive his endeavours |
|
|
|
to please with reproaches of "cow,"
"beast" and "coward." |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Secretly, through the assistance of a
notorious charlatan, Mrs. [Anne] Turner [1576-1615], she |
|
|
|
she began a double scheme for winning back her
lover, Carr, and getting rid of her husband, |
|
|
|
Essex. She won her lover back by a combination
of natural means and the introduction of some |
|
|
|
"magic" nutmeg as a love potion into
his wine. But in spite of repeated doses of poisoned |
|
|
|
|
powders and the burning of images and
incantations, her spouse refused to be spirited out of |
|
|
|
the world. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Overbury had continued to aid the liaison, but
it had never occurred to him that Carr, now |
|
|
|
elevated to the title of Viscount Rochester,
could be serious about Frances Howard, whom |
|
|
|
|
Overbury had never liked and who had always
disliked and resented him. When Carr told him he |
|
|
|
was considering engineering a divorce for
Frances so that he might marry her, Overbury was |
|
|
|
dumbfounded. He feared it would not only bar
their friendship but, in view of James' strict views |
|
|
|
on women and matrimony, mean the loss of James'
favour for them both. The two friends |
|
|
|
|
quarrelled. Overbury, always insolent, now grew
overbearing. He insulted Frances, sneering to |
|
|
|
Carr that if "that filthy woman....went on
in that business he should do well to look to his |
|
|
|
|
standing." To which Carr arrogantly
replied that his "legs were strong enough to bear him up |
|
|
|
and that he should make him repent those
speeches." |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'The next string of events bears the hallmark
of Frances' intriguing. Carr patched up his quarrel |
|
|
|
with Overbury, then, unknown to the unfortunate
friend, engineered his commitment to the |
|
|
|
Tower on a trumpedup charge of disrespect to
the King. With Overbury out of the way, Frances |
|
|
|
instituted divorce proceedings to rid herself
of her husband Essex, on the score of his non- |
|
|
|
consummation of their marriage. A special
committee of doctors and divines was appointed to |
|
|
|
was appointed to adjudicate in the disgraceful
proceedings. But still full of malice for the |
|
|
|
|
defeated Overbury kept in ignorance of these
proceedings in the Tower, Frances set about |
|
|
|
encompassing his death. The conscienceless Carr
was her ally. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Pretending to be Overbury's good friend
working to secure his release from confinement, he |
|
|
|
sent him a powder which he said would make him
sick and that the sickness would be made a |
|
|
|
pretext for his release. Physicians sent him by
Carr, however, then put Overbury on a diet of |
|
|
|
specially planned food, and Frances kindly took
over the feeding of the invalid. Cook was Mrs. |
|
|
|
Mrs. Turner, and the inspiration for the
seasoning a quack named Dr. Thomas Franklin. The |
|
|
|
|
white salt used was arsenic; cantharides took
the place of pepper, and the pork was spiced |
|
|
|
with a variety of poisons. A gaoler named
Weston was employed to serve the poisoned food to |
|
|
|
the prisoner. The doses, however, were too
small and Overbury's powerful constitution stood up |
|
|
|
remarkably to seven different kinds of poison
constantly administered. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'At the end of two months of this treatment, by
June, 1613, he was merely weak and ailing. |
|
|
|
Moreover, he was now bitterly hostile to Carr,
who he at last realised was playing him false |
|
|
|
as regards his promises of release. He became
threatening, reminding Carr that it was to him he |
|
|
|
owed both his fortune and reputation, while
Carr had shown him no more human affection than |
|
|
|
"a colt in the park." "So then
if you will deal thus wickedly with me I have provided that whether |
|
|
|
I die or live your name shall never die nor you
cease to be the most odious man alive," Overbury |
|
|
|
wrote. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'On September 14, 1613, an apothecary's
apprentice visited the sick prisoner and delivered the |
|
|
|
coup de grace - an enema of some corrosive
sublimate so violent that it even blistered the skin. |
|
|
|
Overbury died the same day in agony. Three days
later Frances got her divorce. It had been a |
|
|
|
long and sordid business. Essex admitted he had
not been able to consummate their marriage, |
|
|
|
but claimed he was quite normal in his physical
relations with other women. The Commissioners |
|
|
|
disagreed and it was decided to have the Lady
Frances examined by a committee of noble ladies |
|
|
|
and midwives. Some reports say that the
Countess under a pretence of modesty, having |
|
|
|
|
obtained leave to put on a veil when she was
inspected, caused a young woman of her age and |
|
|
|
stature, dressed in her clothes, to stand the
search in her place. At any rate, the examining |
|
|
|
midwives informed the Commission that the Lady
Frances was fitted to bear children and was "a |
|
|
|
virgin uncorrupted." |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'When notified by his "Sweet Robin"
of his intention to wed the lovely Lady Essex, James |
|
|
|
|
