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PEERAGE |
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Last update: 11/01/2024 |
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Date |
Rank |
Order |
Name |
Born |
Died |
Age |
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KABERRY OF ADEL |
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23 Sep 1983 |
B[L] |
1 |
Donald
Kaberry |
18 Aug 1907 |
13 Mar 1991 |
83 |
to |
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Created Baron Kaberry of Adel for life |
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13 Mar 1991 |
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23 Sep
1983 |
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MP for Leeds Northwest 1950-1983 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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KADOORIE |
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22 Sep 1981 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir
Lawrence Kadoorie |
2 Jun 1899 |
25 Aug 1993 |
94 |
to |
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Created Baron Kadoorie for life 22 Sep 1981 |
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25 Aug 1993 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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KAGAN |
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30 Jun 1976 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Joseph Kagan |
6 Jun 1915 |
18 Jan 1995 |
79 |
to |
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Created Baron Kagan for life 30 Jun 1976 |
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18 Jan 1995 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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For further information of this peer, see the note |
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at the foot of this page. |
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KAHN |
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6 Jul 1965 |
B[L] |
1 |
Richard Ferdinand Kahn |
10 Aug 1905 |
6 Jun 1989 |
83 |
to |
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Created Baron Kahn for life 6 Jul 1965 |
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6 Jun 1989 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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KAKKAR |
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22 Mar 2010 |
B[L] |
1 |
Ajay Kumar Kakkar |
28 Apr 1964 |
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Created Baron Kakkar for life 22 Mar 2010 |
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PC 2014 |
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KALDOR |
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9 Jul 1974 |
B[L] |
1 |
Nicholas Kaldor |
12 May 1908 |
30 Sep 1986 |
78 |
to |
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Created Baron Kaldor for life 9 Jul 1974 |
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30 Sep 1986 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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KALMS |
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1 Jun 2004 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Harold Stanley Kalms |
21 Nov 1931 |
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Created Baron Kalms for life 1 Jun 2004 |
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KAMALL |
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28 Jan 2021 |
B[L] |
1 |
Professor Syed Salah Kamall |
15 Feb 1967 |
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Created Baron Kamall for life 28 Jan 2021 |
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KEANE |
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23 Dec 1839 |
B |
1 |
John Keane |
6 Feb 1781 |
26 Aug 1844 |
63 |
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Created Baron Keane 23 Dec 1839 |
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26 Aug 1844 |
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2 |
Edward Arthur Wellington Keane |
4 May 1815 |
25 Jul 1882 |
67 |
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25 Jul 1882 |
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3 |
John Manly Arbuthnot Keane |
1 Sep 1816 |
27 Nov 1901 |
85 |
to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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27 Nov 1901 |
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KEARTON |
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5 Feb 1970 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Christopher Frank Kearton |
17 Feb 1911 |
2 Jul 1992 |
81 |
to |
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Created Baron Kearton for life 5 Feb 1970 |
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2 Jul 1992 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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KEDLESTON |
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28 Jun 1921 |
E |
1 |
George Nathaniel Curzon,1st Earl Curzon of |
11 Jan 1859 |
20 Mar 1925 |
66 |
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Kedleston |
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Created Earl of Kedleston and Marquess |
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Curzon of Kedleston 28 Jun 1921 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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KEEN OF ELIE |
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8 Jun 2015 |
B[L] |
1 |
Richard Sanderson Keen |
29 Mar 1954 |
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Created Baron Keen of Elie for life 8 Jun 2015 |
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KEITH |
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16 Mar 1797 |
B[I] |
1 |
George Keith Elphinstone |
7 Jan 1746 |
10 Mar 1823 |
77 |
15 Dec 1801 |
B |
1 |
Created Baron Keith [I] 16 Mar 1797, |
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to |
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Baron Keith
[UK] 15 Dec 1801 and |
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10 Mar 1823 |
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17 Sep 1803 and Viscount Keith |
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17 Sep 1803 |
B |
1 |
1 Jun 1814 |
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For details of the special remainders included in the |
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creations of the
Baronies of 1797 and 1803,see the |
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notes at the foot of this page |
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1 Jun 1814 |
V |
1 |
MP for Dunbartonshire 1781-1790 and Stirlingshire |
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to |
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1796-1801 |
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10 Mar 1823 |
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On his death the Viscountcy, and the Barony |
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of 1801 became extinct,whilst the Barony |
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of 1797 and the Barony of 1803 passed to - |
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10 Mar 1823 |
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2 |
Margaret de la Billardrie |
12 Jun 1788 |
11 Nov 1867 |
79 |
to |
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She subsequently [1837] succeeded as Baroness |
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11 Nov 1867 |
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Nairne in her own right (7th in line). On her death |
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the Keith peerages became extinct,while the |
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Barony of Nairne passed to her daughter - see |
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that title |
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KEITH OF AVONHOLM |
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4 Nov 1953 |
B[L] |
1 |
James Keith |
20 May 1886 |
29 Jun 1964 |
78 |
to |
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Created Baron Keith of Avonholm for life |
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29 Jun 1964 |
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4 Nov 1953 |
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Lord of Appeal in Ordinary 1953-1961. |
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PC 1953 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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KEITH OF CASTLEACRE |
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6 Feb 1980 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Kenneth Alexander Keith |
30 Aug 1916 |
1 Sep 2004 |
88 |
to |
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Created Baron Keith of Castleacre for life |
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1 Sep 2004 |
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6 Feb 1980 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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KEITH OF INVERURY |
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20 Jun 1677 |
B[S] |
1 |
John Keith |
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12 Apr 1715 |
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Created Lord Keith of Inverury and |
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Earl of Kintore 20 Jun 1677 |
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see "Kintore" |
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KEITH OF KINKEL |
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10 Jan 1977 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Henry Shanks Keith |
7 Feb 1922 |
21 Jun 2002 |
80 |
to |
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Created Baron Keith of Kinkel for life |
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21 Jun 2002 |
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10 Jan 1977 |
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Lord of Appeal in Ordinary 1977-1996 |
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PC 1976 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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KELBURN |
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12 Apr 1703 |
V[S] |
1 |
David Boyle |
1666 |
1 Nov 1733 |
67 |
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Created Lord Boyle of Kelburn, |
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Stewartoun,Cumbra,Largs and Dalry |
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31 Jan 1699, and Lord Boyle of |
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Stewartoun,Cumbraes,Finnick,Largs |
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and Dalry,Viscount of Kelburn and |
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Earl of Glasgow 12 Apr 1703 |
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See "Glasgow" |
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KELHEAD |
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26 Jun 1893 |
B |
1 |
Francis Archibald Douglas |
3 Feb 1867 |
19 Oct 1894 |
27 |
to |
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Created Baron Kelhead 26 Jun 1893 |
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19 Oct 1894 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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For further information on this peer, see the |
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note at the foot of this page. |
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KELLIE |
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12 Mar 1619 |
E[S] |
1 |
Thomas Erskine |
1566 |
12 Jun 1639 |
72 |
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Created Lord Dirletoun 8 Jul 1604 |
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Viscount Fentoun 18 Mar 1606 and |
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Earl of Kellie 12 Mar 1619 |
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KG 1615 |
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12 Jun 1639 |
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2 |
Thomas Erskine |
c 1615 |
3 Feb 1643 |
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3 Feb 1643 |
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3 |
Alexander Erskine |
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May 1677 |
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May 1677 |
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4 |
Alexander Erskine |
14 Sep 1677 |
8 Mar 1710 |
32 |
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8 Mar 1710 |
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5 |
Alexander Erskine |
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3 Apr 1756 |
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3 Apr 1756 |
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6 |
Thomas Alexander Erskine |
1 Sep 1732 |
9 Oct 1781 |
49 |
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9 Oct 1781 |
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7 |
Archibald Erskine |
22 Apr 1736 |
8 May 1797 |
61 |
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8 May 1797 |
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8 |
Sir Charles Erskine,8th baronet |
1764 |
28 Oct 1799 |
35 |
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28 Oct 1799 |
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9 |
Thomas Erskine |
c 1745 |
6 Feb 1828 |
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Lord Lieutenant Fife 1824-1828 |
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For information on this peer's wife,see the |
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note at the foot of this page |
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6 Feb 1828 |
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10 |
Methven Erskine |
c 1750 |
3 Dec 1829 |
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For information on this peer's wife,see the |
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note at the foot of this page |
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3 Dec 1829 |
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11 |
John Francis Miller Erskine |
28 Dec 1795 |
19 Jun 1866 |
70 |
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He had previously succeeded to the Earldom |
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of Mar
(qv) in 1828 with which title this |
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peerage then merged and so remains |
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KELSO |
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25 Apr 1707 |
E[S] |
1 |
John Ker |
c 1680 |
24 Feb 1741 |
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Created Lord Ker of Cessfurd and |
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Cavertoun,Viscount of Broxmouth, |
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Earl of Kelso,Marquess of Bowmont |
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and Cessfurd and Duke of Roxburghe |
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25 Apr 1707 |
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See "Roxburghe" |
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KELVEDON |
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11 Jun 1997 |
B[L] |
1 |
Henry Paul Guinness Channon |
9 Oct 1935 |
27 Jan 2007 |
71 |
to |
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Created Baron Kelvedon for life 11 Jun 1997 |
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27 Jan 2007 |
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MP for Southend West 1959-1997. Minister |
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of State,Northern Ireland 1972. Minister of |
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Housing and Construction 1972-1974. |
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Minister of State,Civil Service 1979-1981. |
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Minister for the Arts 1981-1983. Minister of |
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Trade 1983-1986. Secretary of State for |
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Trade and Industry 1986-1987. Secretary |
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of State for Transport 1987-1989. PC 1980 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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KELVIN |
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23 Feb 1892 |
B |
1 |
Sir William Thomson |
26 Jun 1824 |
17 Dec 1907 |
83 |
to |
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Created Baron Kelvin 23 Feb 1892 |
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17 Dec 1907 |
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PC 1902 OM 1902 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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KEMPSELL |
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11 Jul 2023 |
B[L] |
1 |
Ross John Kempsell |
8 May 1992 |
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Created Baron Kempsell for life 11 Jul 2023 |
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KEMSLEY |
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12 Sep 1945 |
V |
1 |
Sir James Gomer Berry,1st baronet |
7 May 1883 |
6 Feb 1968 |
84 |
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Created Baron Kemsley 3 Feb 1936 and |
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Viscount Kemsley 12 Sep 1945 |
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6 Feb 1968 |
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2 |
Geoffrey Lionel Berry |
29 Jun 1909 |
28 Feb 1999 |
89 |
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MP for Buckingham 1943-1945 |
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28 Feb 1999 |
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3 |
Richard Gomer Berry |
17 Apr 1951 |
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KENDAL |
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16 May 1414 |
E |
1 |
John Plantagenet |
20 Jun 1389 |
14 Sep 1435 |
46 |
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Created Earl of Kendal and Duke of |
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14 Sep 1435 |
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Bedford 16 May 1414 |
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See "Bedford" |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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28 Aug 1443 |
E |
1 |
John Beaufort |
1404 |
27 May 1444 |
39 |
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Created Earl of Kendal and Duke of |
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27 May 1444 |
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Somerset 28 Aug 1443 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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c 1446 |
E |
1 |
John de Foix |
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c 1485 |
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Created Earl of Kendal c 1446 |
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1462 |
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KG 1446 |
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He surrendered the peerage in 1462 |
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1666 |
D |
1 |
Charles Stuart |
4 Jul 1666 |
22 May 1667 |
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to |
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Designated Baron of Holdenby,Earl of |
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22 May 1667 |
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Wigmore and Duke of Kendal 1666 |
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3rd son of James II |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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9 Apr 1689 |
E |
1 |
George,Prince of Denmark |
2 Apr 1653 |
28 Oct 1708 |
55 |
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Created Baron Ockingham,Earl of |
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28 Oct 1708 |
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Kendal and Duke of Cumberland |
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9 Apr 1689 |
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Husband of Queen Anne. KG 1684 PC 1685 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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19 Mar 1719 |
D[L] |
1 |
Ermengarde Melusina Schulenberg |
25 Dec 1667 |
10 May 1743 |
75 |
to |
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Created Baroness of Dundalk, |
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10 May 1743 |
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Countess and
Marchioness of |
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Dungannon and Duchess of Munster for life |
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18 Jul 1716,and Baroness Glastonbury, |
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Countess of Feversham and Duchess |
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of Kendal for life 19 Mar 1719 |
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Mistress of George I |
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Peerages extinct on her death |
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For further information on this peeress,see the |
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note at the foot of this page |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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24 May 1784 |
B |
1 |
James Lowther |
5 Aug 1736 |
24 May 1802 |
65 |
to |
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Created Baron
Lowther,Baron of the |
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24 May 1802 |
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Barony of Kendal,Baron of the Barony |
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of Burgh,Viscount of Lonsdale, |
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Viscount of
Lowther and Earl of |
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Lonsdale 24 May 1784 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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KENILWORTH |
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10 Jun 1937 |
B |
1 |
Sir John Davenport Siddeley |
5 Aug 1866 |
3 Nov 1953 |
87 |
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Created Baron Kenilworth 10 Jun 1937 |
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3 Nov 1953 |
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2 |
Cyril Davenport Siddleley |
27 Aug 1894 |
11 Aug 1971 |
76 |
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11 Aug 1971 |
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3 |
John Tennant Davenport Siddeley |
24 Jan 1924 |
26 Dec 1981 |
57 |
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26 Dec 1981 |
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4 |
John Randle Siddeley |
16 Jun 1954 |
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KENLIS |
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10 Sep 1831 |
B |
1 |
Thomas Taylour,2nd Marquess of Headfort |
4 May 1787 |
6 Dec 1870 |
83 |
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Created Baron Kenlis 10 Sep 1831 |
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See "Headfort" |
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KENMARE |
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3 Jan 1801 |
E[I] |
1 |
Sir Valentine Browne,7th baronet |
Jan 1754 |
3 Oct 1812 |
58 |
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Created Baron
Castlerosse and |
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Viscount Kenmare 12 Feb 1798, and |
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Viscount
Castlerosse and Earl of |
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Kenmare 3 Jan 1801 |
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3 Oct 1812 |
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2 |
Valentine Browne |
15 Jan 1788 |
31 Oct 1853 |
65 |
17 Aug 1841 |
B |
1 |
Created Baron Kenmare 17 Aug 1841 |
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to |
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Lord Lieutenant Kerry 1831-1853 |
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31 Oct 1853 |
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PC [I] 1834 |
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On his death the Barony became extinct |
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whilst the Earldom passed to - |
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31 Oct 1853 |
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3 |
Thomas Browne |
15 Jan 1789 |
26 Dec 1871 |
82 |
12 Mar 1856 |
B |
1 |
Created Baron Kenmare 12 Mar 1856 |
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26 Dec 1871 |
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4 |
Valentine Augustus Browne |
16 May 1825 |
9 Feb 1905 |
79 |
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2 |
MP for Kerry 1852-1871. Lord Lieutenant |
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Kerry 1866-1905.
