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PEERAGE |
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Last updated 17/10/2018 |
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Date |
Rank |
Order |
Name |
Born |
Died |
Age |
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LOREBURN |
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4 Jul 1911 |
E |
1 |
Robert Threshie Reid |
3 Apr 1846 |
30 Nov 1923 |
77 |
to |
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Created Baron Loreburn 8 Jan 1906 |
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30 Nov 1923 |
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and Earl Loreburn 4 Jul 1911 |
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MP for Hereford 1880-1885 and Dumfries |
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1886-1905. Solicitor General 1894. Attorney |
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General
1894-1895. Lord Chancellor |
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1905-1912. PC 1905 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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LORN |
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c 1439 |
B[S] |
1 |
Robert Stewart |
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c 1448 |
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Created Lord Lorn c 1439 |
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c 1448 |
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2 |
John Stewart |
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20 Dec 1463 |
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20 Dec 1463 |
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3 |
Walter Stewart |
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c 1488 |
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c 1488 |
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4 |
Thomas Stewart |
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9 Sep 1513 |
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9 Sep 1513 |
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5 |
Richard Stewart |
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1532 |
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1532 |
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6 |
John Stewart |
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Jan 1570 |
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Jan 1570 |
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7 |
James Stewart |
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14 Feb 1586 |
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14 Feb 1586 |
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8 |
John Stewart,later [1596] 1st Earl of Athole |
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13 Apr 1605 |
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13 Apr 1605 |
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9 |
John Stewart,2nd Earl of Athole |
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1625 |
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to |
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On his death the peerage became either |
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1625 |
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dormant or extinct |
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L'ORTI |
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6 Feb 1299 |
B |
1 |
Henry de L'Orti |
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1322 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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L'Orti 6 Feb 1299 |
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1322 |
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2 |
Henry de L'Orti |
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1341 |
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1341 |
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3 |
John de L'Orti |
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after 1341 |
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to |
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On his death the peerage fell into abeyance |
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after 1341 |
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LORTON |
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28 May 1806 |
V[I] |
1 |
Robert Edward King |
12 Aug 1773 |
20 Nov 1854 |
81 |
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Created Baron
Erris of Boyle 29 Dec |
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1800 and Viscount Lorton 28 May 1806 |
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Lord Lieutenant Roscommon 1831-1854 |
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For further information on this peer, see the |
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note at the foot of the page containing details |
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of the Earldom of Kingston |
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20 Nov 1854 |
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2 |
Robert King |
17 Jul 1804 |
16 Oct 1869 |
65 |
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He
succeeded to the Earldom of Kingston |
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(qv) in 1869 with which title this peerage |
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then merged and so remains |
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LOTHIAN |
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10 Jul 1606 |
E[S] |
1 |
Mark Kerr |
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8 Apr 1609 |
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Created Lord Newbottle 28 Oct 1587 |
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and Earl of Lothian 10 Jul 1606 |
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8 Apr 1609 |
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2 |
Robert Kerr |
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15 Jul 1624 |
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to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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15 Jul 1624 |
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31 Oct 1631 |
E[S] |
1 |
William Kerr |
c 1605 |
Oct 1675 |
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Created Lord Newbottle and Earl of |
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Lothian 31 Oct 1631 |
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Oct 1675 |
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2 |
Robert Kerr |
8 Mar 1636 |
15 Feb 1703 |
66 |
23 Jun 1701 |
M[S] |
1 |
He succeeded as 3rd Earl of Ancram in 1690 |
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Created Lord Kerr of Newbottle, |
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Viscount of Briene,Earl of Ancram and |
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Marquess of Lothian 23 Jun 1701 |
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15 Feb 1703 |
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2 |
William
Kerr,5th Lord Jedburgh and 3rd Earl of |
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Ancram (creation of 1633) |
1661 |
28 Feb 1722 |
60 |
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KT 1705 |
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28 Feb 1722 |
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3 |
William Kerr |
c 1690 |
28 Jul 1767 |
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KT 1734 |
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28 Jul 1767 |
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4 |
William Henry Kerr |
1710 |
12 Apr 1775 |
64 |
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MP for Richmond 1747-1763.