suspected nothing and rather rejoiced that the
most powerful family in the kingdom which had so |
|
|
|
often called his favourite an "upstart
Scot" would now be embracing him as a kinsman. So that |
|
|
|
Carr's dignity should match his bride's, James
created him Baron of Brancepeth and Earl of |
|
|
|
|
Somerset. The happy young couple were married
at Christmas time, Frances in silver with her |
|
|
|
hair streaming over her shoulders as a symbol
of her "maidenhood." The list of gorgeous wedding |
|
|
|
presents, topped by a gift of £10,000 from the
king, was enormous, for there was not a man in |
|
|
|
London who could afford to offend the king's
favourite and his bride. In the following June, James |
|
|
|
appointed Carr his Lord Chamberlain, with
Suffolk, Frances' father, as Lord Treasurer. But despite |
|
|
|
this tremendous access of power, prestige and
wealth, the newly-married Somersets did not |
|
|
|
seem to be happy. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'James began to notice that his favourite's
ready smile had begun to fade and his temper to fray. |
|
|
|
He did not know that his favourite's wife was
continually receiving letters and visits from strange |
|
|
|
individuals who complained of her debts to
them, that she was becoming a nervous wreck and |
|
|
|
that her neuroticism was inducing a similar
state in her husband. By the following summer there |
|
|
|
vague underground whisperings about the
Somersets, and there suddenly rocketed to Royal |
|
|
|
favour a new young nobody, George Villiers
[later Duke of Buckingham]. Away in France an |
|
|
|
|
apothecary's boy, about to die of fever, had
confessed to having accepted a bribe to administer |
|
|
|
an injection of poison to Sir Thomas Overbury. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'When James heard the news he appointed a
Commission of Inquiry. On October 17, 1615, the |
|
|
|
Commission requested the presence in London of
Carr and his Countess. Carr was lodged in the |
|
|
|
Tower, while Frances, who was in the eighth
month of her pregnancy, was ordered to remain at |
|
|
|
home in strict retirement. On November 15, the
accomplices, Mrs. Turner, Weston the gaoler, Dr. |
|
|
|
Franklin and the Lieutenant of the Tower, were
hanged at Tyburn. A month later Frances' |
|
|
|
|
daughter was born, and in March Frances, a
thin, miserable wreck of a beauty, was moved into |
|
|
|
the Tower. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Two months later, on May 24, 1616, Frances,
Countess of Somerset, wearing a black wool gown, |
|
|
|
a black cap and ruff of white lawn, was tried
in the Great Hall, Westminster. She pleaded guilty |
|
|
|
and in frozen silence heard the sentence of
death pronounced. The next day Carr stood his trial. |
|
|
|
His plea of not guilty was unavailing, and he,
too, was condemned to death. King James, fearful |
|
|
|
perhaps of what Carr might reveal on the
gallows of the scandals of his court, commuted the |
|
|
|
sentences to life imprisonment in the Tower.
They spent nearly eight weary years there, but in |
|
|
|
January, 1624, shortly before James died, he
pardoned them both on condition they confined |
|
|
|
themselves to a house in the country. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'They lived beneath the same roof for another
nine years, but their former love had turned to |
|
|
|
such hatred that they never spoke to each other
again, even when Frances, after a long, |
|
|
|
|
lingering illness, died in 1632. Carr lived on
as a semi-recluse for 13 years, dying in 1645 and |
|
|
|
finding a burial ground in St. Paul's, while
Essex, the husband Frances had despised, became a |
|
|
|
distinguished Roundhead commander in the Civil War.' |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Robert Edward de Vere Capell, 10th Earl of
Essex (creation of 1661) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The 10th Earl succeeded his third cousin once
removed, the 9th Earl, in 1981, but he did not |
|
|
|
successfully prove his claim until 1989. The
following article appeared in 'The Times' of 30 May |
|
|
|
1989. The article consistently refers to the
earl as Lord Capell, whereas his correct title was |
|
|
|
Earl of Essex - the barony of Capell is merely
a subsidiary title. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'A retired grocer will travel to London from
Lancashire next month to take his seat in the House |
|
|
|
of Lords. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'It ends a ten-year search by Lord Capell, of
Morecambe, who became curious when he found |
|
|
|
he shared the same name as the first Earl of
Essex. Enquiries at Debrett's led Lord Capell and |
|
|
|
Mr. Hugh Montague-Smith, the late editor, on a
quest to uncover his ancestors. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Lord Capell, a former Civil Servant and Royal
Air Force flight sergeant, who, as Mr. Arthur [sic] |
|
|
|
Capell, was once employed by the Sainsbury
grocery chain and was more recently a self- |
|
|
|
|
employed grocer, will be sworn in as the tenth
Earl of Essex, Viscount Malden [and] Baron Capell. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Lord Capell, aged 69, who retired eight years
ago, said he was "very sensitive" about taking |
|
|
|
his seat on the independent cross-benches.