PC 1857 KP 1872 |
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9 Feb 1905 |
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5 |
Valentine Charles Browne |
1 Dec 1860 |
14 Nov 1941 |
80 |
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3 |
Lord Lieutenant Kerry 1905-1922 |
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14 Nov 1941 |
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6 |
Valentine Edward Charles Browne |
29 May 1891 |
20 Sep 1943 |
52 |
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4 |
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20 Sep 1943 |
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7 |
Gerald Ralph Desmond Browne |
20 Dec 1896 |
14 Feb 1952 |
55 |
to |
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5 |
Peerages extinct on his death |
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14 Feb 1952 |
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KENMURE |
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8 May 1633 |
V[S] |
1 |
Sir John Gordon,2nd baronet |
c 1600 |
12 Sep 1634 |
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Created Lord
Lochinvar and Viscount |
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of Kenmure 8 May 1633 |
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12 Sep 1634 |
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2 |
John Gordon |
10 Dec 1634 |
Aug 1639 |
4 |
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Aug 1639 |
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3 |
John Gordon |
1620 |
Oct 1643 |
23 |
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Oct 1643 |
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4 |
Robert Gordon |
Nov 1622 |
27 Feb 1663 |
40 |
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27 Feb 1663 |
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5 |
Alexander Gordon |
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20 Apr 1698 |
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20 Apr 1698 |
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6 |
William Gordon |
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24 Feb 1716 |
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to |
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He was attainted and the peerage forfeited |
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24 Feb 1716 |
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[24 Feb 1716] |
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Robert Gordon |
1714 |
10 Aug 1741 |
27 |
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[10 Aug 1741] |
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John Gordon |
1713 |
16 Jun 1769 |
55 |
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[16 Jun 1769] |
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William Gordon |
c 1748 |
7 Feb 1772 |
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[7 Feb 1772] |
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John Gordon |
1750 |
21 Sep 1840 |
90 |
17 Jun 1824 |
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7 |
Restored to the peerage 1824 |
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MP for Kirkcudbright 1784-1786 |
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21 Sep 1840 |
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8 |
Adam Gordon |
9 Jan 1792 |
1 Sep 1847 |
55 |
to |
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On his death the peerage became dormant |
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1 Sep 1847 |
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For further information on a claim made to these |
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peerages,see the note at the foot of this page |
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KENNEDY |
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c 1452 |
B[S] |
1 |
Gilbert Kennedy |
c 1406 |
c 1480 |
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Created Lord Kennedy c 1452 |
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c 1480 |
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2 |
John Kennedy |
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1508 |
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1508 |
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3 |
David Kennedy |
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9 Sep 1513 |
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He was
created Earl of Cassillis (qv) |
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c 1509 with which title this peerage then |
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merged |
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KENNEDY OF CRADLEY |
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19 Sep 2013 |
B[L] |
1 |
Alicia Pamela Kennedy |
22 Mar 1969 |
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Created Baroness Kennnedy of Cradley for life |
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19 Sep 2013 |
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KENNEDY OF SOUTHWARK |
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21 Jun 2010 |
B[L] |
1 |
Roy Francis Kennedy |
9 Nov 1962 |
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Created Baron Kennedy of Southwark for |
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life 21 Jun 2010 |
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KENNEDY OF THE SHAWS |
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27 Oct 1997 |
B[L] |
1 |
Helena Ann Kennedy |
12 May 1950 |
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Created Baroness Kennedy of the Shaws |
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for life 27 Oct 1997 |
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KENNET |
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15 Jul 1935 |
B |
1 |
Sir Edward Hilton Young |
26 Mar 1879 |
11 Jul 1960 |
81 |
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Created Baron Kennet 15 Jul 1935 |
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MP for Norwich 1915-1923 and 1924-1929, |
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and Sevenoaks
1929-1935. Financial |
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Secretary to the Treasury 1921-1923. |
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Minister of Health 1931-1935. PC 1922 |
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11 Jul 1960 |
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2 |
Wayland Hilton Young |
2 Aug 1923 |
7 May 2009 |
85 |
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7 May 2009 |
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3 |
William Aldus Thoby Young |
24 May 1957 |
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KENNINGTON |
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27 Jul 1726 |
E |
1 |
William Augustus |
15 Apr 1721 |
31 Oct 1765 |
44 |
to |
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Created Baron of Alderney,Viscount |
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31 Oct 1765 |
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Trematon,Earl of Kennington,Marquess |
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of Berkhampstead and Duke of |
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Cumberland 27 Jul 1726 |
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Second son of George II. KG 1730 PC 1746 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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KENRY |
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12 Jun 1866 |
B |
1 |
Edwin Richard Wyndham Wyndham-Quin, |
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3rd Earl of Dunraven and Mount Earl |
19 May 1812 |
6 Oct 1871 |
59 |
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Created Baron Kenry 12 Jun 1866 |
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6 Oct 1871 |
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2 |
Windham Thomas Wyndham-Quin,4th Earl of |
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to |
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Dunraven and Mount Earl |
12 Feb 1841 |
14 Jun 1926 |
85 |
14 Jun 1926 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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KENSINGTON |
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24 Sep 1624 |
B |
1 |
Henry Rich |
19 Aug 1590 |
9 Mar 1649 |
58 |
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Created Baron Kensington 5 Mar 1623 |
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and Earl Holland 24 Sep1624 |
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See "Holland" |
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20 Jul 1776 |
B[I] |
1 |
William Edwardes |
c 1711 |
13 Dec 1801 |
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Created Baron Kensington 20 Jul 1776 |
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MP for Haverfordwest 1747-1784 and |
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1786-1801 |
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13 Dec 1801 |
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2 |
William Edwardes |
24 Apr 1777 |
10 Aug 1852 |
75 |
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MP for Haverfordwest 1802-1818 |
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10 Aug 1852 |
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3 |
William Edwardes |
3 Feb 1801 |
1 Jan 1872 |
70 |
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Lord Lieutenant Pembroke 1861-1872 |
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1 Jan 1872 |
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4 |
William Edwardes |
11 May 1835 |
7 Oct 1896 |
61 |
23 Mar 1886 |
B |
1 |
Created Baron Kensington 23 Mar 1886 |
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MP for Haverfordwest 1868-1885. Lord |
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Lieutenant Pembroke 1872-1896. PC 1880 |
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7 Oct 1896 |
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5 |
William Edwardes |
25 Jul 1868 |
24 Jun 1900 |
31 |
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2 |
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24 Jun 1900 |
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6 |
Hugh Edwardes |
3 Sep 1873 |
4 Mar 1938 |
64 |
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3 |
|
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4 Mar 1938 |
|
7 |
William Edwardes |
15 May 1904 |
19 Aug 1981 |
77 |
|
|
4 |
|
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19 Aug 1981 |
|
8 |
Hugh Ivor Edwardes |
24 Nov 1933 |
|
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5 |
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KENSWOOD |
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27 Jun 1951 |
B |
1 |
Ernest Albert Whitfield |
15 Sep 1887 |
21 Apr 1963 |
75 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Kenswood 27 Jun 1951 |
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|
|
Lord Kenswood was blind from his early 20s |
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21 Apr 1963 |
|
2 |
John Michael Howard Whitfield |
6 Apr 1930 |
2 Jul 2016 |
86 |
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2 Jul 2016 |
|
3 |
Michael Christopher Whitfield |
3 Jul 1955 |
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KENT |
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1067 |
E |
1 |
Odo,Bishop of Bayeux |
c 1030 |
Feb 1097 |
|
to |
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|
Created Earl of Kent 1067 |
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|
May 1088 |
|
|
He was deprived of the peerage in May 1088 |
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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1141 |
E |
1 |
William de Ipres |
by 1115 |
24 Dec 1162 |
|
to |
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Created Earl of Kent 1141 |
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1155 |
|
|
He was deprived of the peerage in 1155 |
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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11 Feb 1227 |
E |
1 |
Hubert de Burgh |
c 1175 |
12 May 1243 |
|
to |
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|
Created Earl of Kent 11 Feb 1227 |
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12 May 1243 |
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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28 Jul 1321 |
E |
1 |
Edmund Plantagenet,Lord Woodstock |
5 Aug 1301 |
19 Mar 1330 |
28 |
to |
|
|
Created Earl of Kent 28 Jul 1321 |
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19 Mar 1330 |
|
|
5th son of Edward I |
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|
He was attainted and the peerage forfeited |
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1331 |
|
2 |
Edmund Plantagenet |
c 1328 |
1333 |
|
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|
Restored to the peerage 1331 |
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1333 |
|
3 |
John Plantagenet |
7 Apr 1330 |
27 Dec 1352 |
22 |
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27 Dec 1352 |
|
4 |
Joan Holand |
1331 |
8 Jul 1385 |
54 |
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She married - |
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20 Nov 1360 |
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1 |
Thomas de Holand |
|
28 Dec 1360 |
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Created Earl of Kent 20 Nov 1360 |
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KG 1348 |
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28 Dec 1360 |
|
2 |
Thomas de Holand |
1350 |
25 Apr 1397 |
46 |
|
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KG 1376 |
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25 Apr 1397 |
|
3 |
Thomas de
Holand,later [Sep 1397] 1st |
1374 |
6 Jan 1400 |
25 |
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|
Duke of Surrey |
|
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|
KG 1397 |
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|
6 Jan 1400 |
|
4 |
Edmund de Holand |
6 Jan 1384 |
18 Sep 1408 |
24 |
to |
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|
KG 1403 |
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18 Sep 1408 |
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
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|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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30 Jun 1461 |
E |
1 |
William Nevill |
|
9 Jan 1463 |
|
to |
|
|
Created Earl of Kent 30 Jun 1461 |
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9 Jan 1463 |
|
|
KG 1440 |
|
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|
Peerage extinct on his death |
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|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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20 May 1465 |
E |
1 |
Edmund Grey,4th Lord Grey de Ruthyn |
c 1420 |
22 May 1489 |
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|
Created Earl of Kent 20 May 1465 |
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22 May 1489 |
|
2 |
George Grey |
c 1460 |
21 Dec 1503 |
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21 Dec 1503 |
|
3 |
Richard Grey |
1481 |
3 May 1524 |
42 |
|
|
|
KG 1505 |
|
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3 May 1524 |
|
4 |
Henry Grey |
c 1495 |
24 Sep 1562 |
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24 Sep 1562 |
|
5 |
Reginald Grey |
|
17 Mar 1573 |
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17 Mar 1573 |
|
6 |
Henry Grey |
1541 |
31 Jan 1615 |
73 |
|
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Bedford 1587 |
|
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31 Jan 1615 |
|
7 |
Charles Grey |
c 1545 |
26 Sep 1623 |
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26 Sep 1623 |
|
8 |
Henry Grey |
c 1583 |
21 Nov 1639 |
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21 Nov 1639 |
|
9 |
Anthony Grey |
1557 |
9 Nov 1643 |
86 |
|
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|
9 Nov 1643 |
|
10 |
Henry Grey |
24 Nov 1594 |
28 May 1651 |
56 |
|
|
|
MP for Leicestershire 1640-1643. Lord |
|
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|
|
Lieutenant Rutland 1644 and Bedford 1646 |
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28 May 1651 |
|
11 |
Anthony Grey |
11 Jun 1645 |
19 Aug 1702 |
57 |
|
|
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|
|
19 Aug 1702 |
|
12 |
Henry Grey |
28 Sep 1671 |
5 Jun 1740 |
68 |
28 Apr 1710 |
D |
1 |
Created Viscount Goderich,Earl of |
|
|
|
to |
|
|
Harold and Marquess of Kent 14 Nov |
|
|
|
5 Jun 1740 |
|
|
1706,Duke of Kent 28 Apr 1710 and Marquess |
|
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|
|
Grey 19 May 1740 (qv) |
|
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|
|
Lord Privy Seal 1719-1720. Lord Lieutenant |
|
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|
|
Hampshire 1704-1715, Bedford 1711-1740, |
|
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|
|
Buckingham 1711-1712 and Herefordshire |
|
|
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|
|
1704-1714. PC 1704
KG 1712 |
|
|
|
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|
|
All
peerages (except the Marquessate of Grey) |
|
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|
|
extinct on his death |
|
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|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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|
24 Apr 1799 |
D |
1 |
Edward Augustus |
2 Nov 1767 |
23 Jan 1820 |
52 |
to |
|
|
Created Earl
of Dublin and Duke of |
|
|
|
23 Jan 1820 |
|
|
Kent and Strathearn 24 Apr 1799 |
|
|
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|
|
4th son of George III. KP 1783 KG 1786. |
|
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|
|
Governor of Gibraltar 1802-1820. PC 1799 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
For further information on this peer, see the |
|
|
|
|
|
|
note at the foot of this page. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
|
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|
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|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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|
|
24 May 1866 |
E |
1 |
Alfred Ernest Albert |
6 Aug 1844 |
30 Jul 1900 |
55 |
to |
|
|
Created Earl
of Ulster,Earl of Kent |
|
|
|
30 Jul 1900 |
|
|
and Duke of Edinburgh 24 May 1866 |
|
|
|
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|
|
KG 1863 KT 1864 PC 1866 KP 1880 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peerages extinct on his death |
|
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|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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|
|
12 Oct 1934 |
D |
1 |
H.R.H. George Edward Alexander Edmund |
20 Dec 1902 |
25 Aug 1942 |
39 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Downpatrick,Earl of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
St.Andrews and Duke of Kent |
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 Oct 1934 |
|
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|
|
4th son of George V.
KG 1923 KT 1935 |
|
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|
|
PC 1937 |
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|
|
25 Aug 1942 |
|
2 |
H.R.H. Edward George Nicholas Paul Patrick |
9 Oct 1935 |
|
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|
|
KG 1985 |
|
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|
KENYON |
|
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|
|
9 Jun 1788 |
B |
1 |
Sir Lloyd Kenyon,1st baronet |
5 Oct 1732 |
4 Apr 1802 |
69 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Kenyon 9 Jun 1788 |
|
|
|
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|
|
MP for Hindon 1780-1784 and Tregony 1784- |
|
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|
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|
|
1788.