KT 1768 |
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12 Apr 1775 |
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5 |
William John Kerr |
13 Mar 1737 |
4 Jan 1815 |
77 |
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KT 1776 |
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4 Jan 1815 |
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6 |
William Kerr |
4 Oct 1763 |
27 Apr 1824 |
60 |
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Created Baron Ker of Kersheugh |
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17 Apr 1821 |
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Lord Lieutenant Midlothian 1819-1824 and |
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Roxburgh 1812-1824. KT 1820 |
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27 Apr 1824 |
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7 |
John William Robert Kerr |
1 Feb 1794 |
14 Nov 1841 |
47 |
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MP for Huntingdon 1820-1824. Lord |
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Lieutenant Roxburgh 1824-1841 PC 1841 |
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14 Nov 1841 |
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8 |
William Schomberg Robert Kerr |
12 Aug 1832 |
4 Jul 1870 |
37 |
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4 Jul 1870 |
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9 |
Schomberg Henry Kerr |
2 Dec 1833 |
17 Jan 1900 |
66 |
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Secretary of State for Scotland 1887-1892 |
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KT 1878 PC 1886 |
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For information regarding the death of the 9th |
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Marquess's son,styled the Earl of Ancram,see the |
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note at the foot of this page |
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17 Jan 1900 |
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10 |
Robert Schomberg Kerr |
22 Mar 1874 |
16 Mar 1930 |
55 |
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16 Mar 1930 |
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11 |
Philip Henry Kerr |
18 Apr 1882 |
12 Dec 1940 |
58 |
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Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster |
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1931. CH 1920 PC
1939 KT 1940 |
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12 Dec 1940 |
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12 |
Peter Francis Walter Kerr |
8 Sep 1922 |
11 Oct 2004 |
82 |
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11 Oct 2004 |
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13 |
Michael Andrew Foster Jude Kerr |
7 Jul 1945 |
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MP for
Berwick and East Lothian 1974, |
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Edinburgh South 1979-1987 and Devizes 1992-2010 |
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PC 1996 |
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Created Baron Kerr of Monteviot for life |
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22 Nov 2010 |
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LOUDOUN |
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30 Jun 1601 |
B[S] |
1 |
Hugh Campbell |
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15 Dec 1622 |
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Created Lord Campbell of Loudoun |
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30 Jun 1601 |
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15 Dec 1622 |
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2 |
Margaret Campbell. |
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12 May 1633 |
E[S] |
1 |
she married - |
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John Campbell |
1598 |
15 Mar 1663 |
64 |
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Created Lord Tarrinzean and Mauchline |
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and Earl of Loudoun 12 May 1633 |
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15 Mar 1663 |
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2 |
James Campbell |
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1684 |
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1684 |
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3 |
Hugh Campbell |
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20 Nov 1731 |
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Secretary of State for Scotland 1705-1707 |
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Lord Lieutenant Ayrshire. KT 1706 PC 1708 |
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20 Nov 1731 |
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4 |
John Campbell |
5 May 1705 |
27 Apr 1782 |
76 |
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27 Apr 1782 |
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5 |
James Mure-Campbell |
11 Feb 1726 |
28 Apr 1786 |
60 |
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MP for Ayrshire 1754-1761. |
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28 Apr 1786 |
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6 |
Flora Rawdon-Hastings |
Aug 1780 |
8 Jan 1840 |
59 |
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For further information on this peeress and her |
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daughter,see the note at the foot of this page |
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8 Jan 1840 |
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7 |
George Augustus Francis Rawdon-Hastings, |
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2nd Marquess of Hastings |
4 Feb 1808 |
13 Jan 1844 |
35 |
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13 Jan 1844 |
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8 |
Paulyn Reginald Serlo Rawdon-Hastings, |
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3rd Marquess of Hastings |
2 Jun 1833 |
17 Jan 1851 |
17 |
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17 Jan 1851 |
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9 |
Henry Weysford Charles Plantagenet |
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Rawdon-Hastings,4th Marquess of Hastings |
22 Jul 1842 |
10 Nov 1868 |
26 |
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10 Nov 1868 |