"It is quite a thing to face. After all, I am just an |
|
|
|
ordinary man. But I am steeling myself to take
my seat later this summer. Whether I shall attend |
|
|
|
regularly or not I do not know since I am
retired and it is a long way to go." |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'He said: "I have been to the House of
Lords once as a guest of Lord Ingleby, who is a relative. |
|
|
|
But that was eight years ago when I knew I was
likely to be the heir." Lord Capell will meet Lady |
|
|
|
Hylton-Foster, convenor of the independent
cross-benches, and Sir John Sainty, Clerk of the |
|
|
|
Parliaments. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'After a tour of Parliament, he will hand in
his writ of summons and take the oath at the Dispatch |
|
|
|
Box. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Lord Capell's hunt involved tracing all the
lines of heirs from the sixth earl, who died in 1892. It |
|
|
|
included contacting distant relatives
throughout the world and collecting 80 signed documents. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'The line is not descended from Robert
Devereux, second Earl of Essex, Queen Elizabeth I's |
|
|
|
|
favourite who was executed in the Tower of
London. The title was revived in 1661 when Arthur |
|
|
|
Capell was created first Earl of Essex.
However, the first Earl and his father, the first Baron |
|
|
|
Capell, suffered a similar fate. The first
Earl, who was accused of involvement in the Rye House |
|
|
|
plot of 1683, was found in the Tower with his
throat cut. His father had been taken to his |
|
|
|
|
execution from the same apartments. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Lord Capell said: "I found about 15 males
separated me from my title. But I found nobody left an |
|
|
|
heir who was entitled to the claim." |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
After the 10th Earl's death in 2005, the
following obituary appeared in "The Telegraph" of 18 |
|
|
|
June 2005:- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'The 10th Earl of Essex, who died on June 5
aged 85, was a Lancashire grocer so bemused by his |
|
|
|
success in confirming his claim to the earldom
in 1981 after years of research that he was initially |
|
|
|
uncertain as to whether he would take his seat. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Admitting that he was not politically minded,
and that he could not see himself formulating laws |
|
|
|
his first reaction was to say: "I doubt if
it would be right." He then took his wife for a drive in the |
|
|
|
country to see how she felt about taking up the
title; but the new peer coped with the rush of |
|
|
|
publicity, leaving the bacon-slicer to take a
call from Robin Day on The World at One and |
|
|
|
|
granting interviews to a stream of reporters
with all the aplomb of one brought up in the rank. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'A month later, he descended on the House from
his bungalow at Morecambe to a particularly |
|
|
|
warm welcome from the many hereditary members
who were his distant kin. When the Crown |
|
|
|
Office officially accepted the claim eight
years later, the new Lord Essex duly took his seat and |
|
|
|
became a regular attender until his wife became
seriously ill; but he never cared to make a |
|
|
|
maiden speech. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Robert Edward de Vere Capell was descended
from the 2nd Lord Capel of Hadham, who became |
|
|
|
Earl of Essex in 1661 in recognition of his
executed father's loyalty to the Crown; the title had |
|
|
|
been first created in 1140, and had then been
created anew another seven times, on the last |
|
|
|
occasion for the dashing favourite of Queen
Elizabeth I executed for treason in 1600 [1601]. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'The earl created by Charles II became Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland and First Lord of the Treasury |
|
|
|
in 1679, before making the mistake of becoming
involved in the Rye House Plot to assassinate the |
|
|
|
king; he was committed to the Tower of London,
where he was found with his throat cut. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'His descendants proved more cautious, if less
distinguished, bearers of the earldom, the |
|
|
|
|
viscountcy of Malden and the barony of Capell,
whose family motto is Fide et fortitudine (By |
|
|
|
fidelity and fortitude). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'The second Earl was a soldier, Constable of
the Tower and Gentleman of the Bedchamber under |
|
|
|
King William III. The 5th Earl was Recorder and
High Steward of Leominster; the 7th Earl served in |
|
|
|
the Boer War and was ADC to King Edward VII;
and the 9th Earl, educated at Eton and |
|
|
|
|
Magdalene College, Cambridge, was a farmer who
commanded the 16th Airborne Division Signals |
|
|
|
Regiment of the T[erritorial] A[rmy] in 1948. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Bob Capell was born on January 13 1920. His
father, head parcel porter with the London and |
|
|
|
South Western Railway at Wimbledon, died when
his son was three. Young Bob spent a brief |
|
|
|
period in an orphanage where he was bewildered
to be told by the head that he would one day |
|
|
|
be Earl of Essex. But, as he remarked more than
50 years later when this was confirmed, he did |
|
|
|
not know what the life of an aristocrat was all
about, and he never gave the matter much |
|
|
|
thought. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'As a boy his greatest interest was sport; he
enjoyed gymnastics and boxing, was a keen Arsenal |
|
|
|
supporter and might have pursued a career in
football had he not sustained an ankle injury. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'As a young man he worked at Sainsbury's first
shop in Bournemouth, and then served during the |
|
|
|
war as an RAF physical training instructor with
the rank of flight sergeant. It was while stationed |
|
|
|
at Morecambe that he met and married Doris
Tomlinson, the daughter of a local grocer. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'On coming out of the service, he worked as a
clerk in the Post Office savings department for 25 |
|
|
|
years, and then became a partner with his
brother-in-law in the family grocery store. He retained |
|
|
|
his lithe figure into old age by playing
badminton and tennis and tending his beloved garden. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Bob Capell's interest in the peerage was
stirred afresh when a friend sent a newspaper cutting |
|
|
|
claiming that the heir lived in America.