Attorney General 1782-1783 and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1783-1784. Master of the Rolls 1784-1788. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chief Justice of the Kings Bench 1788-1804 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Flint 1796-1798 PC 1784 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 Apr 1802 |
|
2 |
George Kenyon |
22 Jul 1776 |
25 Feb 1855 |
78 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25 Feb 1855 |
|
3 |
Lloyd Kenyon |
1 Apr 1805 |
14 Jul 1869 |
64 |
|
|
|
MP for St.Michaels 1830-1832 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 Jul 1869 |
|
4 |
Lloyd Tyrell-Kenyon |
5 Jul 1864 |
30 Nov 1927 |
63 |
|
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Denbigh 1918-1927 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 Nov 1927 |
|
5 |
Lloyd Tyrell-Kenyon |
13 Sep 1917 |
16 May 1993 |
75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 May 1993 |
|
6 |
Lloyd Tyrell-Kenyon |
13 Jul 1947 |
17 Aug 2019 |
72 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17 Aug 2019 |
|
7 |
Lloyd Nicholas Tyrell-Kenyon |
19 Apr 1972 |
27 Dec 2023 |
51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27 Dec 2023 |
|
8 |
Alexander Simon Tyrell-Kenyon |
29 Nov 1975 |
|
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|
KEPPEL |
|
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|
22 Apr 1782 |
V |
1 |
Augustus Keppel |
2 Apr 1725 |
2 Jun 1786 |
61 |
to |
|
|
Created Viscount Keppel 22 Apr 1782 |
|
|
|
2 Jun 1786 |
|
|
MP for Chichester 1755-1761, Windsor |
|
|
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|
|
1761-1780 and Surrey 1780-1782. First Lord |
|
|
|
|
|
|
of the
Admiralty 1782-1783 and 1783. |
|
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|
|
PC 1782 |
|
|
|
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|
|
Peerage extinct on his death |
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|
|
KER OF CESSFURD AND CAVERTOUN |
|
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|
|
18 Sep 1616 |
B[S] |
1 |
Sir Robert Ker |
c 1570 |
18 Jan 1650 |
|
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|
|
Created Lord Roxburghe 29 Dec 1599 |
|
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|
|
and Lord Ker of
Cessfurd and |
|
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|
|
Cavertoun and Earl of Roxburghe |
|
|
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|
|
18 Sep 1616 |
|
|
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|
|
See "Roxburghe" |
|
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|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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|
|
25 Apr 1707 |
B[S] |
1 |
John Ker |
c 1680 |
24 Feb 1741 |
|
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|
|
Created Lord Ker of Cessfurd and |
|
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|
|
Cavertoun,Viscount of Broxmouth, |
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|
|
Earl of Kelso,Marquess of Bowmont |
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|
|
and Cessfurd and Duke of Roxburghe |
|
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|
|
25 Apr 1707 |
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|
|
See "Roxburghe" |
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|
KER OF KERSHEUGH |
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|
|
17 Jul 1821 |
B |
1 |
William Kerr,6th Marquess of Lothian |
4 Oct 1763 |
27 Apr 1824 |
60 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Ker of Kersheugh |
|
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|
17 Jul 1821 |
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|
See "Lothian" |
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|
|
KER OF NISBET |
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|
24 Jun 1633 |
B[S] |
1 |
Robert Carr |
1578 |
1654 |
76 |
|
|
|
Created Lord Kerr of Nisbet, |
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|
|
Langnewtoun and Dolphinstoun and |
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|
|
Earl of Ancram 24 Jun 1633 |
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|
See "Ancram" |
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|
KER OF WAKEFIELD |
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24 May 1722 |
E |
1 |
Robert Ker,later [1741] 2nd Duke of Roxburgh |
c 1709 |
23 Aug 1755 |
|
|
|
|
Created Baron Ker and Earl Ker of |
|
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|
|
Wakefield 24 May 1722 |
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|
|
See "Roxburghe" - peerages extinct 1804 |
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|
KEREN |
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|
1 May 1947 |
V |
1 |
Archibald Percival Wavell,1st Viscount Wavell |
5 May 1883 |
24 May 1950 |
67 |
|
|
|
Created Viscount Keren and Earl Wavell |
|
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|
|
1 May 1947 |
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|
|
See "Wavell" |
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|
KERR OF KINLOCHARD |
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|
|
30 Jun 2004 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir John Olav Kerr |
22 Feb 1942 |
|
|
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|
|
Created Baron Kerr of Kinlochard for life |
|
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|
30 Jun 2004 |
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|
KERR OF MONTEVIOT |
|
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|
22 Nov 2010 |
B[L] |
1 |
Michael Andrew Foster Jude Kerr,13th Marquess |
|
|
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|
|
of Lothian |
7 Jul 1945 |
|
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|
|
Created Baron Kerr of Monteviot for life |
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|
22 Nov 2010 |
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KERR OF NEWBOTTLE |
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23 Jun 1701 |
B[S] |
1 |
Robert Kerr |
8 Mar 1636 |
15 Feb 1703 |
66 |
|
|
|
Created Lord Kerr of Newbottle, |
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|
|
Viscount of Briene,Earl of Ancram and |
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|
Marquess of Lothian 23 Jun 1701 |
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|
See "Lothian" |
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KERR OF TONAGHMORE |
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29 Jun 2009 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Brian Francis Kerr |
22 Feb 1948 |
1 Dec 2020 |
72 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Kerr of Tonaghmore for life |
|
|
|
1 Dec 2020 |
|
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29 Jun 2009 |
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Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland 2004-2009 |
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Lord of Appeal
in Ordinary 2009 Justice of the |
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Supreme Court 2009- PC 2003 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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KERDESTON |
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27 Jan 1332 |
B |
1 |
Roger de Kerdeston |
c 1273 |
1 Jul 1337 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Kerdeston 27 Jan 1332 |
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1 Jul 1337 |
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2 |
William de Kerdeston |
1307 |
14 Oct 1361 |
54 |
to |
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On his death the peerage fell into abeyance |
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14 Oct 1361 |
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KERRY |
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c 1223 |
B[I] |
1 |
Thomas Fitzmaurice |
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c 1260 |
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Created Baron of Kerry c 1223 |
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c 1260 |
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2 |
Maurice Fitzthomas Fitzmaurice |
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1303 |
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1303 |
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3 |
Nicholas Fitzmaurice |
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1324 |
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1324 |
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4 |
Maurice Fitzmaurice |
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Oct 1339 |
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Oct 1339 |
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5 |
John Fitzmaurice |
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1348 |
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1348 |
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6 |
Maurice Fitzmaurice |
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1398 |
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1398 |
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7 |
Patrick Fitzmaurice |
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c 1410 |
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c 1410 |
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8 |
Thomas Fitzmaurice |
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1469 |
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1469 |
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9 |
Edmond Fitzmaurice |
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1498 |
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1498 |
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10 |
Edmond Fitzmaurice |
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1543 |
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He resigned the peerage in favour of - |
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c 1535 |
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11 |
Edmond Fitzmaurice |
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1541 |
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Created Baron Odorney and Viscount |
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Kilmaule 1537 |
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1541 |
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12 |
Patrick Fitzmaurice |
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1547 |
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1547 |
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13 |
Thomas Fitzmaurice |
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1549 |
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1549 |
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14 |
Edmond Fitzmaurice |
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1549 |
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1549 |
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15 |
Gerard Fitzmaurice |
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1 Aug 1550 |
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1 Aug 1550 |
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16 |
Thomas Fitzmaurice |
c 1502 |
16 Dec 1590 |
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16 Dec 1590 |
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17 |
Patrick Fitzthomas Fitzmaurice |
c 1541 |
12 Aug 1600 |
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12 Aug 1600 |
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18 |
Thomas Fitzmaurice |
1574 |
3 Jun 1630 |
55 |
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3 Jun 1630 |
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19 |
Patrick Fitzmaurice |
1595 |
5 Jan 1661 |
65 |
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5 Jan 1661 |
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20 |
William Fitzmaurice |
1633 |
Mar 1697 |
63 |
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Mar 1697 |
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21 |
Thomas Fitzmaurice |
1668 |
16 Mar 1741 |
72 |
17 Jan 1723 |
E[I] |
1 |
Created
Viscount Clanmaurice and |
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Earl of Kerry 17 Jan 1723 |
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PC [I] by 1711 |
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16 Mar 1741 |
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2 |
William Fitzmaurice |
2 Mar 1694 |
4 Apr 1747 |
53 |
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PC [I] 1746 |
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4 Apr 1747 |
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3 |
Francis Thomas Fitzmaurice |
9 Sep 1740 |
4 Jul 1818 |
77 |
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4 Jul 1818 |
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4 |
Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice |
2 Jul 1780 |
31 Jan 1863 |
82 |
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He had previously succeeded to the Marquessate |
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of Lansdowne (qv) in 1809 with which title this |
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peerage then merged and so remains |
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KERSHAW |
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20 Jan 1947 |
B |
1 |
Fred Kershaw |
6 Nov 1881 |
5 Feb 1961 |
79 |
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Created Baron Kershaw 20 Jan 1947 |
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5 Feb 1961 |
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2 |
Herbert Kershaw |
21 Aug 1904 |
18 Jul 1961 |
56 |
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18 Jul 1961 |
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3 |
Edward Aubrey Kershaw |
29 Aug 1906 |
22 Feb 1962 |
55 |
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22 Feb 1962 |
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4 |
Edward John Kershaw |
12 May 1936 |
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KERSLAKE |
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17 Mar 2015 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Robert Walker Kerslake |
28 Feb 1955 |
1 Jul 2023 |
68 |
to |
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Created Baron Kerslake for life 17 Mar 2015 |
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1 Jul 2023 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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KESTENBAUM |
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24 Jan 2011 |
B[L] |
1 |
Jonathan Andrew Kestenbaum |
5 Aug 1959 |
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Created Baron
Kestenbaum for life |
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24 Jan 2011 |
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KESTEVEN |
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15 Apr 1868 |
B |
1 |
Sir John Trollope,7th baronet |
5 May 1800 |
17 Dec 1874 |
74 |
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Created Baron Kesteven 15 Apr 1868 |
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MP for
Lincolnshire South 1841-1868. |
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Chief Commissioner of the Poor Law Board |
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1852. PC 1852 |
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17 Dec 1874 |
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2 |
John Henry Trollope |
22 Sep 1851 |
23 Jul 1915 |
63 |
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23 Jul 1915 |
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3 |
Thomas Carew Trollope |
1 May 1891 |
5 Nov 1915 |
24 |
to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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5 Nov 1915 |
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KEYES |
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22 Jan 1943 |
B |
1 |
Sir Roger John Brownlow Keyes,1st baronet |
4 Oct 1872 |
26 Dec 1945 |
73 |
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Created Baron Keyes 22 Jan 1943 |
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MP for
Portsmouth North 1934-1943. |
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Admiral of the Fleet 1930 |
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For information on his son,Geoffrey Charles Tasker |
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Keyes VC,see the note at the foot of this page |
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26 Dec 1945 |
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2 |
Roger George Bowlby Keyes |
14 Mar 1919 |
4 Mar 2005 |
85 |
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4 Mar 2005 |
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3 |
Charles William Packe Keyes |
8 Dec 1951 |
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KEYNES |
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6 Jul 1942 |
B |
1 |
John Maynard Keynes |
5 Jun 1883 |
21 Apr 1946 |
62 |
to |
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Created Baron Keynes 6 Jul 1942 |
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21 Apr 1946 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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KHAN OF BURNLEY |
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4 Feb 2021 |
B[L] |
1 |
Wajid Iltaf Khan |
15 Oct 1979 |
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Created Baron Khan of Burnley for life 4 Feb 2021 |
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KIDRON |
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26 Jun 2012 |
B[L] |
1 |
Beeban Kidron |
2 May 1961 |
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Created Baroness Kidron for life 26 Jun 2012 |
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KILBIRNY AND DRUMRY |
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10 Apr 1703 |
B[S] |
1 |
John Lindsay-Crawford |
12 May 1669 |
24 Dec 1708 |
39 |
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Created Lord Kilbirny,Kingsburn and Drumry, |
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and Viscount of Mount Crawford 10 Apr 1703. |
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These titles were altered,26 Nov 1703,to |
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Lord
Kilbirny and Drumry,and Viscount of |
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Garnock |
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See "Garnock" |
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KILBRACKEN |
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8 Dec 1909 |
B |
1 |
Sir John Arthur Godley |
17 Jun 1847 |
27 Jun 1932 |
85 |
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Created Baron Kilbracken 8 Dec 1909 |
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27 Jun 1932 |
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2 |
Hugh John Godley |
12 Jun 1877 |
13 Oct 1950 |
73 |
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13 Oct 1950 |
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3 |
John Raymond Godley |
17 Oct 1920 |
14 Aug 2006 |
85 |
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14 Aug 2006 |
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4 |
Christopher John Godley |
1 Jan 1945 |
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KILBRANDON |
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4 Oct 1971 |
B[L] |
1 |
Charles James Dalrymple Shaw |
15 Aug 1906 |
10 Sep 1989 |
83 |
to |
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Created Baron Kilbrandon for life 4 Oct 1971 |
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10 Sep 1989 |
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Lord of Appeal in Ordinary 1971-1977 |
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PC 1971 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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KILCLOONEY |
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17 Jul 2001 |
B[L] |
1 |
John David Taylor |
24 Dec 1937 |
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Created Baron Kilclooney for life 17 Jul 2001 |
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MP for Strangford 1983-2001. PC [NI] 1971 |
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KILCONNEL |
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25 Nov 1797 |
B[I] |
1 |
William Power Keating Trench |
1741 |
27 Apr 1805 |
63 |
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Created Baron Kilconnel 25 Nov 1797, |
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Viscount Dunlo 3 Jan 1801 and Earl of |
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Clancarty 12 Feb 1803 |
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See "Clancarty" |
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KILCOURSIE |
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1 Apr 1647 |
V[I] |
1 |
Charles Lambart,2nd Baron Cavan |
Mar 1600 |
25 Jun 1660 |
60 |
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Created
Viscount Kilcoursie and Earl |
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of Cavan 1 Apr 1647 |
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See "Cavan" |
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KILCULLEN |
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Sep 1535 |
B[I] |
1 |
Sir Thomas Eustace |
c 1480 |
31 Jul 1549 |
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Created Baron Kilcullen Sep 1535 and |
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Viscount Baltinglass 29 Jun 1541 |
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See "Baltinglass" |
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KILDARE |
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14 Mar 1316 |
E[I] |
1 |
John FitzThomas FitzGerald,7th Lord FitzGerald |
c 1250 |
10 Sep 1316 |
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of Offaly |
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Created Earl of Kildare 14 Mar 1316 |
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10 Sep 1316 |
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2 |
Thomas FitzJohn FitzGerald |
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9 Apr 1328 |
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Lord Justice of Ireland 1320-1321 and |
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1326-1328 |
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9 Apr 1328 |
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3 |
Richard FitzThomas FitzGerald |
1317 |
7 Jul 1329 |
12 |
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7 Jul 1329 |
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4 |
Maurice FitzThomas FitzGerald |
1318 |
25 Aug 1390 |
72 |
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25 Aug 1390 |
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5 |
Gerald FitzMaurice FitzGerald |
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1410 |
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1410 |
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6 |
John FitzGerald |
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17 Oct 1427 |
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17 Oct 1427 |
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7 |
Thomas FitzGerald |
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25 Mar 1477 |
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Lord Justice of Ireland 1460-1461 and 1468- |
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1475. Lord Chancellor of Ireland 1463-1467 |
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Lord Deputy of Ireland 1471-1475 |
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25 Mar 1477 |
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8 |
Gerald FitzGerald |
c 1456 |
3 Sep 1513 |
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Lord Justice or Lord Deputy of Ireland |
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1477-1513. KG 1505 |
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3 Sep 1513 |
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9 |
Gerald FitzGerald |
1487 |
13 Dec 1534 |
47 |
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13 Dec 1534 |
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10 |
Thomas FitzGerald |
1513 |
3 Feb 1537 |
23 |
to |
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He was attainted and the peerage forfeited |
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1 May 1536 |
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For further information on this peer,see the |
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note at the foot of this page |
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13 May 1554 |
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1 |
Gerald FitzGerald |
28 Feb 1525 |
16 Nov 1585 |
60 |
23 Feb 1569 |
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11 |
Created Baron Offaly and Earl of |
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Kildare 13 May 1554 |
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Restored to the
original Earldom |
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23 Feb 1569 |
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For further information on this peer,see the |
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note at the foot of this page |
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16 Nov 1585 |
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2 |
Henry FitzGerald |
1562 |
30 Sep 1597 |
35 |
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12 |
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30 Sep 1597 |
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3 |
William FitzGerald |
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Apr 1599 |
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13 |
On his death the Earldom of 1554 became |
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extinct, whilst the original Earldom |
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passed to - |
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Apr 1599 |
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14 |
Gerald FitzGerald |
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11 Feb 1612 |
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11 Feb 1612 |
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15 |
Gerald FitzGerald |
26 Dec 1611 |
11 Nov 1620 |
8 |
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11 Nov 1620 |
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16 |
George FitzGerald |
23 Jan 1612 |
1660 |
48 |
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1660 |
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17 |
Wentworth FitzGerald |
1634 |
5 Mar 1664 |
29 |
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MP for East Retford 1660-1661 |
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5 Mar 1664 |
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18 |
John FitzGerald |
c 1661 |
9 Nov 1707 |
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MP for Tregony 1694-1695 |
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9 Nov 1707 |
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19 |
Robert FitzGerald |
4 May 1675 |
20 Feb 1744 |
68 |
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PC [I] 1710 |
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20 Feb 1744 |
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20 |
James FitzGerald |
29 May 1722 |
19 Nov 1773 |
51 |
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Created Viscount Leinster 21 Feb 1747, |
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Earl of Offaly and Marquess of |
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Kildare 3 Mar
1761 and Duke of |
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Leinster 26 Nov 1766 |
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See "Leinster" |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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3 May 1870 |
B |
1 |
Charles
William FitzGerald,later [1874] 4th |
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Duke of Leinster |
30 Mar 1819 |
10 Feb 1887 |
67 |
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Created Baron Kildare 3 May 1870 |
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See "Leinster" |
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KILKEEL |
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16 Jul 2018 |
B |
1 |
HRH Henry Charles Albert David |
15 Sep 1984 |
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Created Baron Kilkeel, Earl of Dumbarton |
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and Duke of Sussex 19 May 2018 |
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See "Sussex" |
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KILKENNY |
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20 Dec 1793 |
E[I] |
1 |
Edmund Butler,12th Viscount Mountgarret |
6 Jan 1771 |
16 Jul 1846 |
75 |
to |
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Created Earl of Kilkenny 20 Dec 1793 |
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16 Jul 1846 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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KILLANIN |
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15 Jun 1900 |
B |
1 |
Sir Michael Morris,1st baronet |
14 Nov 1826 |
8 Sep 1901 |
74 |
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Created Baron Morris of Spiddal for life 5 Dec |
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1889 and Baron Killanin 15 Jun 1900 |
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PC 1889 |
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8 Sep 1901 |
|
2 |
Martin Henry Fitzpatrick Morris |
22 Jul 1867 |
11 Aug 1927 |
60 |
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MP for Galway 1900-1901. Lord Lieutenant |
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Galway 1918-1922.