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10 |
Edith Maud Abney-Hastings |
10 Dec 1833 |
23 Jan 1874 |
40 |
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23 Jan 1874 |
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11 |
Charles Edward Rawdon-Hastings |
5 Jan 1855 |
17 May 1920 |
65 |
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17 May 1920 |
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12 |
Edith Maud Abney-Hastings |
13 May 1883 |
24 Feb 1960 |
76 |
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24 Feb 1960 |
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13 |
Barbara Huddleston Abney-Hastings |
3 Jul 1919 |
1 Nov 2002 |
83 |
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1 Nov 2002 |
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14 |
Michael Edward Abney-Hastings |
22 Jul 1942 |
30 Jun 2012 |
69 |
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30 Jun 2012 |
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15 |
Simon Michael Abney-Hastings |
29 Oct 1974 |
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13 Feb 1817 |
V |
1 |
Francis Rawdon-Hastings |
9 Dec 1754 |
28 Nov 1826 |
71 |
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Created Baron Rawdon 5 Mar 1783, and |
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Viscount Loudoun,Earl of Rawdon and |
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Marquess of Hastings 13 Feb 1817 |
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He was succeeded by the 7th Earl of |
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Loudoun (see above) |
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LOUGHBOROUGH |
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23 Oct 1643 |
B |
1 |
Henry Hastings |
28 Sep 1610 |
10 Jan 1667 |
55 |
to |
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Created Baron Loughborough |
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10 Jan 1667 |
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23 Oct 1643 |
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Lord Lieutenant Leicester 1661-1667 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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17 Jun 1780 |
B |
1 |
Alexander Wedderburn |
13 Feb 1733 |
3 Jan 1805 |
71 |
to |
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Created Baron Loughborough 17 Jun |
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3 Jan 1805 |
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1780 and 31 Oct 1795,and Earl of |
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31 Oct 1795 |
B |
1 |
Rosslyn 21 Apr 1801 |
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For details of the special remainder included in the |
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creation of the barony of 1795, see the note at |
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the foot of this page |
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On his death the creation of 1780 became |
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extinct. See "Rosslyn" |
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LOUGHGUYRE |
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22 Apr 1718 |
B[I] |
1 |
Charles Fane |
30 Jan 1676 |
4 Jul 1744 |
68 |
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Created Baron
Loughguyre and |
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Viscount Fane 33 Apr 1718 |
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See "Fane" |
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LOUGHNEAGH |
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21 Nov 1660 |
B[I] |
1 |
John Clotworthy |
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23 Sep 1665 |
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Created Baron of Loughneagh and |
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Viscount Massereene 21 Nov 1660 |
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See "Massereene" |
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LOUR |
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20 Apr 1639 |
B[S] |
1 |
Sir John Carnegie |
c 1580 |
18 Jan 1667 |
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Created Lord Lour 20 Apr 1639 and |
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Lord Lour and Egglismaldie and Earl of |
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Ethie 1 Nov 1647 |
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He exchanged the titles for the Earldom |
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of Northesk and Barony of Rosehill |
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in 1662 - see "Northesk" |
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LOUTH |
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12 May 1319 |
E[I] |
1 |
John de Bermingham |
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10 Jun 1329 |
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to |
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Created Earl of Louth 12 May 1319 |
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10 Jun 1329 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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15 Jun 1541 |
B[I] |
1 |
Oliver Plunkett |
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c 1555 |
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Created Baron Louth 15 Jun 1541 |
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c 1555 |
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2 |
Thomas Plunkett |
c 1547 |
1 May 1571 |
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1 May 1571 |
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3 |
Patrick Plunkett |
1548 |
1575 |
27 |
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1575 |
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4 |
Oliver Plunkett |
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5 Mar 1607 |
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5 Mar 1607 |
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5 |
Matthew Plunkett |
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19 Jul 1629 |
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19 Jul 1629 |
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6 |
Oliver Plunkett |
Mar 1608 |
c 1679 |
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c 1679 |
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7 |
Matthew Plunkett |
|
Sep 1689 |