Encouraged by his wife and son, he began his own |
|
|
|
|
inquiries in the belief that his claim was better. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'It involved him in a long correspondence with
numerous, previously unknown, distant cousins in |
|
|
|
Britain, America and Australia; a breakthrough
came when he obtained a formal declaration that |
|
|
|
none of the eight children of a great uncle -
who had been sent to join the Indian Navy and then |
|
|
|
settled in Australia after running up debts at
Oxford - had any heirs. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Capell also discovered that he could claim
kinship with seven holders of the title in the previous |
|
|
|
creations; the exception was its briefest
holder, Henry VIII's minister, Thomas Cromwell. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'The 9th Earl died in 1981, and the editor of
Burke's Peerage, Patrick Montague-Smith, declared |
|
|
|
that Bob Capell, as a third cousin once
removed, was the rightful successor through descent from |
|
|
|
the sixth Earl of Essex - though it took a
further eight years before he was permitted to take his |
|
|
|
seat. No money came with the title, but the
widow of the 8th Earl gave him some family silver. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Viscount Malden, born in 1944, who was known
as plain Mr Capell when he was deputy head- |
|
|
|
master of Skerton County primary School,
Lancashire, succeeds to the peerage. The heir is now |
|
|
|
William Jennings Capell of Yuba City,
California, son of the American whose supposed claim |
|
|
|
started the 10th Earl on his quest for the
title. He, too, is a retired grocer.' |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The claim to the barony of Eure made in 1977 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"The Times" of 10 October 1977
contained the following report:- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'An Australian vicar has arrived in England to
claim the dormant Barony of Eure. At first or even |
|
|
|
second glance that may not seem an introductory
sentence to grab the reader's attention by |
|
|
|
the scruff of the neck and refuse to let it go
before the bottom of the page. It suggests |
|
|
|
|
snobbery and genealogy-mania, the most boring
of English vices to snobs not personally |
|
|
|
|
concerned in the genealogy. However, the claim
has nice historical, constitutional, eccentric and |
|
|
|
sexist features. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'The last Lord Eure died in 1707. The Rev James
Haldane-Stevenson, vicar of North Balwyn (a |
|
|
|
parish in Melbourne) claims that in 1652 the
Government made a mistake in the descent of the |
|
|
|
title. He is taking the highly unusual step of
petitioning the Queen under the Bill of Rights, |
|
|
|
|
claiming redress of tort by the Government in
1652. There is an agreeable historical irony in the |
|
|
|
complicating factor that the Government at that
date consisted of the great Anti-King himself, |
|
|
|
Oliver Cromwell. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'The claim turns upon the question whether the
Barony of Eure was created "in fee" (devolving on |
|
|
|
heirs general of either sex) or "by
patent" (to male heirs only). Henry VIII granted the Baronies |
|
|
|
of Eure and Wharton in a hurry on the same day
in September, 1544 [?], on the eve of his |
|
|
|
invasion of France. Because of the haste it is
not clear whether he had created them in fee or by |
|
|
|
patent until a ruling by the House of Lords in 1916. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'In 1652 Lord Eure died. His closest relations
were a pair of sisters who were his cousins. The |
|
|
|
King, the true fons
honoris, was on his travels in exile. The
Protector, who was notoriously lax |
|
|
|
about honorific matters, even allowing peers to
sit in the House of Commons, passed over the |
|
|
|
females and allowed a more distant male cousin
to succeed as Lord Eure. Apart from male chauv- |
|
|
|
inism, there was good prudential reason for
disinheriting the sisters. They were so insanely |
|
|
|
jealous of each other that, when they were left
a house jointly, they could not agree to share it, |
|
|
|
and accordingly pulled it down and divided it
stone by stone. When Charles II was restored, he |
|
|
|
granted the sisters the dignity of peers' daughters. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'In 1916 the House of Lords judged that the
identical contemporary Barony of Wharton was in fee, |
|
|
|
devolving on women as well as men. What is
sauce for the Wharton is sauce for the Eure. The |
|
|
|
title should have gone to the excitable
sisters, whose nearest living descendant is the Rev. James |
|
|
|