PC [I] 1920 |
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11 Aug 1927 |
|
3 |
Michael Morris |
30 Jul 1914 |
25 Apr 1999 |
84 |
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25 Apr 1999 |
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4 |
George Redmond Fitzpatrick Morris |
26 Jan 1947 |
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KILLARD |
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17 Jul 1727 |
B[I] |
1 |
John Monckton |
1695 |
15 Jul 1751 |
56 |
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Created Baron of Killard and Viscount |
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Galway 17 Jul 1727 |
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See "Galway" |
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KILLARNEY |
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24 May 1892 |
D |
1 |
H R H George Frederick Ernest Albert |
3 Jun 1865 |
20 Jan 1936 |
70 |
to |
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Created
Duke of York, Earl of Inverness |
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6 May 1910 |
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and Baron Killarney 24 May 1892 |
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Second son
of Edward VII. KG 1884 |
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KT 1893 KP 1897 |
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He
succeeded to the throne as George V |
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in 1910 when the peerage merged with the |
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Crown |
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------------------------------------------------- |
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3 Jun 1920 |
B |
1 |
H R H Albert Frederick Arthur George |
14 Dec 1895 |
6 Feb 1952 |
56 |
to |
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Created Baron Killarney,Earl of |
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11 Dec 1936 |
|
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Inverness and Duke of York 3 Jun 1920 |
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He succeeded to the throne as George VI |
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on 11 Dec 1936 when the peerages merged |
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with the Crown |
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KILLEARN |
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17 May 1943 |
B |
1 |
Sir Miles Wedderburn Lampson |
24 Aug 1880 |
18 Sep 1964 |
84 |
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|
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Created Baron Killearn 17 May 1943 |
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PC 1941 |
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18 Sep 1964 |
|
2 |
Graham Curtis Lampson |
28 Oct 1919 |
27 Jul 1996 |
76 |
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27 Jul 1996 |
|
3 |
Victor Miles George Aldous Lampson |
9 Sep 1941 |
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KILLEEN |
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c 1426 |
B[I] |
1 |
Christopher Plunkett |
|
1445 |
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Created Baron Killeen c 1426 |
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1445 |
|
2 |
Christopher Plunkett |
|
1462 |
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1462 |
|
3 |
Christopher Plunkett |
1440 |
c 1469 |
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c 1469 |
|
4 |
Edmond Plunkett |
c 1450 |
15 Aug 1510 |
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15 Aug 1510 |
|
5 |
John Plunkett |
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19 Mar 1550 |
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19 Mar 1550 |
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6 |
Patrick Plunkett |
1521 |
c 1556 |
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c 1556 |
|
7 |
Christopher Plunkett |
|
c 1567 |
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c 1567 |
|
8 |
James Plunkett |
by 1542 |
13 Jan 1595 |
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13 Jan 1595 |
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9 |
Christopher Plunkett |
1564 |
12 Oct 1613 |
49 |
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12 Oct 1613 |
|
10 |
Luke Plunkett |
1589 |
29 Mar 1637 |
47 |
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|
He was
created Earl of Fingall (qv) in |
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1628 with which title this peerage then |
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merged |
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KILLULTAGH |
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15 Mar 1627 |
V[I] |
1 |
Edward Conway |
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3 Feb 1631 |
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Created Baron Conway 24 Mar 1624, |
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Viscount Killultagh 15 Mar 1627 and |
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Viscount Conway 26 Jun 1627 |
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See "Conway" |
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KILLYLEAGH |
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23 Jul 1986 |
B |
1 |
Andrew Albert Christian Edward |
19 Feb 1960 |
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Created Baron Killyleagh,Earl of |
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Inverness and Duke of York 23 Jul 1986 |
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KILMAINE |
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8 Feb 1722 |
B[I] |
1 |
James O'Hara |
1682 |
14 Jul 1773 |
91 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Kilmaine 8 Feb 1722 |
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14 Jul 1773 |
|
|
He
succeeded as 2nd Baron Tyrawley (qv) |
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in 1724 - both peerages extinct on his death |
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|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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21 Sep 1789 |
B[I] |
1 |
Sir John Browne,7th baronet |
1730 |
7 Jun 1794 |
63 |
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Created Baron Kilmaine 21 Sep 1789 |
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7 Jun 1794 |
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2 |
James Caulfeild Browne |
16 Mar 1765 |
23 May 1825 |
60 |
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23 May 1825 |
|
3 |
John Cavendish Browne |
11 Jun 1794 |
13 Jan 1873 |
78 |
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13 Jan 1873 |
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4 |
Francis William Browne |
24 Mar 1843 |
9 Nov 1907 |
64 |
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For further information on the death of this peer, |
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|
see the note at the foot of this page |
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9 Nov 1907 |
|
5 |
John Edward Deane Browne |
18 Mar 1878 |
27 Aug 1946 |
68 |
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|
For further information on the death of this peer, |
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|
see the note at the foot of this page |
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27 Aug 1946 |
|
6 |
John Francis Archibald Browne |
22 Sep 1902 |
26 Jul 1978 |
75 |
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26 Jul 1978 |
|
7 |
John David Henry Browne |
2 Apr 1948 |
12 Jan 2013 |
64 |
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12 Jan 2013 |
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8 |
John Francis Sandford Browne |
4 Apr 1983 |
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KILMANY |
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2 Jun 1966 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir William John St.Clair Anstruther-Gray, |
|
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to |
|
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1st baronet |
5 Mar 1905 |
6 Aug 1985 |
80 |
6 Aug 1985 |
|
|
Created Baron Kilmany for life 2 Jun 1966 |
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MP for Lanark
North 1931-1945 and |
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Berwick and East Lothian 1951-1966. Lord |
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Lieutenant Fife 1975-1980. PC 1962 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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KILMARNOCK |
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7 Aug 1661 |
E[S] |
1 |
William Boyd,10th Lord Boyd |
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Mar 1692 |
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Created Earl of Kilmarnock 7 Aug 1661 |
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Mar 1692 |
|
2 |
William Boyd |
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20 May 1692 |
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20 May 1692 |
|
3 |
William Boyd |
c 1684 |
Sep 1717 |
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Sep 1717 |
|
4 |
William Boyd |
12 May 1704 |
18 Aug 1746 |
42 |
to |
|
|
He was attainted and the peerage forfeited |
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|
18 Aug 1746 |
|
|
For further information on this peer,see the |
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|
note at the foot of this page |
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|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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|
17 Jun 1831 |
B |
1 |
William George Hay,18th Earl of Erroll |
21 Feb 1801 |
19 Apr 1846 |
65 |
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Created Baron Kilmarnock 17 Jun 1831 |
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19 Apr 1846 |
|
2 |
William Harry Hay,19th Earl of Erroll |
3 May 1823 |
3 Dec 1891 |
68 |
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3 Dec 1891 |
|
3 |
Charles Gore Hay,20th Earl of Erroll |
7 Feb 1852 |
8 Jul 1927 |
75 |
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8 Jul 1927 |
|
4 |
Victor Alexander Sereld Hay,21st Earl of Erroll |
17 Oct 1876 |
20 Feb 1928 |
51 |
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20 Feb 1928 |
|
5 |
Josslyn Victor Hay,22nd Earl of Erroll |
11 May 1901 |
24 Jan 1941 |
39 |
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24 Jan 1941 |
|
6 |
Gilbert Allan Rowland Boyd |
15 Jan 1903 |
15 May 1975 |
72 |
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15 May 1975 |
|
7 |
Alastair Ivor Gilbert Boyd |
11 May 1927 |
19 Mar 2009 |
81 |
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19 Mar 2009 |
|
8 |
Robin Jordan Boyd |
6 Jun 1941 |
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Joseph Kagan, Baron Kagan |
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Kagan was born in Lithuania and was later sent
by his father to Leeds University, where he took |
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a degree in commerce. When he was visiting
Lithuania, World War II broke out and he was |
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interned for the duration. After the war had
ended, he was able to return to England. He took |
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a
job as a salesman at Elland in Yorkshire, to where his father had transferred
part of his |
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business. |
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Kagan made his fortune with a cloth called
Gannex, in which air was sealed between nylon and |
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wool linings to create a lightweight fabric
that was also warm and waterproof. Prime Minister |
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Harold Wilson wore a Gannex raincoat on a visit
to Russia in 1966, with the result that Gannex |
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received wide publicity. In the same year, Kagan was able to
persuade the Duke of Edinburgh's |
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valet to order a Gannex coat from Harrods,
which immediately placed a large order. |
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To capitalise on Wilson's patronage, Kagan
became a major contributor to the Labour Party. He |
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was
rewarded by being created, firstly, a knight in 1970 and subsequently a life
peer in Wilson's |
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resignation honours list of 1976 - the infamous
"Lavender List". |
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In early 1980, Kagan, along with other members
of his family, was charged with conspiracy to |
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defraud
the Inland Revenue between June 1974 and December 1978. He was further
charged |
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with
the theft of 239 drums of indigo dye powder and falsification of documents.
Kagan fled the |
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country, initially seeking asylum in Israel,
claiming he had been the victim of British anti- |
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semitism.
Israel turned him away, so he next tried Spain, which, at that time, had
no |
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extradition
treaty with the UK. On 8 April 1980, he was arrested while on a trip to
Paris, having |
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apparently
been informed upon by a disaffected mistress. |
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He was extradited to the UK on 31 July 1980. He
pleaded guilty to the theft and falsification of |
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documents
charges and, on 12 December 1980 was sentenced to 10 months in prison.
His |
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company was left to find Ł1.1 million in fines,
tax liabilities and costs. |
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In
April 1981, he was stripped of the knighthood granted to him in 1970, but
kept the life |
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peerage,
since to remove it would have required an Act of Parliament. In June 1981,
Kagan was |
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released, describing his imprisonment as
"a fascinating experience which I am glad not to have |
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missed."
He immediately returned to the House of Lords, declaring that "I do not
feel disgraced |
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in any way." |
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According to Rubinstein's "Biographical
Dictionary of Life Peers", Kagan's father died in 1988 at |
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the age of 109, the second oldest man in
England at the time of his death. |
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The special remainder to the Barony of Keith
created in 1797 |
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From the "London Gazette" of 28 March
1797 (issue 13997, page 299):- |
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"Letters Patent have been passed under the
Great Seal of this Kingdom, containing a Grant of |
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the Dignity of a Baron of His Majesty's Kingdom
of Ireland unto Sir George Keith Elphinstone, |
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Knight of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath,
and Vice-Admiral of the Blue Squadron of His |
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Majesty's Fleet, and to the Heirs Male of his
Body, by the Name, Style and Title of Baron Keith, |
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of
Stonehaven Marrischal, with Remainder (in Default of lssue Male) to Margaret
Mercer |
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Elphinstone, only Daughter of the said Sir
George Keith Elphinstone, and to the Heirs Male of her |
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Body." |
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The special remainder to the Barony of Keith
created in 1803 |
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From the "London Gazette" of 6
September 1803 (issue 15618, page 1179):- |
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"The King has been pleased to grant the
Dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great |
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Britain and Ireland to the Right Honorable
George Keith, Baron Keith of Stonehaven Marischal, in |
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the County of Kincardine, Knight of the Most
Honorable Order of the Bath, and Admiral of the |
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Blue Squadron of His Majesty's Fleet, and to
the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the |
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Name, Style, and Title of Baron Keith, of
Banlieath, in the County of Dumbarton; and in Default |
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of such Issue, the Dignity of a Baroness to
Margaret Mercer Elphinstone, only Daughter of the |
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said Baron Keith, and the Dignity of a Baron to
the Heirs Male of her Body lawfully begotten." |
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Francis Archibald Douglas, Baron Kelhead |
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Francis
Douglas was the eldest son of the 9th Marquess of Queensberry. Until 1893,
Douglas |
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was
known by the courtesy title of Viscount Drumlanrig. As a young man, he was a
lieutenant in |
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the Coldstream Guards. |
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In
1892, William Gladstone became Prime Minister for the fourth and last time.
The Foreign |
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Secretary
in his administration was Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery. Rumours
abound as |
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to
Rosebery's sexuality; although married with four children, it was often
rumoured that he was |
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bisexual. Whatever the truth of these rumours,
there is no doubt that he made Francis Douglas |
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his
protégé. He was introduced to Rosebery around 1892 and, in spite of any
obvious |
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qualifications,
Rosebery appointed him to be his private secretary. Seeking to advance his
young |
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friend, Rosebery obtained for him the position
of a Lord-in-Waiting to Queen Victoria. To qualify |
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for this role, Francis needed to be a peer in
his own right and he was accordingly created Baron |
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Kelhead in June 1893. |
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Francis' father, the hot-headed Marquess of
Queensberry and later bane of Oscar Wilde, was |
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furious when his son was given entry into the
House of Lords. Because Queensberry held no |
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English titles, he had to rely upon being
elected as a representative peer of Scotland in order |
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to sit in the Lords. Although he had been a
representative peer between 1872 and 1880, his |
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fellow peers declined to re-elect him in 1880,
due to his publicly professed atheism. Between |
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1880 and 1893, Queensberry found himself
embroiled in a number of scandals, further details |
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of which can be found at the foot of the page
containing details of his peerage. When he |
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heard of Rosebery's plan to elevate his son to
the House of Lords, his reaction was typically |
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violent. He wrote angry letters to Gladstone
and Rosebery. He even wrote to the Queen, |
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complaining of Rosebery's 'bad influence' on
his son, which was probably an oblique accusation |
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of homosexuality. |
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Soon after Francis' promotion, the Marquess
pursued Rosebery to Bad Homburg in Germany |
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where Rosebery was holidaying with the Prince
of Wales. Queensberry, armed with a dog |
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whip, was found lurking near Rosebery's hotel
and the next day the local police chief was able |
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to
report to Rosebery that Queensberry had 'found it advisable to depart this
morning with |
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the 7 o'clock train for Paris.' However, news
of the attempted assault started tongues wagging |
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about
the nature of the relationship between Rosebery and Lord Kelhead. |
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During the summer of 1894, Francis became
engaged to a young woman named Alix Ellis. In |
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October of that year, he accepted an invitation
for a weekend's shooting at Quantock Lodge, |
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near Bridgwater, the home of Alix's uncle,
Edward Stanley (MP for Somerset West 1882-1885 |
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and Bridgwater 1885-1906). On 19 October, while
out with his fellow shooters, he went into |
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the next field. After a few minutes, his
companions heard a shot and, hurrying into the field, |
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found Francis dead from a gunshot wound. At the
subsequent inquest, the coroner recorded |
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a verdict of accidental death, although public
opinion was widely in favour of suicide. |
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Having lost one son in circumstances surrounded
by rumours of homosexuality, it is possible |
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that Queensberry was determined not to lose
another, which may explain his implacable |
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persecution of Oscar Wilde six months later. |
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Anne,
wife of Thomas Erskine, 9th Earl of Kellie, and Joanna, wife of Methven |
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Erskine, 10th Earl of Kellie |
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The following romantic histories of two of the
Countesses of Kellie are taken from, firstly, |
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"Chapters from Family Chests" by
Edward Walford [2 vols, Hurst and Blackett, London 1886]:- |
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'It is not often that a coronet passes over
sixteen or seventeen intervening heads to light upon |
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that of a person eighteenth in remainder. Yet
such an event happened in the middle of last |
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century in the noble Scottish house of Erskine,
which enjoys, among other honours, the earldom |
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of
Kellie. If anybody will be at pains of turning to the pages of Sharpe's
Peerage, he will see |
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that, while Mr. Methven Erskine was married to
Joanna, daughter of Gordon of Ardoch, in Ross- |
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shire,
his brother Thomas was also married to that lady's sister Anne. He will also
see that both |
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of these gentlemen outlived their seniors, and
became Earls of Kellie, and that their respective |
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ladies
also lived to become countesses. 'Marriage,' they say, 'are made in heaven,'
but, as these |
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two unions came about through a shipwreck, the
truth of the statement may be doubted. |
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'The
Castle of Ardoch stands perched on a rock high above the waves of the German
Ocean |
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[i.e. the North Sea], on a headland somewhere
between Turbat and Fortrose. The owner of this |
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domain (Mr. Adam Gordon) in one of the last
years of the reign of George II, or soon after the |
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accession of George III, was walking late one
evening in his grounds, when he heard a gun fired |
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as a signal of distress by a vessel in the
offing. It was a very stormy night, and he knew that |
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there was little chance for a good ship which
got near the rocks of that headland when a strong |
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east wind was blowing. He called his servants
and tenants, however, and hastened down a cleft |
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in the rocks to the beach, but no traces of the
ill-fated vessel were to be found, except a few |
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broken
spars and some small fragments of timber floating hither and thither upon the
waves. |
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These
they tried to collect as they came to the shore, and among other wreckage was
a sort |
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of tiny crib of wicker-work, inside of which
was a female infant, alive, in spite of the cold and |
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wet to which she had been exposed. It was the
work of a few moments to rescue the little |
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stranger, thrown, like a second Undine, upon a
strange shore. [Undine is a figure from German |
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mythology, a water nymph who has been often
used as a motif in art, music and literature, |
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notably by Debussy, Hoffman and Tchaikovsky] |
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'From the clothes wrapped round its tiny body
it was clear to Mr. Gordon that she was a child |
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of
parents of no low condition; but there was in her clothing no clue as to who
or what her |
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parents might be, nor was there anything to
show the name of the vessel thus lost and |
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swallowed up by the waves. |
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'It was a matter of course to a hospitable
Scottish heart like that of Mr. Gordon to take the |
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little foundling home and have her wants
attended to by his wife and daughters. He doubtless |
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supposed, and at first probably hoped, that ere
long the little waif of the sea foam would be |
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claimed; and in the meantime the latter was
reared with his own children, who were young |
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and who came soon to regard her as a sister. |
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'Years passed by, and the little foundling was
growing up to womanhood, and was endearing |
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herself more and more to all the members of the
Ardoch family, when one wintry and stormy |
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evening another alarm gun was fired by a vessel
in distress off the same cliffs. 'History,' they |
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say, 'repeats itself,' and it would seem
occasionally in trifling as well as in important matters. |
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Mr. Gordon hastened down to the beach, as he
had done some sixteen years before, just in |
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time
to witness another shipwreck. The vessel went to pieces on the rocks but
some, at all |
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events,
of the crew and a single passenger were saved. These were invited to rest and
dry |
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themselves at the 'great house,' where every
hospitality and refreshment was offered them. |
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The passenger was evidently a gentleman, and
the next morning at breakfast he took particular |
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notice
of the daughters of his host, and of the other young lady whom I have
already |
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introduced to my readers. The stranger was
evidently much struck with her appearance, and, |
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finding that she was not like the other girls,
he made some inquiries about her, when he heard |
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the story of her coming to Ardoch as a
'foundling,' and having been saved from the jaws of the |
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ocean as by a miracle. The stranger listened
with great interest and emotion and said that at |
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the date corresponding with her infancy his own
sister, with a little infant, was lost in a vessel |
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off the eastern coast of Scotland, which
foundered in a storm. |
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'As
is often the case, the unexpected not only is probable, but often does happen
in reality. |
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And
so it was here. The cot or cradle in which the foundling came ashore, on
being shown to |
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the
new-comer, was pronounced to be singularly like that which his sister had
made for her |
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before
she left India. The features of the young lady, too, corresponded with those
of his own |
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relatives.