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Lord Lieutenant Louth and Drogheda |
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PC 1687 |
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Sep 1689 |
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8 |
Oliver Plunkett |
1668 |
1707 |
39 |
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1707 |
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9 |
Matthew Plunkett |
1698 |
20 Jun 1754 |
55 |
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20 Jun 1754 |
|
10 |
Oliver Plunkett |
2 Apr 1727 |
4 Mar 1763 |
35 |
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4 Mar 1763 |
|
11 |
Thomas Oliver Plunkett |
28 Aug 1757 |
25 Jun 1823 |
65 |
|
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|
For further information on this peer, see the |
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|
note at the foot of this page |
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25 Jun 1823 |
|
12 |
Thomas Oliver Plunkett |
5 Aug 1809 |
26 Jun 1849 |
39 |
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26 Jun 1849 |
|
13 |
Randal Percy Otway Plunkett |
28 Aug 1832 |
19 Jul 1883 |
50 |
|
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19 Jul 1883 |
|
14 |
Randal Pulgrim Ralph Plunkett |
24 Sep 1868 |
28 Oct 1941 |
73 |
|
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28 Oct 1941 |
|
15 |
Otway Randal Percy Oliver Plunkett |
26 Apr 1892 |
3 Feb 1950 |
57 |
|
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3 Feb 1950 |
|
16 |
Otway Michael James Oliver Plunkett |
19 Aug 1929 |
6 Jan 2013 |
83 |
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6 Jan 2013 |
|
17 |
Jonathan Oliver Plunkett |
4 Nov 1952 |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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23 Apr 1759 |
E[I] |
1 |
Thomas Bermingham,19th Baron Athenry |
16 Nov 1717 |
11 Jan 1799 |
81 |
to |
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|
Created Earl of Louth 23 Apr 1759 |
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11 Jan 1799 |
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PC [I] 1755 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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LOVAINE |
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28 Jan 1784 |
B |
1 |
Hugh Percy,1st Duke of Northumberland |
c 1714 |
6 Jun 1786 |
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Created Baron Lovaine 28 Jan 1784 |
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For details of the special remainder included |
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in this creation, see the note at the foot of |
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this page |
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6 Jun 1786 |
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2 |
Algernon Percy,later [1790] 1st Earl of Beverley |
21 Jan 1750 |
21 Oct 1830 |
80 |
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21 Oct 1830 |
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3 |
George Percy,2nd Earl of Beverley |
22 Jun 1778 |
21 Aug 1867 |
89 |
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He succeeded to the Dukedom of |
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Northumberland in 1865 when the peerages |
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merged |
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*********** |
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22 Jul 1887 |
|
|
Henry George Percy |
29 May 1846 |
14 May 1918 |
71 |
|
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|
He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of |
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Acceleration as Baron Lovaine 22 Jul 1887 |
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He succeeded as Duke of Northumberland (qv) |
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in 1899 |
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LOVAT |
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1458 |
B[S] |
1 |
Hugh Fraser |
|
c 1500 |
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Created Lord Lovat 1458 |
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c 1500 |
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2 |
Thomas Fraser |
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21 Oct 1524 |
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21 Oct 1524 |
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3 |
Hugh Fraser |
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2 Jun 1544 |
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2 Jun 1544 |
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4 |
Alexander Fraser |
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1558 |
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1558 |
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5 |
Hugh Fraser |
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1 Jan 1577 |
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1 Jan 1577 |
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6 |
Simon Fraser |
c 1572 |
3 Apr 1633 |
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3 Apr 1633 |
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7 |
Hugh Fraser |
|
16 Feb 1646 |
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16 Feb 1646 |
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8 |
Hugh Fraser |
2 May 1643 |
27 Apr 1672 |
28 |
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27 Apr 1672 |
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9 |
Hugh Fraser |
28 Sep 1666 |
14 Sep 1696 |
29 |
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14 Sep 1696 |
|
10 |
Thomas Fraser |
1636 |
May 1699 |
62 |
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May 1699 |
|
11 |
Simon Fraser |
c 1667 |
9 Apr 1747 |
|
to |
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He was attainted and the peerage forfeited |
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9 Apr 1747 |
|
|
For
further information on this peer,see the note |
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|
at the foot of the page containing details of |
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|
the peerage of Kilmarnock |
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28 Jan 1837 |
B |
1 |
Thomas Alexander Fraser |
17 Jun 1802 |
28 Jun 1875 |
73 |
13 Aug 1857 |
|
12 |
Created Baron Lovat 28 Jan 1837 |