Haldane-Stevenson. He argues that the Act of
1927, which sets a limit of 100 years after which |
|
|
|
it becomes impossible to call a title out of
abeyance, should not and cannot apply in this case, |
|
|
|
because the delay has been caused not by
negligence of the family but by error of the |
|
|
|
|
Government. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'It does not matter greatly. There is no estate
left. The family seat, Malton Hall in what used to |
|
|
|
be called County Durham, was demolished three
centuries ago. Mr. Haldane-Stevenson has |
|
|
|
announced that he will apply for the Liberal
Whip, if he becomes translated into Lord Eure; and |
|
|
|
he has been welcomed as a potential recruit by
Lord Wigoder, the Liberal Deputy Whip in the |
|
|
|
House of Lords. The unusual process will, in
any case, untie an engaging little historical knot of |
|
|
|
no importance.' |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Apart from a flurry of letters to newspapers, I
cannot find any further movement in the progress |
|
|
|
of this claim. I'll let Patrick Montague-Smith,
the then editor of "Debrett's Peerage" have the last |
|
|
|
word in a letter to the "Daily
Telegraph" of 2 August 1979:- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Sir - I do not know whether the Rev. J.P.
Haldane-Stevenson, claimant to the barony of Eure, |
|
|
|
considers this peerage to have been created
with remainder to heirs male of the body (in which |
|
|
|
case it would be dormant or extinct) or by writ
of summons (in which case it would be either |
|
|
|
dormant or abeyant). A peerage cannot both be
dormant and abeyant. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'The Complete Peerage states that the Barony was created by Letters Patent in
1543/4, but not |
|
|
|
enrolled. Their editor in 1913 received a note
from the deputy keeper of the records that the |
|
|
|
was created with remainder to the heirs male of
the body; in which case, a claimant would have |
|
|
|
to be descended from the first lord in the male line. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'If the claimant is suggesting that the barony
was created with remainder to heirs general, as |
|
|
|
was the decision of the House of Lords of the
Barony of Wharton, it would have fallen into |
|
|
|
abeyance in 1652 on the death of the 5th baron
as his heir presumptive had left two daughters. |
|
|
|
It passed, however, to the male heir and became
extinct in 1707 on the death of his brother. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'I do not know whether the claimant is
suggesting that he is the sole representative of one of |
|
|
|
these women, and the other line has died out.
In that case he would merely have to prove his |
|
|
|
descent and there would be no question of
abeyance. If, on the other hand, the peerage is in |
|
|
|
abeyance between two or more co-heirs, an
appeal to the Sovereign to terminate this abeyance |
|
|
|
would be unsuccessful, because the House of
Lords does not now consider appeal on peerages |
|
|
|
in abeyance for more than 100 years. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'I cannot see that a claim to a peerage, which
is the responsibility of the House of Lords, is |
|
|
|
anything to do with the Government, the
Commonwealth Conference or the European Commission |
|
|
|
on Human Rights [the claimant had threatened to
take his case to the latter two bodies].' |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The reader is also urged to read this note in
conjunction with that under the barony of Wharton. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sarah, 2nd wife of the 10th Earl and 1st
Marquess of Exeter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Henry Cecil married, for the first time, on 23
May 1776, Emma Vernon, a rich heiress of the |
|
|
|
|
Vernons of Hanbury, Worcestershire. After an
unhappy marriage, the union finally ended in |
|
|
|
|
divorce. Cecil was reputed to have been totally
disillusioned by the failure of his marriage |
|
|
|
|
and he sold off or carried away all of his
possessions which were not Vernon family |
|
|
|
|
heirlooms. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
He resolved to cut himself off from the
artificial attractions of his wealth and rank and took |
|
|
|
himself off to a remote corner of Shropshire,
to a small village near Newport named Bolas. Here |
|
|
|
he took up residence in the local inn. Because
of the obscurity of his background and his |
|
|
|
|
possession of ample money, local gossip soon
had it that he was connected with smugglers |
|
|
|
and that he had come by his money by
dishonesty. Tiring of such gossip, he left the inn and |
|
|
|
became a tenant of a local farmer, Mr Hoggins.