Further inquiries brought out other points of similarity, and a mark on the
little lady's |
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coverlet
bore the initial letter of her father's and mother's name. The foundling
orphan, there |
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could be little doubt, was his own sister's child. |
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'The
gentleman was a merchant, and the shipwreck which he had suffered hat not
ruined him. |
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He
had a home at Gothenberg, in Sweden. It was open for the reception of his
niece, and there |
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was
a little fortune ready for the young lady there in case she should ever be
found. Twenty |
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years,
however, had endeared her to her sisters, as she called the Misses Gordon,
and she was |
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unwilling
to go to Sweden with her newly-discovered uncle, unless one of the Misses
Gordon |
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would
accompany her, and the other promised to come and stay with her upon her
sister's |
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return to Scotland. |
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'Accordingly, Miss Anne Gordon sailed with her
adopted sister from the port of Leith for Sweden, |
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where, in 1771, only a few weeks after landing
at Gothenberg, she became the wife of Mr. |
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Thomas Erskine, a younger brother of Sir
William Erskine, of Cambo, in Fifeshire, who had been |
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long
settled there [Gothenberg] as a merchant, and was a man of wealth……… Some
nine or |
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ten years later, Miss Joanna Gordon was married
to Mr. Methven Erskine, the younger brother |
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of her sister's husband. Deaths followed in
rapid succession in the family of Lord Kellie, and in |
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1797 the earldom devolved on Charles Erskine.
He lived, however, to enjoy the title little more |
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than two years, for in 1799 he followed his
ancestors to the grave, and the earldom of Kellie |
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passed to his uncle and heir, Thomas Erskine,
who had been for some time a consul in Sweden. |
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And so it came to pass that the incident of a
shipwreck twenty or thirty years before resulted |
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in bestowing the coronet of a countess first on
one [Anne, wife of the 9th Earl] and then on |
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the other [Joanna, wife of the 10th Earl] of
the two Misses Gordon of Ardoch.' |
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************** |
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Secondly, from "Romances of the
Peerage" by Thornton Hall [Holden & Hardingham, |
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London 1914]:- |
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'The Earls of Mar and Kellie have many
treasured heirlooms at Alloa House and Kellie Castle, but |
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of
which they are prouder than the wicker cradle and bundle of baby's clothes
which recall a |
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story as romantic as any to be found in the
annals of the Peerage. |
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'One winter evening in the year 1763, when the
third of our Georges was comparatively new to |
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his crown, Mr. Adam Gordon was sitting with his
wife before a roaring fire in the hall of Castle |
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Ardoch. It was a night of storm and deluge; the
rain was lashing the window-panes, the wind |
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was
howling among the turrets and shrieking down the chimneys, the castle walls
were |
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trembling
under the fury of the gale. |
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" What a terrible night ! " said Adam
Gordon to his wife, as he drew his chair nearer to the |
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blazing logs. " There will be many a life
lost to-night at sea, unless I am mistaken. It's the |
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wildest storm I have known in my time."
Scarcely had the words left his lips when through the |
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pandemonium of the gale there came the low,
faint boom of a cannon. "There!" he exclaimed, |
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as the sound, so full of portent, died away.
"Did you hear that? I knew it. There's a vessel on |
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the rocks. God help those who are in her, for
there is no hope for them!" |
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'To summon his men-servants and, armed with
lanterns, to sally out into the dark night on the |
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errand
of mercy was the work of a few moments. In the teeth of the gale, drenched
and |
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buffeted, the handful of men fought their way
to the beach, a few hundred yards distant, and |
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with straining eyes looked out over the wild
riot of waters. Yes; there, but a stone's throw |
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away was the doomed ship, beating her life out
on the cruel fangs of the rocks which guard the |
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coast of Ross and Cromarty from the fury of the
North Sea. |
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'That glance was sufficient; the vessel was
indeed doomed. No boat could live for a moment in |
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such a sea. All they could do was to wait and
watch if by good chance any of the crew were |
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washed
ashore. Through the long dark hours of the night the patient vigil was kept;
the |
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watchers saw the vessel break up, just as the
first faint streaks of dawn stole over the sky. |
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A few moments later a shout drew the scattered
men to a distant part of the beach where one |
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of their number was stooping over the strangest
piece of flotsam that was ever flung ashore by |
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an angry sea. |
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'It
was a wicker cradle, of curious foreign-looking make; and in it was lying a
baby, with blue, |
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open eyes of wonder, smiling up at the wild
group of heads bent over it. The cradled infant |
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thus miraculously flung ashore was all that the
sea gave up from the ill-fated ship, save a few |
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fragments of wreckage, none of which gave any
clue to the identity of the vessel. |
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'It was a strange but happy procession that
made its way back in the early morning to the |
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hospitable
shelter of Castle Ardoch, preceded by Adam Gordon with the sea-baby
warmly |
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tucked
inside his overcoat, and followed by John Anderson, cradle in hand; and it
was a warm |
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welcome
that the infant received from the motherly arms of Dame Gordon, who little
dreamt as |
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later
she tucked it in the warm bed between her two little daughters that the waif
of the sea |
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was
bringing to her house a coronet in each of her baby hands. She was destined,
as this story |
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will prove, to make a Countess of each of her
child-bedfellows in the years to come. |
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'Who was this child of the sea and the storm
who had come thus dramatically into the hospitable |
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home
of the Gordons ? In vain did Adam and his lady try to solve the mystery.
There was no |
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clue
or at least no clue that was of any use to the problem. That the wicker
cradle, the frail |
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bark
which had brought the babe so miraculously over the raging waters, was from a
foreign |
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land there could be doubt. But where was that
land? |
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'The child's clothing was beautiful in quality
and texture; she was evidently the daughter of well- |
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to-do
parents; but it, too, furnished no clue beyond two embroidered and interwoven
initials |
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which conveyed no information as to identity.
The wreck-baby was a complete mystery, as |
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strange
as the wonder of her advent; but she was none the less a welcome guest, who
should |
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be as carefully and lovingly tended as their
own little girls. |
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'Thus the " Princess," as Adam Gordon
used to call his sea-baby, found new parents in Adam and |
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his
good wife; and never for one moment did they regret that black night of storm
that had |
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given
her to them. Every year she grew in strength and beauty and winsomeness. She
was a |
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little fairy who won all hearts, from those of
her playmates and foster-sisters to the grim- |
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visaged men-servants who to a man were the
slaves of the little "Missie" they had saved from |
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the sea. |
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'Thus happily the years passed. The "
Princess " had blossomed into a lovely girl of sixteen; her |
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sisters, equally fair, were a few years older,
when the curtain was raised on the second scene |
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of
this strange drama. Again it was a night of wild storm and disaster; and
again, through the |
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thunders of wind and sea was heard the boom of
the distress-gun; and once more, as sixteen |
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years earlier, Adam Gordon and his men fared
forth in the dark night on rescue bent. |
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'This time, as before, the vessel was ground to
pieces on the deadly rocks; and of all on board |
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only
one was yielded to the shore and to life by the greedy sea. It was a man,
battered, |
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bruised, and unconscious, lashed to a piece of
wreckage. Happily, life still lingered, and the |
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senseless man was borne swiftly to Castle
Ardoch, restoratives were administered, and when |
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consciousness
returned he was put to bed. |
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'The
following morning the second sole survivor of a wreck was able to thank the
Good |
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Samaritans, his rescuers, and to explain who he
was and how he came to be their guest. He |
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was, he said, a Swedish merchant hailing from
Gothenburg, and had been voyaging to Scotland |
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when the storm flung his ship on the rocky
coast of Ross and Cromarty. A few days later he |
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was
sufficiently recovered to join his host at the family meals, and thus to make
the |
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acquaintance of his daughters, and of their
sister, the pretty sixteen-year-old "Princess." |
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'Then it was that Adam Gordon told him the
story of that other night, many years earlier, which |
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had brought such a welcome guest into his home,
a story to which the stranger listened with |
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growing
interest and excitement. " That is indeed remarkable," said the
stranger on its |
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conclusion; " and to me of peculiar
interest. I will tell you why. It is sixteen years since my |
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sister
left India in a vessel of which nothing more was ever heard with certainty.
It was |
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rumoured
however, that she had been wrecked on the Scottish coast. And what is
more |
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singular, my sister had with her a baby girl,
an infant only a few months old. How strange it |
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would be if this young lady," pointing to
the "Princess," "should prove to be my lost sister's |
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child, and thus my niece. May I see the cradle
in which the child was flung ashore?" |
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'The wicker cradle, which had been carefully
preserved, was brought foe inspection; and as the |
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merchant examined it his excitement increased.
It was undoubtedly of foreign make, and might |
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well have been Indian. " Have you any
other clue?" he asked. The baby-clothes were now |
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produced, and at sight of the embroidered
initials the stranger exclaimed, "Yes, it must be so. |
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Those are the initials of my sister and her
husband. This young lady, whom, like myself, the sea |
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has brought to your home is surely my niece, my
dear sister's daughter!" |
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'Such was the dramatic scene of which Castle
Ardoch was the setting one winter day in the |
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year 1779. The discovery, however welcome to
the Swedish merchant, was by no means |
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equally welcome to Adam Gordon and his family,
who feared that now they would lose the |
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girl
whom they had learned to love so well. |
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'Nor were their fears misplaced, for the
merchant proceeded to assert his claim to his niece. "It |
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is,"
he said, " a poor return for your great kindness to try to rob you of
one of your daughters. |
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But I am comparatively a rich man, with no
child of my own; and I owe it to my dear sister to |
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take
her place as the natural guardian of her daughter. Will you at least allow
her to come to |
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me
for a year? If, at the end of the year, she wishes to return to you, I will
put no obstacle in |
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her way." |
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"Oh, I am so happy here!" pleaded the
"Princess." "Don't take me away!" In vain did Mr. and
Mrs. |
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Gordon, who, whatever the cost to themselves,
felt that she should not refuse such a tempting |
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offer, add their persuasions to those of her
uncle. And it was only on condition that one of her |
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"sisters" should accompany her that
she at last tearfully consented to leave for a time the home |
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she loved. |
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'Thus it was that, when the merchant left
Castle Ardoch, he took with him to Sweden, not only |
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his
niece, but one of his host's daughters, who thus found themselves translated
to a new |
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world of gaiety, far removed from the peaceful
humdrum days of their Scottish home. At |
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At Gothenburg their life was a constant round
of pleasure; and it was not long before the two |
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beautiful
girls had lovers at their feet. |
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'Among Miss Anne Gordon's wooers was Thomas
Erskine, a wealthy merchant of Gothenburg, and |
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a scion of an old Scottish house, who made a
speedy conquest of Adam Gordon's daughter. It |
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was not only a desirable match in all ways, but
it was a true union of hearts; and when the |
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wooer
wrote to Scotland for permission to make Anne his wife, a favourable answer
was not |
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long in coming. |
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'But excellent as the match was, we may be sure
that Anne Gordon, as she stood at the |
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Gothenburg altar with her husband, little
dreamt that she was one day to wear a Countess's |
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coronet. She knew that Thomas Erskine was of
noble birth. He could look back, on his family- |
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tree, to a long line of distinguished
ancestors, headed by one Sir Robert, who was Scotland's |
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Great Chamberlain when the second Alexander was
king in the fourteenth century; and among |
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those ancestors was a long list of Earls of
Kellie. But between him and the Kellie coronet at that |
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time
were more than a dozen good lives, and if anyone had told him on his
wedding-day that he |
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would live to bear the title he would have
laughed aloud. |
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'The
coronet, however, came to Thomas Erskine when his wife had worn her
wedding-ring a |
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score of years; and Adam Gordon's daughter Anne
lived to be a Countess, thanks to the little |
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sea-waif who had, by such strange ways, led her
to her husband. Nor was this the extent of |
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the good fortune which the "
Princess" brought to the family of Castle Ardoch. |
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'Before Anne Gordon had been a wife a year her
sister Johanna arrived in Gothenburg to spend |
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a
few months as her guest ; and there she met and learnt to love Methven
Erskine, the |
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handsome young brother of her sister's husband;
and for the second time the wedding-bells |
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were set a-ringing. |
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'Methven Erskine was also a substantial citizen
of the Swedish town; and when, in process of |
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time, Thomas, ninth Earl of Kellie and eighth
Baronet, was laid in the family vault, Methven |
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succeeded him in his titles and dignities, and
made a Countess of Adam Gordon's second |
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daughter. And thus it was that the sea-child
brought two coronets with her in her wicker |
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cradle when she was washed ashore that stormy
night in the year 1763. |
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'As for the " Princess " herself, she
could give coronets to others, but none came to her. Nor |
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did she wish for one; for she found all the
happiness she desired in the plain untitled husband |
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who won her heart. He was the richest of all
Gothenburg's merchants; and when to his money- |
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bags was added the fortune that fell to his
wife on her uncle's death, the "Princess" more than |
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justified Adam Gordon's pet name by a
hospitality and, above all, a charity which made her at |
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once the most splendid and beloved woman in
Gothenburg.' |
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Ermengarde Melusina Schulenberg, Duchess of
Kendal |
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The
Duchess of Kendal was the long-standing mistress of King George I of England.
The |
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following biography is taken from the February
1962 issue of the Australian monthly magazine |
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"Parade":- |
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'When
simple-minded little George Louis, Elector of Hanover, arrived in London in
1714 to |
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become King George I of England, he brought
with him (said a British annalist) "a flight of |
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hungry Germans like so many famished vultures
to fall on the fruitful soil of Britain." Among the |
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"vultures" were George's two
mistresses. One, the Baroness von Kilmansegge, was short and |
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fat. The other, the Countess von Schulenberg,
was so tall and lean that the London mob |
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nicknamed her the "Maypole."