He also purchased some land and began to |
|
|
|
|
build a house, but, given the local suspicions,
it was only by offering to pay the workmen up |
|
|
|
front that they would agree to undertake the work. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
While the house was being built, Cecil fell
deeply in love with Sarah, the daughter of his landlord. |
|
|
|
He resolved to make her his wife and asked her
parents for their consent, which was duly given. |
|
|
|
After the marriage, Cecil arranged for various
masters to instruct his new wife in all manner of |
|
|
|
subjects and within a year she was an
accomplished woman. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
When he heard that he had succeeded his uncle
to the Earldom of Exeter in late 1793, he |
|
|
|
|
set off for the family home. During the
journey, he called at the seats of several noblemen, |
|
|
|
where he was, to his wife's astonishment,
welcomed in the most friendly manner. At last, |
|
|
|
|
they reached Burleigh, the magnificent home of
the Cecils. On approaching the house, Cecil |
|
|
|
nonchalantly asked his wife whether she would
like to live there. 'Oh yes,' exclaimed Sarah, 'it is |
|
|
|
indeed a lovely spot, exceeding all I have
seen, and making me almost envy its possessors.' |
|
|
|
'Well then', said the Earl, 'it is yours.' |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As soon as the Earl had settled his affairs, he
returned to Bolas where he revealed his real |
|
|
|
|
rank and wealth to Sarah's parents, gave them
the house that he had built and settled an |
|
|
|
|
income of £700 a year upon them. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unfortunately, Sarah, who was known as the
"Peasant Countess', died in January 1797, having |
|
|
|
given Cecil two sons and a daughter. She died
shortly after the birth of her second son, and |
|
|
|
would only have been about 23 at the time of
her death. The story of the marriage of the |
|
|
|
|
Earl and Sarah forms the subject of Lord
Tennyson's poem "The Lord of Burleigh" which can be |
|
|
|
found online. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Edward Pellew,1st Viscount Exmouth |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exmouth was a naval officer who rose to the
rank of Admiral. He entered the Royal Navy in 1770, |
|
|
|
at the age of 13, and saw action during the
American Revolutionary War and the Napoleonic |
|
|
|
Wars, rising steadily through the ranks until
he was appointed Commander in Chief of the |
|
|
|
|
Mediterranean Fleet in 1814. In the same year,
he was created Baron Exmouth, and in 1816 was |
|
|
|
appointed to lead a naval expedition to
suppress slavery and to free Europeans who had been |
|
|
|
captured by the Barbary pirates. His expedition
was successful in freeing more than 3000 slaves |
|
|
|
and, for a brief time, Christian slavery along
the Barbary Coast was suppressed. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following account of the bombardment of
Algiers appeared in the March 1959 issue of the |
|
|
|
Australian monthly magazine "Parade":- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'On the sultry evening of August 27, 1816,
British Consul McDonell lay half-naked in a pit near |
|
|
|
the palace of the ferocious Dey of Algiers. He
was heavily loaded with chains which were riveted |
|
|
|
to the walls. For companions he had two
murderers, similarly pinioned, with whom he had been |
|
|
|
assured he would be ceremonially beheaded on
the following day, if he survived. There was great |
|
|
|
doubt whether any of them would see the dawn
for the whole of Algiers was shaking under the |
|
|
|
most remorseless naval bombardment in history.
Ten thousand dwelling houses were falling into |
|
|
|
rubble while over all was the fierce glare of
fire from the burning arsenal. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'The bombardment was the vengeance of Britain
for an atrocious massacre and a sign of her |
|
|
|
determination to put down forever the noxious
trade of Christian slavery. For centuries, the |
|
|
|
pirates of the Barbary Coast had plundered
Mediterranean countries at will, seizing Christian |
|
|
|
slaves for harems and galleys. At one time,
there were 25,000 Christian slaves in Algiers alone. |
|
|
|
They were driven like cattle for sale in the market. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'As soon as the Napoleonic wars ended, Britain
decided to persuade the pirates by gold and |
|
|
|
diplomacy, if possible, to release their
Christian slaves and abandon slavery. She chose for the |
|
|
|
delicate mission Edward Pellew, Baron Exmouth,
Naval Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean. Lord |
|
|
|
Exmouth went straight to the most bloodthirsty
potentate on the coast, Omar, Dey of Algiers, |
|
|
|
who, despite Exmouth's squadron of 14 ships,
including five battleships, received him insolently. |
|
|
|
After hours of haggling, Exmouth was forced to
pay the Dey 1000 Spanish dollars each for 357 |
|
|
|
Sicilian and Neapolitan slaves and 500 dollars
each for 51 Sardinians. The condition of the slaves, |
|
|
|
as they were taken to the transport, sickened
and shocked Exmouth. Men and women of all ages, |
|
|
|
and even children, bore the scars of cruel
floggings. Weak and emaciated, they could hardly |
|
|
|
hobble, while most had festering sores on
wrists and legs where iron chains had bitten deeply |
|
|
|
into the flesh. As one man, they fell on their
knees in prayer before their embarrassed British |
|
|
|
deliverers and tried to kiss their hands. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Convinced that sooner or later outright war
would be needed to smash the Dey of Algiers, |
|
|
|
|
Exmouth ordered Captain Warde, of the Banterer,
to make a secret survey of the port. Every gun |
|
|
|
was plotted. Soundings were made at night.