Britain's contempt, however, soon turned to hearty detestation, |
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for the angular countess - graced with the
title of Duchess of Kendal - proved the most corrupt |
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and rapacious of all the mistresses who ever
enjoyed the favour of an English king. |
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'The greedy Melusina von Schulenberg had
already been George's lover for 20 years before he |
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succeeded
Queen Anne to be the first Hanoverian monarch of England. Even the
cynical |
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politicians of early 18th century Britain were
staggered at the blatant corruption with which she |
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set out to amass a fortune. As Duchess of
Kendal, she sold titles and offices, bartered her |
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influence over King George for enormous bribes
and forced the greatest statesmen to court her |
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like a queen. She raked in pensions from ruined
and starving Ireland. Her enemies called her "an |
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ugly trull" and "the German
witch." She was stoned and abused but her power over the dull- |
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witted king lasted to the day of his death. |
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'Melusina von Schulenberg was born on Christmas
Day, 1667, in Emden, the capital of a |
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bankrupt little German province ruled by her
father, Count Gustavus. The Schulenbergs were |
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proud
but poor. The girl grew up in an atmosphere of penny-pinching that left her
with an |
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insatiable hunger for money and security at any
cost. At 25, Melusina was maid-of-honour to |
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the raddled old Electress Sophia of Hanover,
grand-daughter of James I of England and soon |
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to become heiress to Britain's crown on the
death of Queen Anne's children. |
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'In the electoral court, amid the fountains and
lime avenues of Herrenhausen, Melusina first |
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met and conquered the heart of Sophia's son,
Prince George, the future King George I. George |
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was
already married to Sophie Dorothea of Celle, but in 1694 the match ended in a
fearful |
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explosion
of tragedy and scandal that rocked the courts of Europe. Sophie's lover,
the |
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handsome and reckless Count von Koenigsmarck,
was murdered mysteriously. George divorced |
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his wayward bride and for 32 years till her
death Sophie was a virtual prisoner in the gloomy |
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castle of Ahlden. |
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'By about 1700, Melusina was Prince George's
acknowledged mistress, sharing his favours with |
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the chubby and good-natured Baroness von
Kilmansegge. Neither had much to recommend them |
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in
looks. "Imagine those mawkins as my son's mistresses!" the old
electress sneered. But she |
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greatly under-estimated Melusina's influence
and ambition. George was a coarse-grained man |
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of
homely tastes. He liked filling himself with oysters, sausages and Rhenish
wine, and his |
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favourite intellectual occupation was cutting
painted figures out of cardboard. He was not much |
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concerned with beauty, as long as his women
were very fat and very willing - though Melusina |
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was an exception to his weakness for
well-padded feminine figures. |
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'The placid life of Herrenhausen was disrupted
in 1714 by the sudden deaths of both Queen |
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Anne and the Electress Sophia. In August,
George was summoned to London to be crowned |
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George I of England. With him went a troop of
100 Hanoverian courtiers, servants, pastry cooks, |
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trumpeters, negro pages, and even the electoral
washerwoman with five barrels of starch. Also |
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in the retinue was the Baroness von
Kilmansegge. Melusina, loaded with debts, watched her rival |
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depart with dismay but was determined to follow
her master to the rich plunder of Britain. Bilking |
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her
creditors, she slipped out of Hanover, joined the royal party at The Hague,
and was in |
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George's coach as it rolled, amid loyal
acclamation, into the streets of London. |
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'Anne's death had plunged England into a fever
of alarm. Rumours of a Jacobite invasion swept |
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the land, as Anne's chief minister, Lord
Bolingbroke, fled to the exiled Stuart court in Paris. The |
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Whig potentates rallied to George's side. He
might be a foreigner, a dull German who could not |
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speak
a word of English, but he represented the Protestant succession. The Old
Pretender's |
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invasion of Scotland a year later cemented
popular support for King George. Soon, however, the |
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Whig leaders found they also had to deal with a
greedy and formidable mistress. |
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'In
1716 Melusina was created Duchess of Munster in the Irish peerage, with a
pension of |
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Ł7000
from the revenues of Ireland. This was small pickings to what soon followed.
She was |
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appointed Master of the Horse, an office worth
Ł4000 a year and usually bestowed on a peer. |
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Two customs house sinecures added another
Ł4000. The new duchess also drove a lucrative |
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trade in selling peerages. The banker, Sir
Robert Child, paid her Ł10,000 for a title. A viscountcy |
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bestowed
on a Cornish squire brought her Ł11,000. The most blatant scandal followed
the |
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Treaty of Utrecht between England and France.
Among the French possessions then acquired |
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by Britain was the rich sugar island of St.
Kitt's in the West Indies. Sales of the land to British |
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planters
realised Ł70,000, all of which was lavished by George on his mistresses
despite the |
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bitter protest of Charles Townshend and the
other Whig chiefs. Infuriated by Townshend's |
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opposition and his refusal to agree to her
receiving an English title, Melusina forced the king to |
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sack his ministers and bring the Tory Lord
Sunderland to power. |
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'In 1719 she had her reward. She was created
Duchess of Kendal, while her rival, Baroness von |
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Kilmansegge, was fobbed off with the inferior
title of Countess of Darlington. The countess was |
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then grotesquely fat, with "two acres of
cheeks spread with crimson, an ocean of neck and an |
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overflowing body of which no part was
restrained by stays." |
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'By now both the king's mistresses were the
objects of ferocious contempt from the London |
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mob. Hooting, filth-slinging crowds followed
the Duchess of Kendal's coach and bawled ribald |
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songs in her ear. Once she stuck her powdered
head out of the coach window and demanded: |
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"Vy do you abuse me, ven I am here only
for your goots?" A stentorian voice answered: "Aye, |
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damn ye, and for our chattels too!"
Obscene lampoons were scrawled on the walls of St. James |
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Palace, where statesmen and courtiers crowded
the duchess' apartments to beg or bribe for her |
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influence on the King. Military appointments,
posts at court, peerages and pensions all went |
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through her rapacious hands - while King George
drowsed over his wine or played cards with his |
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German favourites. |
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'In
1720, the sensational collapse of the South Sea Bubble brought Walpole back
to power, |
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beginning
a Whig dictatorship in English politics that lasted for 40 years. The Norfolk
squire |
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Robert
Walpole was robust, corrupt and ruthless, but even he had to ensure his power
at first |
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|
by cultivating the insatiable Duchess of
Kendal. "I do everything through that woman," Walpole |
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admitted privately. "She is the real Queen
of England and she has got her skinny German fingers |
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into a noble
fortune." |
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'Another stream of wealth poured in to the
duchess in 1722, when the British Government |
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agreed
to issue a new copper coinage for Ireland. The duchess obtained the patent
for |
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supplying the coins and promptly sold it to
iron merchant William Wood [1671-1730] for Ł10,000. |
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To recoup the cost, Wood debased the metal in
the coins. Impoverished Ireland rose in furious |
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outcry against Wood's Half-pence, lashed by the
acid-tipped pen of Dean Swift. The scandal |
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brought a fresh load of hatred on the Duchess
of Kendal's head. Even the Crown Jewels of |
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England's queens were not safe from the Duchess
of Kendal's greed for gold. When George II |
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|
succeeded in 1727, his queen, Caroline, had to
borrow pearls from courtier's wives and diamonds |
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|
from Jewish money-lenders for her coronation
robes. |
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'George had other mistresses, notably the
lively Duchess of Shrewsbury and young Anne Brett, |
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illegitimate
daughter of the Countess of Macclesfield, but none rivalled the power of
the |
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domineering
Duchess of Kendal. The elegant Lord Chesterfield might brand her "almost
an idiot," |
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but
he was glad to marry Petronilla, the daughter of George and the Duchess, who
was created |
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[i.e. Countess of] Walsingham in 1722. Another
daughter, Margaret, married the Count of |
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[Schaumburg-] Lippe, and both had handsome
dowries. |
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'In 1727, George set off on his last visit to
his beloved Hanover. On the way, racked by gout |
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from years of gross over-feeding and drinking
he collapsed in his carriage and died. The Duchess, |
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who was following him, heard the news by
courier as she crossed the Rhine. By the time she |
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returned
to London, her world of influence and intrigue had fallen forever. Queen
Caroline, wife |
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of
the new King George II, despised her. Walpole, safe in Caroline's favour and
reputedly her |
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lover, no longer needed the ageing and withered
mistress of the dead monarch. |
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'The Duchess of Kendal retired to a villa at
Isleworth on the Thames. She had a legacy of |
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Ł40,000 by the will of George I, and no one
could guess what other riches she had amassed. |
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Till her death in May, 1743, she lived in
retirement, eccentric and almost forgotten. Her most |
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cherished companion was a jet-black raven which
one day flew through her parlour window |
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[Apparently she believed the raven to be the
dead king returning to visit her].' |
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The Viscountcy of Kenmure |
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In an article on 7 September 1847, 'The Times'
reported upon the death of Adam Gordon, 8th |
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Viscount
Kenmure and Lord of Lochinvar. The article concludes with the statement
that |
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|
"whether the title, in consequence of the
death of the late Viscount, becomes extinct or not |
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is,
we believe, altogether undetermined."
Since that time, peerage books of reference have |
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treated the peerage as being dormant, although
there appears to have been a number of |
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lines of descent from the first Viscount. |
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The following interesting article appeared in
the Hobart 'Mercury' of 6 January 1876:- |
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'There has just died, at his residence in
Coatbridge, a well-known townsman, named James |
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Gordon. Generally believed, says the Glasgow Herald, to be
descended from the stock of the |
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Gordons of Lochinvar or Kenmure, "Young
Jamie," apparently inheriting the patriotic though, |
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perhaps, diminished military ardour of his
forefathers, entered into foreign service at the early |
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age of 17. Although so very young, he was tall,
muscular, and strongly built. He continued |
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abroad for several years, and was "under
fire" in several of the sanguinary conflicts of the |
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Peninsula War - his first engagement, it is
believed, being the final and successful investment |
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of Badajoz, which resulted in the taking of the
city by storm, after a 20 days' siege, in which |
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our brave army suffered severely; but the
garrison and their commander became prisoners of |
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war. Gordon also served in the Royal Sappers
and Miners. He lost an eye by an accident in a |
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mining operation, and was discharged at
Woolwich on the 30th of September, 1820, with a |
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pension of 9d. a day. |
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'Throughout his whole service he was a zealous
and exemplary soldier, and bore about him |
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the
stamp and evidences if a loftier region than his humble station gave reason
to expect. |
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When
Gordon returned to Scotland, he took service under several coal-masters, and
was |
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engaged at first principally in
"shanking" operations. While in the employment of the Dundyvan |
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Company
the excitement about the heirship to the estate of Kenmure and its
belongings |
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cropped up, and so general was the belief
entertained that Gordon was the legitimate heir |
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that funds were quickly subscribed to carry the
case into court. After a rather tedious litigation |
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he was successful, and thus "one of the
most singular events in life occurred, which make |
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contrasts at times appear almost
fabulous." "The soldier turned peer" had often been the |
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player's jest, but it now became a veritable
reality when, in September, 1848 [sic for 1847], |
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this James Gordon, the private soldier,
succeeded, as heir to his grandfather, to the titles of |
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Viscount Kenmure and Lord Lochinvar. When the
exciting news reached Coatbridge, a great |
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demonstration of popular feeling was made.
Bonfires were kindled in the principal thoroughfares |
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of the then small village, and a brilliant
display of fireworks was made from the windows of |
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the Coatbridge inn. |
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'The lucky heir was meanwhile most hospitably
entertained to supper, and the health of "Earl |
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[sic] Kenmure," "Viscount
Gordon," "Lord Lochinvar," etc. - all titles pertaining to the
successor |
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of the Gordon family - was most
enthusiastically proposed, amidst the universal rejoicings of the |
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populace. |
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'But
the party in possession kept good their seats, and "Poor Jamie,"
although served with the |
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titles,
never got possession of the estate. One friend after another who had helped
him in his |
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long litigious struggle "dropped off"
when another case was threatened, and when the "supplies" |
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were no longer forthcoming, "Lord"
Gordon had again to settle down as a
humble artisan in the |
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rich mineral fields surrounding the iron
village of Coatbridge. Here he continued in his humble |
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occupation, serving for many years under
Messrs. Neilson, of Summerlee, where latterly, after |
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old age began to creep upon him, he was granted
a pension, although he had failed to obtain |
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what he termed his "rights" from the
Crown. His naturally vigorous constitution kept firm to the |
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last,
and the "Earl" [sic] could often be observed stalking along the
main street, staff in hand, |
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or enjoying a social glass. His wife died many
years ago, and the only relative that is left is a |
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daughter. The remains of the unfortunate
"Earl" have been interred in Mount Zion Churchyard, |
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the funeral procession being witnessed by a
large crowd of sympathisers.' |
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Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn |
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Edward was the fourth son of King George III.
He was educated in Europe by a tutor named |
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Baron Wangenheim, a petty-minded tyrant who
allowed the young prince one guinea a week |
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pocket-money, censored his letters and kept him
well away from feminine society. In January |
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1791, he returned to England, but because he
had come home without his father's permission, |
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he was hustled into the Army and packed off to
Gibraltar. |
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He was already a fussy martinet whose rabid
insistence on the smallest details of parade |
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ground etiquette soon caused mutterings of
discontent among the troops. Within a few months, |
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the Prince's regiment was seething with mutiny.
To save face, in May 1791 he was shipped off |
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to join the army in Canada, but not before he
had to sell his equipment to pay his debts. |
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He had barely set foot in Quebec when he met
the woman who was to be his mistress for the |
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next
27 years. She was Alphonsine Therese Bernardine Julie de St. Laurent,
daughter of a |
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French
family which had fled France following the Revolution. He soon installed her
as his |
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mistress
in a simple log house near Halifax, Nova Scotia, where they were happy for
seven |
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years.
In October 1798 his horse crashed through rotten timbers of a bridge on his
estate, |
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throwing him heavily and injuring his head.
Doctors urged him to return to England for treatment. |
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On
his return to London, Julie was installed in a discreet house in
Knightsbridge, while Edward |
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spent his time running up enormous debts. To
escape his creditors, he returned to Canada, this |
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time as Commander in Chief. Once again, his
savage ideas of military discipline caused him to be |
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hated.
Hundreds of troops deserted and any deserter who was captured was punished
with |
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ruthless
ferocity. One man was sentenced to 999 lashes, but died under the whip long
before |
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this count could be reached. A group of
soldiers, maddened by his savagery, planned to mutiny, |
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kill
the Duke and flee to the woods, but were betrayed, flogged unmercifully and
sent back to |
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England to rot in the prison hulks. |
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In
October 1800 he was recalled to England, on the grounds of ill-health, but
more probably |
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because
the authorities were concerned that his behaviour would drive the Canadians
into |
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rebellion.
As a typical parting gesture, he sentenced 11 soldiers to death for breaches
of |
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discipline.
Back in England, he begged his father to let him restore order in rebellious
Ireland, but |
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the King shrank from letting his son loose on
his Irish subjects. |
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Early in 1802 he was offered the post of
Governor of Gibraltar. The garrison at the Rock was |
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demoralised
by drink and debauchery, discipline had almost vanished and there was a
constant |
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threat
of invasion by Napoleon's Mediterranean fleet. The Duke's task was to return
the garrison |
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to
a warlike state - a job after his own heart. When he arrived in May 1802, he
was appalled by |
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the
conditions he found, which gave him ample excuse for his usual harshness.
Within a week he |
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had
closed most of the wine shops, flogged a large number of drunken soldiers and
enforced |
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every detail of parade ground drill with
pedantic efficiency. |
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On
Christmas Eve of 1802, the smouldering mutiny burst into flames. Two
regiments broke out |
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of
their quarters and called on their comrades to join them. Three of the
ringleaders were |
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hanged,
but reports reaching London caused a storm and the Duke was recalled, his
military |
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career over (although he remained Governor of
Gibraltar until his death). |
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For
the next 15 years he lived in seclusion with Julie St. Laurent. In November
1817, there |
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occurred the death of George III's only
legitimate grandchild, the Princess Charlotte Augusta of |
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Wales.
This caused a sudden flurry of belated ventures into matrimony by George's
sons, |
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including
the Duke of Kent. In 1818, Julie de St. Laurent, his faithful mistress of 27
years, retired |
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into
a Belgian convent. On 29 May 1818, the Duke married Princess Mary Louise
Victoria, widow |
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of
the Prince of Leiningen. Too poor to return to England, the couple lived in
Leiningin until early |
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in
1819, when it became apparent that the Duchess would soon produce the
long-awaited royal |
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heir. They dashed home and, on 24 May 1819, a
girl was born who would later become Queen |
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Victoria. |
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The
Duke had done his duty, but Parliament refused to pay his massive debts. At
the end of |
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1819,
he and his Duchess retired to live simply at the coastal town of Sidmouth in
Devon. Here, |
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on
a freezing winter's day, the Duke went for a walk, was soaked to the skin and
died three |
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days later, just six days before his father. |
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The Duchess lived on until 1861, surrounded by
feuds with her daughter and rumours that the |
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Duke
was not the father of Victoria. For further details of the feuding, see the
note at the foot |
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of the page contained details of Sir John
Conroy, baronet. After the birth of Queen Victoria's |
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first
child, mother and daughter were reconciled and she remained close to her
daughter until |
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her death. |
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As for the rumours of the Duke not being
Victoria's father, it has been pointed out that none of |
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Victoria's descendants suffered from porphyria
which ran in the Duke's family. Equally, before the |
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birth
of any of Victoria's children, haemophilia was unknown in any of the families
of the Duke, |
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his
Duchess or Prince Albert, although the disease can arise spontaneously.