Exmouth sailed Algiers on April 7 for Tunis to ransom |
|
|
|
more Christians. He found the Tunis Bey more
amiable than the Algerian Omer Dey, for he was |
|
|
|
made comfortable on a divan and regaled with
coffee and sherbet. The Bey was a fat Turk, |
|
|
|
noted for his gluttony and his huge harem of
beautiful slave girls. It was said that the only time |
|
|
|
he ever exerted himself was when he got out of
bed to strangle his predecessor. He willingly |
|
|
|
ransomed 524 slaves and freed a further 257
without ransom, including Christian girls from his |
|
|
|
harem. Finally he signed a pact abolishing
slavery within his jurisdiction. The Bey of Tripoli was |
|
|
|
equally obliging. He released 414 Neapolitans
and Sicilians for a gift of 50,000 dollars, and also |
|
|
|
signed an anti-slave pact. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Flushed with success, Exmouth returned to
Algiers with the intention of bluffing or bullying the |
|
|
|
Dey into a similar treaty and forcing him to
surrender the slaves he still held. He ran straight |
|
|
|
into a hornet's nest. The Dey and his ministers
laughed and jeered at his angry threats to |
|
|
|
|
destroy the port. When he announced that
Britain would break off diplomatic relations and made |
|
|
|
for the docks with the British Consul, Mr.
McDonell, the Dey construed it as a declaration of war. |
|
|
|
He called out the mob, who surrounded the
British party and seized the Consul. Two of Exmouth's |
|
|
|
officers were dragged from horses, robbed, and
marched through the streets with their hands |
|
|
|
tied behind them. Exmouth himself and the
Consul were saved by a last-minute order of the Dey |
|
|
|
that they be allowed to proceed unharmed. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Only an unfavorable wind prevented the irate
Exmouth from opening fire on Algiers at once, while |
|
|
|
the Dey put the city on a war footing, called
in troops from district outposts, and sent horsemen |
|
|
|
to Oran and Bona with instructions to gaol all
Britons. Then he took the wind out of Exmouth's |
|
|
|
sails by offering to send an ambassador to
London to discuss the whole slave question. Exmouth |
|
|
|
accepted. Consul McDonell returned to his
consulate. Hardly had the British squadron cleared |
|
|
|
port, however, than the Algerines turned
savagely on all Britons and British interests. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'For years Britain had held a charter to
exploit the coral fisheries off Buna. The leases were |
|
|
|
worked by Corsicans, Sardinians and Sicilians,
who enjoyed British protection. On Ascension Day |
|
|
|
(May 23), about 600 of the fishermen went to
church ashore. While they were at worship, the |
|
|
|
Dey's horsemen arrived with false news of war
with Britain. With a ferocity rarely paralleled, the |
|
|
|
Moors turned on the Christian worshippers. They
hacked and murdered in a frenzy of hatred until |
|
|
|
more than 200 of the fishermen had been
massacred and scores more wounded. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'News of the massacre reached England as
Exmouth was paying off his crews. He was ordered |
|
|
|
to return at once to exact vengeance. Though
offered the entire Mediterranean fleet, Exmouth |
|
|
|
insisted that he needed only five great
battleships and their supporting frigates. The British |
|
|
|
Admiralty were staggered by these modest
demands, for Nelson had estimated a few years earlier |
|
|
|
that a fleet of at least 25 great ships would
be needed to burn the pirates from Algiers. |
|
|
|
|
Exmouth's survey, however, had convinced him
that too many ships would hamper operations. He |
|
|
|
chose the Queen Charlotte (100 guns) as his
flagship, supported by the Impregnable (98 guns), |
|
|
|
three 74-gun ships, one 50, with frigates and
supply ships - in all 470 guns. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Algiers, a walled city on a hillside, facing
the Mediterranean, bristled with 500 heavy guns. The |
|
|
|
most formidable were on a concrete mole about
300 yards offshore on the end of a T-shaped |
|
|
|
artificial harbour. Inside the harbour were
four Algerine frigates, five large corvettes and 37 gun- |
|
|
|
boats with additional cannon. Forty thousand
troops manned the defences, while as a reserve |
|
|
|
Omar Dey ordered every ablebodied man to take
part in the defence on pain of death. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'At Gibraltar, the commander of a Dutch
squadron [Vice-Admiral Theodorus Frederik van Capellen |
|
|
|
1762-1824] asked permission to join in the
attack, Exmouth accepted, thus adding five frigates |
|
|
|
and a corvette to his strength. Meanwhile, the
sloop Prometheus, which had gone to Algiers to |
|
|
|
evacuate McDonell and his family, returned with
the news that McDonell and 18 members of |
|
|
|
Prometheus' crew had been arrested and thrown
into dungeons. McDonell's wife and daughter |
|
|
|
had escaped to the ship disguised as
midshipmen. The 18 men had been arrested while trying to |
|
|
|
smuggle McDonell's baby aboard in a fruit case.
The Dey restored the baby to its mother, but |
|
|
|
held the men, whom it had betrayed by crying. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Exmouth arrived off Algiers at daybreak on
August 27. At 11 a.m. he sent a party ashore under |
|
|
|
a flag of truce to demand the surrender of the
Consul and the men of the Prometheus before 2 |
|
|
|
p.m. When there was no reply, the squadron
sailed into Algiers harbour. Without a shot being |
|
|
|
fired by either side, Exmouth sailed the Queen
Charlotte to within 50 yards of the big guns on the |
|
|
|
mole and calmly dropped anchor. They were so
close that the British gunners could see the |
|
|
|
swarthy faces of the enemy peering over the
muzzles of their guns. Not a shot was fired as the |
|
|
|
British vessels warped themselves into position
at pointblank range. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'Curiously, thousands of Algerines milled on
the mole to watch the spectacle, presenting an ideal |
|
|
|
target. They were entranced when they heard the
British, as was their habit before action, give |
|
|
|
three cheers for the enemy. Then a nervy
Algerine gun crew fired a shot through the Charlotte's |
|
|
|
rigging. With a roar that could be heard 60
miles away, every ship and every gun ashore belched |
|
|
|
fire. Before Queen Charlotte opened fire, Lord
Exmouth himself waved to the milling crowd to take |
|
|
|
cover. They did not heed him, and it is
estimated that the first few broadsides killed 300 of them |
|
|
|
and maimed 200 more. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'For eight hours the bombardment continued.
Abandoning any order of fire the British gunners |
|
|
|
loaded and reloaded as fast as they could work
their guns. They burned up 118 tons of gun- |
|
|
|
powder, fired 50,000 shot weighing 500 tons, as
well as 1000 shells and hundreds of rockets. At |
|
|
|
the height of the battle, the portly Lord
Exmouth ran about the deck with a white handkerchief |
|
|
|
tied round his waist, a little round hat on the
back of his head, and a telescope under his arm, |
|
|
|
bawling orders and skipping about like a middy.
He suffered only two slight wounds, which was |
|
|
|
considered miraculous, for "his coat was
slit by musket balls as if someone had been slashing at |
|
|
|
it with a pair of
scissors." |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'When at last he called a halt to conserve his
rapidly dwindling ammunition, Algiers was in a |
|
|
|
pitiful condition. The mole was wrecked; its
guns silent. Ships in the harbour, arsenals and store |
|
|
|
houses were ablaze. Ten thousand dwelling
houses had been smashed to rubble or were in flames, |
|
|
|
while 6000 Moors and Algerines had been slain.
Of the 6500 men under Exmouth's command, 128 |
|
|
|
had been killed arid 690 wounded. The Dutch
lost 13 killed and 52 wounded. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'While the smoke of many fires still hung over
the city, Exmouth called on the Dey to surrender. |
|
|
|
His terms, presented by an intrepid Egyptian
interpreter named Salami, were the release of |
|
|
|
|
Christian slaves still held in Algiers, total
abolition of slavery, and the return of 400,000 dollars |
|
|
|
Exmouth had paid for ransom some months before.
Sitting cross-legged on a divan at the palace, |
|
|
|
sullenly smoking a pipe and stroking his beard,
the Dey contemplated defiance till his counsellors |
|
|
|
reminded him that his defences were a mass of
rubble and twisted iron. Then he yielded. |
|
|
|
|
Immediately the chains were struck from 1642
Christian slaves, bringing the total liberated by |
|
|
|
Exmouth to more than 3000. McDonell was the
first to be freed from his pit. Exmouth forced the |
|
|
|
Dey to apologise to the Consul before his
Ministers and pay him 30,000 dollars. It was about the |
|
|
|
public act of the Dey. A few weeks later, he
was strangled by his generals.' |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
John Eyre, Baron Eyre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following is extracted from "The
Emperor of the United States of America and Other |
|
|
|
|
Magnificent British Eccentrics" by
Catherine Caufield (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London 1981) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lord Eyre…….lived in a castle with windows that
did not open, owned not one book, and |
|
|
|
|
presided at table every day from early
afternoon to bedtime, working his way through great |
|
|
|
quantities of food and claret. The food, which
never varied, was presented in a way that |
|
|
|
|
discouraged some guests; a slaughtered ox was
hung up whole and diners were expected |
|
|
|
|
to help themselves. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Copyright © 2020 Maltagenealogy.com |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|