Believers of this |
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theory
also point out that, during the 27 years living with Julie St. Laurent, no
children were |
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born,
possibly because the Duke was infertile. Against this theory is the low
likelihood of the |
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Duchess
having an affair so soon after her marriage, together with Victoria's strong
resemblance |
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to
her Hanoverian relatives. For further reading, see 'Queen Victoria's Gene:
Haemophilia and the |
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Royal Family' by D M Potts and W T W Potts,
Sutton Publishing 1995. |
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Geoffrey Charles Tasker Keyes (18 May 1917-18
Nov 1941), son of the 1st Baron Keyes |
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Keyes
was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross after he was killed leading an
attack |
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against Rommel's headquarters in North Africa
in November 1941. The citation reads:- |
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'War Office, 19th June, 1942. |
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The KING
has been graciously pleased to approve the posthumous award of the
VICTORIA |
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CROSS to the undermentioned officer: - |
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Major
(temporary Lieutenant-Colonel) Geoffrey Charles Tasker Keyes, M.C. (71081),
The Royal |
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Scots Greys (2nd Dragoons), Royal Armoured
Corps (Buckingham). |
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Lieutenant-Colonel
Keyes commanded a detachment of a force which landed some 250 miles |
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behind the enemy lines to attack Headquarters,
Base Installations and Communications. |
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From the outset Lieutenant-Colonel Keyes
deliberately selected for himself the command of the |
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detachment detailed to attack what was
undoubtedly the most hazardous of these objectives - |
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the residence and Headquarters of the General
Officer Commanding the German forces in North |
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Africa. This attack, even if initially
successful, meant almost certain death for those who took |
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part in it. |
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He
led his detachment without guides, in dangerous and precipitous country and
in pitch |
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darkness, and maintained by his stolid
determination and powers of leadership the morale of the |
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detachment. He then found himself forced to
modify his original plans in the light of fresh inform- |
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ation
elicited from neighbouring Arabs, and was left only with one officer and an
N.C.O. with |
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whom
to break into General Rommel's residence and deal with the guards and
Headquarters |
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staff. |
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At
zero hour on the night of 17th-18th November, 1941, having despatched the
covering party |
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to block the approaches to the house, he
himself with the two others crawled forward past the |
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guards, through the surrounding fence and so up
to the house itself. Without hesitation, he |
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boldly led his party up to the front door, beat
on the door and demanded entrance. |
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Unfortunately,
when the door was opened, it was found impossible to overcome the sentry |
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silently, and it was necessary to shoot him.
The noise of the shot naturally aroused the inmates |
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of
the house and Lieutenant-Colonel Keyes, appreciating that speed was now of
the utmost |
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importance, posted the N.C.O. at the foot of
the stairs to prevent interference from the floor |
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above. |
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Lieutenant-Colonel
Keyes, who instinctively took the lead, emptied his revolver with great |
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success into the first room and was followed by
the other officer who threw a grenade. |
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Lieutenant-Colonel
Keyes with great daring then entered the second room on the ground floor |
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but was shot almost immediately on flinging
open the door and fell back into the passage |
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mortally wounded. On being carried outside by
his companions he died within a few minutes. |
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By
his fearless disregard of the great dangers which he ran and of which he was
fully aware, |
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and by his magnificent leadership and
outstanding gallantry, Lieutenant-Colonel Keyes set an |
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example of supreme self sacrifice and devotion
to duty.' |
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For a more complete narrative of this attack,
see "Victoria Cross Heroes" by Michael [Baron] |
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Ashcroft (London 2006). |
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Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare |
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The following biography of the 10th Earl of
Kildare appeared in the April 1969 issue of the |
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Australian monthly magazine "Parade":- |
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'His
enemies contemptuously called him "Silken Thomas," but beneath all
his swagger and |
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dandified exterior, Thomas FitzGerald, 10th
Earl of Kildare, was one of the most extraordinary |
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figures in Ireland's stormy history. He was
little more than a boy, not yet 21, when he launched |
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the rebellion that in a few bloody months
rocked the authority of Henry VIII of England to its |
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foundations. He dreamt briefly of reviving his
country's ancient glory by crowning himself |
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monarch
of Ireland, as a vassal of England's mortal foe, the King of England's mortal
foe, the |
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King of Spain. Then, within a year, the
glittering vision of Silken Thomas had collapsed in a |
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welter of massacre, treachery and civil war.
Abandoned by his fellow countrymen, hunted like |
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an animal by English armies, and finally lured
into surrender by false promises, FitzGerald tasted |
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the atrocious fate reserved for unsuccessful
rebels. One winter's day in 1537 he was dragged |
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on a hurdle to London's Tyburn scaffold. With
him were five of his uncles, members of what had |
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been the proudest and most powerful family in
Ireland. And there Silken Thomas, the man who |
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had hoped to be a king, was hanged,
disembowelled and quartered before the eyes of the |
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howling rabble. |
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'Since
the days of the English conquest in the 12th century no baronial family had
played a |
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more
impressive role in Irish history than the mighty clan of FitzGerald. In
Kildare and large |
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areas of central Ireland they ruled like
independent princes. They owned a dozen great castles |
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and
could raise an army of 10,000 from their own vassals and allied Irish
chieftains. Silken |
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Thomas's father, the 9th Earl of Kildare, had a
full share of the pride and fiery temper that had |
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typified the FitzGeralds for generations. As
Henry VIII's Viceroy and Governor of Ireland, he was |
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constantly in trouble, both with the turbulent
Irish baronage and the English monarch who |
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suspected his
boundless ambitions. |
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'Early in 1534 Kildare's enemies, especially
the Butler family and Archbishop [John] Allen of |
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of Dublin [1476-1534], succeeded in having the
viceroy summoned to England for questioning. |
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Before he left in February, the Earl called a
meeting of his council at Drogheda and announced |
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that his 20-year-old son, Thomas, would act as
deputy during his absence. To the Irish nobility |
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this
was simply another example of FitzGerald arrogance. Thomas was a beardless
boy, a |
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a handsome, pleasure-loving youth, without the
slightest experience in the tasks of government. |
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He was a swaggerer and dandy, whose luxurious
clothes and daintily clad cavalcade of squires |
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had already earned him the scornful nickname of
Silken Thomas. Yet, within a few months of |
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receiving the symbolic sword of state from his
father at Drogheda, Thomas FitzGerald was to |
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show a very different side of his character. |
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'In May 1534 he was hunting at Maynooth Castle,
the ancestral family stronghold in Kildare, |
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when staggering news reached him from London.
Because of the machinations of his foes in |
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Ireland, his father, the Earl of Kildare, had
been thrown into the Tower and summarily beheaded |
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for treason. The story of the execution was
untrue, although Kildare was doomed nevertheless. |
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He
was languishing in a dungeon in the Tower where he was to die miserably seven
months |
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later. Believing his father murdered by the
tyrant Henry VIII, young FitzGerald - half-crazed |
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with rage and grief - hurried to Dublin to
summon a meeting of the vice-regal council. There, |
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within the ancient walls of St. Mary's Abbey,
he flung down his sword of state, renounced his |
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allegiance to King Henry and declared war to
the death against the English rule in Ireland. Some |
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of
the council joined him. Others shrank in terror from the prospect of treason.
Civil war |
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convulsed Dublin and quickly spread to the
nearby country. Many of FitzGerald's enemies - |
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including
Archbishop Allen, whom he hated with special virulence - fled into Dublin
Castle to |
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seek shelter with the English garrison. |
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'Meanwhile, realising that he must control
Dublin to have any hope of raising the whole country, |
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the
rebel leader returned to Kildare to gather his army. By mid-July he was back
outside the |
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walls of Dublin. Beneath the diagonal red cross
banner of the FitzGeralds were 5,000 of his own |
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followers and a host of clansmen sent by his
allies, the O'Neills, O'Connors and O'Briens. Told |
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that the whole city would be laid in ashes if
they resisted, the citizens flung open the gates and |
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Silken Thomas marched through the streets to
besiege the walls of Dublin Castle. |
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'Week after week the mighty bastion of English
power defied the rebels. The only satisfaction |
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FitzGerald had was closing his account with
Archbishop Allen. On the rainy night of July 27 Allen |
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|
contrived to slip out of the castle, reach a
waiting boat on the River Liffey and sail with a few |
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|
servants down into Dublin Bay. There, however,
the little vessel was driven aground and Allen |
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was forced to seek refuge in a nearby village.
Before dawn next day his whereabouts had been |
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betrayed to FitzGerald's headquarters. Silken
Thomas himself rode from Dublin with a squad of |
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soldiers to see the man whom he blamed above
all others for his father's fate. Frantically the |
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Archbishop
knelt and begged for his life. After watching him grovel, FitzGerald shouted
to his |
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men, "Take the clown away!" and then
dug his spurs into his horse. As he galloped off, the |
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soldiers beat out Allen's brains with their
iron maces and flung his bloody corpse into a ditch. |
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No
one could say whether Silken Thomas ordered the barbaric slaying. But it was
significant |
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that he at once sent a priest off to Rome to
seek papal absolution - an errand that ended in |
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his
excommunication instead of pardon. |
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'Meanwhile, though half Ireland was in a
turmoil of rebellion, Dublin Castle still stubbornly held |
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out against every assault. And by the end of
August alarming reports were drifting in to the |
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rebel council which FitzGerald had installed in
St. Mary's Abbey. A fleet carrying a great English |
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army
under the veteran general Sir William Skeffington [c 1465-1535] was reputed
to be |
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awaiting
a favourable wind off the island of Anglesey. More immediately menacing was
the |
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terrible
ravaging of Kildare by the FitzGeralds' inveterate foes, Lord Ossory and his
powerful |
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Butler clan. |
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'Dozens of villages were burnt and their
inhabitants butchered, crops destroyed and cattle |
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seized,
until Thomas FitzGerald could delay no longer. Bitterly he raised the siege
of Dublin |
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Castle, marched his army back to his ancestral
lands and launched a pitiless campaign against |
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|
the invaders. To the upheaval of rebellion was
now added the horrors of civil war as partisans |
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of the FitzGeralds and their enemies fought
murderously over a large part of central Ireland. |
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Nevertheless, Silken Thomas refused to despair,
even when the English army landed in Dublin in |
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October to be welcomed with open arms by the
fickle citizens. |
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'In much of the country the authority of King
Henry had all but collapsed. English garrisons had |
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been killed or driven out and no power rivalled
that of Thomas FitzGerald. News of his father's |
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death
and his succession as 10th Earl of Kildare made his authority unquestioned
among the |
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rest of the family, including his five uncles,
who were all great barons in their own right. |
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'Throughout the winter the 21-yearold new Earl
remained within the stout walls of Maynooth |
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Castle, making preparations for renewing the
rebellion on a greater scale in the spring of 1535. |
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He
entertained grandiose visions of having himself crowned King of Ireland,
though he knew that |
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he could not maintain himself alone against the
might of England. In January 1535 he dispatched |
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emissaries to King Charles V of Spain with
gifts of fine Irish horses, falcons and hunting dogs and |
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proposals for a military alliance. FitzGerald
even offered to hold his Irish realm as a vassal of the |
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Spanish monarch if he would send soldiers, guns
and money to support the rebel cause. A string |
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of
vague promises was all that Silken Thomas got in return. Then, in March 1535,
the critical |
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days
of the rebellion began. While FitzGerald was absent mustering his allies,
Skeffington's army |
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cut
a swath of ruin through Kildare and closed around the impregnable walls of
Maynooth Castle. |
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For
days the English siege guns battered in vain at the ramparts. Every assault
was hurled back |
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with heavy losses. |
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'Treachery
finally brought Maynooth's downfall - a foretaste of the betrayals that were
to drag |
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Silken
Thomas down to destruction in the months to come. Bribed with gold, the
garrison |
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commander one night ensured that the watch on
the walls was drunk. Then, while his men "lay |
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|
snorting
like hogs," he gave the signal for the English to storm the battlements.
Hastening |
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|
towards
Maynooth with 7,000 men, FitzGerald was stunned to hear that the castle had
already |
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fallen and its garrison slaughtered without
mercy [an act known as the "Maynooth Pardon"]. |
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'A
few weeks later, on the desperate battlefield of Clane, the last act in the
tragic drama of |
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Silken
Thomas began. With his allies deserting him at every step, the rebel chief
fell back into |
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|
the
heart of his ancestral domains. But nothing could halt the relentless enemy
pursuit. Early in |
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August
the new English general, Lord Leonard Grey [later Viscount Grane], burned the
last |
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FitzGerald stronghold at Rathangan and hunted
the fugitive deeper into the woods and bogs. |
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'At last, with only 16 half-starved followers
left, FitzGerald sent an envoy to the English camp, |
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offering to surrender on Grey's promise that he
would have honourable treatment and not suffer |
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death
as an outlaw. On his own authority, Grey made the promise, but, when he took
his |
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|
famous prisoner to London, he found the
vengeful King Henry had very different intentions. |
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|
Attainted as a "notorious traitor",
the Earl of Kildare was thrown into the darkest and filthiest |
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|
hole in the Tower while the work of hounding
down the rest of the FitzGerald clan went on. For |
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|
16 months, Silken Thomas rotted in his dungeon
until all of his five uncles had been seized or |
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|
betrayed to the English by their enemies in
Ireland. Then, on February 3, 1537, the young Earl |
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and his relatives were hanged and dismembered
on the reeking butcher's block of Tyburn.' |
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Gerald Fitzgerald, 11th Earl of Kildare |
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The
following is taken from Chapter IX of "True Irish Ghost Stories" by
St.John D. Seymour and |
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Harry L. Nelligan (Hodges, Figgis & Co.,
Dublin 1914). |
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'Gerald
FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare, died in London on the 16th November, 1585;
his body |
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|
was brought back to Ireland and interred in St.
Brigid's Cathedral, in Kildare. He was known as |
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|
'the
Wizard Earl' on account of his practising the black art, whereby he was
enabled to |
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|
transform himself into other shapes, either
bird or beast according to his choice; so notorious |
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was his supernatural power that he became the
terror of the countryside. |
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'His wife, the Countess, had long wished to see
some proof of his skill, and had frequently |
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|
begged him to transform himself before her, but
he had steadily refused to do so, as he said if |
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he did and she became afraid, he would be taken
from her, and she would never see him again. |
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Still she persisted, and at last he said he
would do as she wished on condition that she should |
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first of all undergo three trials to test her
courage; to this she willingly agreed. In the first trial |
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the river Greese, which flows past the castle
walls, at a sign from the Earl overflowed its banks |
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and flooded the banqueting hall in which the
Earl and Countess were sitting. She showed no |
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sign of fear, and at the Earl's command the
river receded to its normal course. |
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'At the second trial a huge eel-like monster
appeared, which entered by one of the windows, |
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crawled about among the furniture of the
banqueting hall, and finally coiled itself round the |
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body of the Countess. Still she showed no fear,
and at a nod from the Earl the animal uncoiled |
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|
itself and disappeared. In the third test an
intimate friend of the Countess, long since dead, |
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|
entered the room, and passing slowly by her
went out at the other end. She showed not the |
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slightest sign of fear, and the Earl felt
satisfied that he could place his fate in her keeping, but |
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|
he again warned her of his danger if she lost
her presence of mind while he was in another |
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shape. He then turned himself into a black
bird, flew about the room, and perching on the |
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Countess's shoulder commenced to sing. Suddenly
a black cat appeared from under a chest, |
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and made a spring at the bird; in an agony of
fear for its safety the Countess threw up her arms |
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to
protect it and swooned away. When she came to she was alone, the bird and the
cat had |
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disappeared, and she never saw the Earl again. |
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'It is said that he and his knights lie in an
enchanted sleep, with their horses beside them, in a |
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cave under the Rath on the hill of Mullaghmast,
which stands, as the crow flies, five miles to |
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|
the north of Kilkea Castle. Once every seven
years they are allowed to issue forth; they gallop |
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round
the Curragh, thence across country to Kilkea Castle, where they re-enter the
haunted |
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wing, and return to the Rath of Mullaghmast.
The Earl is easily recognised as he is mounted on |
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a white charger shod with silver shoes; when
these shoes are worn out the enchantment will |
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be broken, and he will issue forth, drive the
foes of Ireland from the land and reign for a seven |
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times seven number of years over the vast
estates of his ancestors. [The Curragh is a flat |
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open plain in County Kildare, and a 'Rath' is a
circular hill fort protected by earthworks. Many |
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of these structures still exist in Ireland]. |
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'Shortly before '98 [i.e. 1798] he was seen on
the Curragh by a blacksmith who was crossing it |
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in
an ass-cart from Athgarvan to Kildare. A fairy blast overtook him, and he had
just time to |
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say, "God speed ye Gentlemen" to the
invisible "Good People," when he heard horses galloping |
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up behind him; pulling to one side of the road
he looked back and was terrified at seeing a troop |
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of knights, fully armed, led by one on a white
horse. The leader halted his men, and riding up to |
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the blacksmith asked him to examine his
[horse]shoes. Almost helpless from fear he stumbled |
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out of the ass-cart and looked at each shoe,
which was of silver, and then informed the knight |
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that all the nails were sound. The knight
thanked him, rejoined his troop, and galloped off. The |
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blacksmith
in a half-dazed state hastened on to Kildare, where he entered a public
house, |
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ordered a noggin of whisky, and drank it neat.
When he had thoroughly come to himself he told |
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the men that were present what had happened to
him on the Curragh; one old man who had |
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listened to him said: "By the mortal man,
ye are after seeing 'Gerod Earla."
This fully explained |
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the mystery. Gerod Earla, or Earl Gerald, is
the name by which the Wizard Earl is known by the |
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peasantry. |
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'One other legend is told in connection with
the Wizard Earl of a considerably later date. It is |
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said
that a farmer was returning from a fair in Athy late one evening in the
direction of |
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Ballintore,
and when passing within view of the Rath of Mullaghmast he was astonished to
see |
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a bright light apparently issuing from it.
Dismounting from his car he went to investigate. On |
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approaching the Rath he noticed that the light
was proceeding from a cave in which were |
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sleeping several men in armour, with their
horses beside them. He cautiously crept up to the |
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entrance,
and seeing that neither man nor beast stirred he grew bolder and entered
the |
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chamber;
he then examined the saddlery on the horses, and the armour of the men,
and |
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plucking up courage began slowly to draw a
sword from its sheath; as he did so the owner's |
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head began to rise, and he heard a voice in
Irish say, "Is the time yet come?" In terror the |
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farmer, as he shoved the sword back, replied,
"It is not, your Honour," and then fled from the |
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place. It is said that if the farmer had only
completely unsheathed the sword the enchantment |
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|
would have been broken, and the Earl would have
come to his own again.' |
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Francis William Browne, 4th Baron Kilmaine |
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The 4th Baron Kilmaine committed suicide in
1907 in Paris. According to a report in 'The Times' |
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of 11 November 1907:- |
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'Our
Paris correspondent telegraphed last night:- Lord Kilmaine, one of the
representative Irish |
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|
peers and a large landowner in Ireland,
committed suicide about 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon |
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[9 November] by throwing himself out of the
window on the fourth floor of the Hôtel d'Iéna, |
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where he was staying. Francis William Browne,
the fourth Baron Kilmaine, who was born in 1843, |
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had long suffered from acute nervous disease
and had apparently come to Paris for medical |
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|
treatment. Lady Kilmaine was with him in his
sitting room yesterday, when he went quietly to |
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the
window as if to look out, and suddenly threw himself over the balcony. Death
was |
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|
instantaneous, the skull being fractured. Lady
Kilmaine fainted on seeing her husband step over |
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the balustrade. It is stated that the body is
to be removed to the English church in the Rue |
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d'Aguesseau, awaiting the arrival of Lord
Kilmaine's son.' |
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Unfortunately, the 4th Baron's suicide was
mirrored nearly 40 years later when the 5th Baron |
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also committed suicide, as will be seen in the
note below. |
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John Edward Deane Browne, 5th Baron Kilmaine |
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'The Times' of 30 August 1946 records the
verdict of an inquest held into the death of the 5th |
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Baron Kilmaine, as follows:- |
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'A verdict of "Suicide while of unsound
mind" was recorded at an inquest at Bexhill, Sussex, |
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yesterday on the body of Lord Kilmaine, 68, who
died at Bexhill Hospital on Tuesday. Patrick |
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Cornelius Crimmins, secretary-companion to Lord
Kilmaine, said that on Tuesday afternoon, on |
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|
returning from posting a letter, he found Lord
Kilmaine in a sitting position on the floor in front |
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|
of a chair. There was a bottle of disinfectant
on a table near the chair. Lord Kilmaine seemed |
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|
to
be unconscious. Dr. Colin McIver, who stated that Lord Kilmaine died from
carbolic acid |
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|
poisoning, said that he attended him during the
war years and his mental condition had |
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|
deteriorated since an illness in June. His mind
was not normal and he had been certified.' |
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William Boyd, 4th Earl of Kilmarnock |
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The following article, which also relates to
Arthur Elphinstone, 6th Lord Balmerinoch (which |
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title is spelled as Balmerino in the article)
and Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat, is taken from |
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|
the Australian monthly magazine
"Parade" in its issue for September 1955:- |
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'One of the most romantic episodes in the story
of the British peoples is the Jacobite Rebellion |
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of 1745, when the "Bonnie Prince
Charlie" made his gallant but ill-planned bid to win back the |
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English throne for his exiled father, James
III. But its consequences for himself and thousands |
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|
of those who helped him made it also one of the
most tragic. Of the many grim incidents that |
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|
climaxed the "Forty-five" Rebellion,
one of the most dramatic was the execution of the Scottish |
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lords Kilmarnock and Balmerino on Tower Hill in
April, 1746, for their parts in it. Eight months |
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later they were followed to the scaffold by the
clan chief of the Frasers, Lord Lovat. |
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'All three men were of widely differing
temperaments, and together they formed a trio that |
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exemplified the different motives that inspired
those who rallied to the banner of the Stuarts |
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whatever the odds. But each of them had this in
common; they died with stoic bravery, even |
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making a joke of death. |
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'Kilmarnock was 42 when he died; Balmerino 58
and Lovat 80. Kilmarnock died professing |
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repentance for his part in the
"Forty-Five" and asking for clemency for those who fought by his |
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side. He claimed that poverty had driven him to
support Prince Charles Stuart against England's |
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imported Hanoverian king. Balmerino, a bluff
dragoon of unquenchable spirit, went to his death |
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cursing the Hanoverians and drinking a bumper
to "the King over the water" - an uncompromising |
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Highland
rebel to the last. Lovat was a hoary old rascal, who had coolly played
Jacobites |
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|
against Hanoverians for 50 years for his own
purposes, and who joined the Stuart cause when |
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|
he felt sure of its success and of thereby
reaping benefit for himself. But his courage in death |
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|
proved that a man need not necessarily live
will to die well. |
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'Such were the types of men who from different
motives supported the gay, blue-eyed Bonnie |
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Prince when he landed in the Hebrides and
raised the Stuart standard in the wild valley of |
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Glenfinnan on August 19, 1745. Charles spent
the night of September 15 at Falkirk where he |
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|
was joined by William Boyd, fourth Lord
Kilmarnock who lived with his wife in Callender House, a |
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small castle a few miles from the camp. |
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'When the Prince's army entered Edinburgh,
Arthur Elphinstone, Lord Balmerino, was among the |
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stream of adherents who came flocking to
Holyrood for the proclamation of Charles' father as |
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King of Scotland, England and Ireland on
September 18. Balmerino had been born in 1688, the |
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year
that James II was forced to abdicate and William and Mary assumed the crown.
He had |
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joined James II's son, the Old Pretender, in
the abortive rebellion of 1715, but had escaped and |
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had lived in exile until 1733, when his father
secured a pardon for him. |
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'Three days after Balmerino joined the Prince,
the Highlanders swooped on Sir John Cope's |
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British force encamped at Prestonpans and
hacked them to pieces in a few minutes. This ended |
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the hesitancy of a number of clan chiefs who
now rallied to the Stuart prince's support. Among |
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them was Lord Lovat, senior chief of the Fraser
clan, a man with as rascally a record as could |
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|
be
found in spite of his privileged birth. More than 50 years before he had left
Aberdeen |
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University
and recruited 300 Fraser clansmen to form part of a regiment to serve William
and |
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Mary. Then when
his cousin, the 10th Lord Lovat, died, he tried to marry his cousin's |
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daughter as a means of consolidating his claims
to the chieftainship and to his cousin's estates. |
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Being baulked by the maiden's flight from home
at his approach, he had turned on the widowed |
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Lady
Lovat, cut her clothes from her body, raped her in the presence of his
followers, and |
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forced her to marry him herself in order to
gain her estates. |
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'He had been outlawed, but had escaped to
France where as the 12th Lord Lovat he played a |
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double game with English, Scots and French. For
this he was imprisoned in France for ten years, |
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but he had again escaped and had gone to
England in 1714, eventually returning to Scotland to |
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ingratiate himself in his countrymen's favour.
For 25 years of alternating Jacobite and anti- |
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Jacobite intrigues in which he calmly betrayed
both sides, Lovat had been pre-occupied with |
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the recovery of his own fortunes and estates.
When the rebellion started he was torn between |
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joining the Prince - in which case his titles
and estates would be forfeit if the rebellion failed - |
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and the promise of a dukedom given by Charles
for his aid. |
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'The
success of the Prince's forces at Prestonpans decided him that the Pretender
would |
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succeed in his mad venture, and he wrote to the
Prince expressing regret that old age and |
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infirmity prevented him taking the field
himself, but informing him that he was sending his son |
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with a strong force of Fraser clansmen to aid
him. But to protect his own carcass in case the |
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rebellion failed, he wrote at the same time a
cordial letter to Duncan Forbes, Lord President |
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of the Court of Session, expressing his regret
that his son had taken this step and professing |
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his own attachment to the House of Hanover. In
point of fact, the son had been most |
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unwilling to go, but had been compelled to do
so by his cunning father. |
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'Balmerino and Kilmarnock were in the field in
command of bodies of mounted grenadiers when |
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Charles marched out from Edinburgh in November
for the invasion of England, and on that fatal |
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April 16, 1746, when the Scots, outnumbered and
out-weaponed, lost their cause on the bare, |
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windswept moor of Culloden. Kilmarnock
surrendered on the field and Balmerino escaped only |
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to
be captured by Grant of Ballindalloch, who promptly handed him over to the
Duke of |
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Cumberland, the "Butcher of
Culloden." Away in his lair, the wily old fox, Lovat, decided the |
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game was up and fled to the Highlands. But
after much hardship in his wanderings to evade the |
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British redcoats, he was at last arrested on an
island in Loch Morar. |
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'Balmerino and Kilmarnock had meanwhile been
lodged in the Tower of London along with another |
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Scots rebel, the Earl of Cromarty. The three
were tried together by their peers, although they |
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were taken in separate coaches to Westminster
Hall. At the outset Balmerino proved his spirit. |
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There was a dispute about which vehicle should
carry the axe, and Kilmarnock, a nervous type, |
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objected to travelling with it. But Balmerino
called "Come, put in the coach with me." He pleaded |
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not guilty to the charge of high treason, while
Cromarty and Kilmarnock pleaded guilty, evidently |
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with
some hope of Royal clemency. For his part, Balmerino dragged out the
proceedings by |
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quibbling, like a true Scot, about an
inaccurate rendering of his name and an incorrect dating of |
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his entrance into Carlisle. At the Bar of the
House Balmerino showed complete disregard for his |
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fate, joked with the gentlemangaoler, fingered
the axe while he talked, and on one occasion |
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pretended to use
it as a fan. |
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'The trial lasted for nearly a week, during
which time the three men were lodged in a cell at |
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Westminster, where Balmerino made determined
efforts to keep everyone's spirits high. With |
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the best intentions in the world but somewhat
tactlessly, he showed Kilmarnock how to lay his |
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his head on the block. "Don't wince, lest
the stroke cut your skull or shoulders," he instructed, |
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"but bite your lips." Kilmarnock,
though less callous than Balmerino, conducted himself through- |
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out the trial with such eloquent grace and
dignity that many of the spectators wept, and one |
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young lady fell extravagantly in love with him.
Later he and Cromarty petitioned the King for |
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pardons and George II exclaimed feelingly,
"Heaven help me, will no one say a word of behalf of |
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Lord Balmerino? He's a rebel, but at least he's
an honest one!" |
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'Balmerino, however, disdained to ask pardon
from a king he regarded as a usurper. Kilmarnock's |
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appeal
was refused, but Cromarty was allowed to go free after his wife - the mother
of eight |
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children and expecting a ninth - had fainted at
George II's feet and had enlisted the help of the |
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Prince of Wales for a pardon. |
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'While awaiting execution Kilmarnock regretted
his fate and his part in the rebellion. "For the two |
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Kings and their rights I care not a farthing
which prevailed. But I was starving, and, by God, if |
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Mahomet had set up his standard in the
Highlands, I had been a good Mussulman for bread," he |
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said. Balmerino, however, managed to enjoy
himself in the shadow of the scaffold. He could |
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actually
view it from one window of his prison. The other windows were stopped up
because |
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they gave on to the street and he used to
entertain passers-by with seditious quips. |
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'According to the custom of the day, prisoners
in the Tower were treated not so much like |
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criminals but as paying guests and were allowed
to entertain friends and relatives. |
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Balmerino was at dinner with his wife when the
Lieutenant of the Tower brought in his death |
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warrant. Lady Balmerino fainted.
"Lieutenant," shouted the sanguine Scot, "you have spoilt my |
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lady's stomach with your damned warrant!" |
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'The execution was scheduled for August 18, and
on that summer's morning the two peers were |
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taken to an apartment on Tower Hill. Kilmarnock
was in black, but Balmerino wore a red-faced |
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blue
army coat and a flannel waistcoat over his shroud. When the Lieutenant of the
Tower |
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handed
them over to the Sheriff, he cried, in accordance with custom: "Long
Live King George." |
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Kilmarnock meekly responded, "Amen,"
but Balmerino shouted at the top of his lungs: "Long Live |
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King James!" |
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'Kilmarnock died with great courage. He asked
that the cloth be lifted from the scaffold rails to |
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give the spectators a better view, made a small
speech, took off his coat and waistcoat, and, |
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placing his head on the block, gave the signal
to the executioner by dropping his handkerchief. |
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His head was severed at one blow. Balmerino
then came forward with military precision. Calling |
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for
a glass of wine, he asked the bystanders to drink "Ain degrae ta
Haiven" (an ascent to |
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Heaven). Then he inspected the axe, running his
finger along the edge, gave the executioner |
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three guineas for having despatched Kilmarnock
so neatly, and commanded him to strike boldly - |
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"for in that, my friend," he said,
"will consist thy mercy." He took a paper out of his pocket, put |
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on his spectacles, and read a declaration of
his unshakeable loyalty to the House of Stuart and |
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his repentance for having once held a
commission in the service of Queen Anne. It was this |
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treason, he assured them, which he was now
expiating. He refused the further services of the |
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clergymen, and, going to a corner of the
scaffold, gave his wig to a warder, put on a bonnet of |
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Scotch plaid, removed his coat and waistcoat
and leant his head on the block. But the |
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executioner
was so thrown out by the antics of his victim that he struck the first
blow |
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irresolutely, and it took three to sever
Balmerino's head - one for each guinea. |
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'Lovat, the old fox, had betrayed so many
people in the course of his long life that, unlike the |
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the other victims, his execution excited no
pity, although he was then an infirm old man of 80. |
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On April 18, 1747, the evening before his
execution, the warder expressed his sorrow at the |
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prospect of the bad day on the morrow.
"Bad!" echoed Lovat. "For what? Do you think I am |
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afraid of an axe? It is a debt we must all pay,
and better this way than by a lingering disease." |
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Like Balmerino, he responded "Long live
King James" to the Lieutenant's cry. Part of the scaffold |
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collapsed as the executioner was whetting his
axe. Several spectators were crushed to death. |
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As
he surveyed the melee with a leer on his ugly old face, Lovat cried,
"Ay, ay. The mair |
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mischief, the better sport." He undressed when some order had been
restored as methodically |
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as though he were going to bed; then, as he
laid his head on the block, the old Aberdeen |
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University pupil Lovat had been repeated
quietly the line of Horace, "Dulce et decorum est pro |
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patria mori." [It is sweet and fitting to
die for one's country]' |
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