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He was restored to the Scottish peerage |
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in 1857. KT 1865. Lord Lieutenant |
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Inverness 1853-1873 |
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28 Jun 1875 |
|
13 |
Simon Fraser |
21 Dec 1828 |
6 Sep 1887 |
58 |
|
|
2 |
Lord Lieutenant Inverness 1873-1887 |
|
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|
For further information relating to a claim for this |
|
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|
|
peerage,see the note at the foot of this page |
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6 Sep 1887 |
|
14 |
Simon Joseph Fraser |
25 Nov 1871 |
18 Feb 1933 |
61 |
|
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3 |
KT 1915 |
|
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18 Feb 1933 |
|
15 |
Simon Christopher Joseph Fraser |
9 Jul 1911 |
16 Mar 1995 |
83 |
|
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4 |
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16 Mar 1995 |
|
16 |
Simon Fraser |
13 Feb 1977 |
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5 |
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LOVEL |
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6 Feb 1299 |
B |
1 |
John Lovel |
1254 |
1311 |
57 |
|
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|
Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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|
Lovel 6 Feb 1299 |
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1311 |
|
2 |
John Lovel |
1289 |
1315 |
26 |
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1315 |
|
3 |
John Lovel |
|
Nov 1347 |
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Nov 1347 |
|
4 |
John Lovel |
1340 |
Dec 1361 |
21 |
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Dec 1361 |
|
5 |
John Lovel |
1341 |
10 Sep 1408 |
67 |
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KG 1405 |
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10 Sep 1408 |
|
6 |
John Lovel |
|
19 Oct 1414 |
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19 Oct 1414 |
|
7 |
William Lovel |
1397 |
13 Jun 1455 |
57 |
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13 Jun 1455 |
|
8 |
John Lovel |
1433 |
9 Jan 1465 |
31 |
|
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|
9 Jan 1465 |
|
9 |
Francis Lovel |
1456 |
16 Jun 1487 |
30 |
to |
|
|
Created Viscount Lovel 4 Jan 1483 |
|
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|
1485 |
|
|
KG 1483 |
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|
He was
attainted and the peerages |
|
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|
forfeited |
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|
LOVEL OF CASTLE CARY |
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20 Nov 1348 |
B |
1 |
Richard Lovel |
|
31 Jan 1351 |
|
to |
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|
Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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|
31 Jan 1351 |
|
|
Lovel 20 Nov 1348 |
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|
Peerage extinct on his death |
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|
LOVEL AND HOLLAND |
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7 May 1762 |
B |
1 |
John Perceval,2nd Earl of Egmont |
25 Feb 1711 |
4 Dec 1770 |
59 |
|
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|
Created Baron
Lovell and Holland |
|
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7 May 1762 |
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|
See "Egmont" |
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LOVELACE |
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31 May 1627 |
B |
1 |
Richard Lovelace |
c 1568 |
22 Apr 1634 |
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|
Created Baron Lovelace 31 May 1627 |
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MP for Berkshire 1601 and 1621,Abingdon 1604 |
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and Windsor 1614 |
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22 Apr 1634 |
|
2 |
John Lovelace |
Feb 1616 |
25 Nov 1670 |
54 |
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Lord Lieutenant Berkshire 1660-1670 |
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25 Nov 1670 |
|
3 |
John Lovelace |
c 1640 |
27 Sep 1693 |
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MP for Berkshire 1661-1670 |
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27 Sep 1693 |
|
4 |
John Lovelace |
|
6 May 1709 |
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Governor of New York |
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6 May 1709 |
|
5 |
John Lovelace |
|
May 1709 |
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May 1709 |
|
6 |
Nevill Lovelace |
1708 |
28 Jul 1736 |
28 |
to |
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|
Peerage extinct on his death |
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|
28 Jul 1736 |
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|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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30 Jun 1838 |
E |
1 |
William King-Noel |
21 Feb 1805 |
29 Dec 1893 |
88 |
|
|
|
Created Viscount Ockham and Earl of |
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Lovelace 30 Jun 1838 |
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Lord Lieutenant Surrey 1840-1893 |
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29 Dec 1893 |
|
2 |
Ralph Gordon Noel King-Noel |
2 Jul 1839 |
28 Aug 1906 |
67 |
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28 Aug 1906 |
|
3 |
Lionel Fortescue King |
16 Nov 1865 |
5 Oct 1929 |
63 |
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5 Oct 1929 |
|
4 |
Peter Malcolm King |
30 Mar 1905 |
4 Dec 1964 |
59 |
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4 Dec 1964 |
|
5 |
Peter Axel William Locke King |
26 Nov 1951 |
31 Jan 2018 |
66 |
to |
|
|
Peerages extinct on his death |
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31 Jan 2018 |
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LOVELL |
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9 May 1744 |
E |
1 |
Thomas Coke |
c 1695 |
20 Apr 1759 |
|
to |
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|
Created Baron Lovell 28 May 1728,and |
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20 Apr 1759 |
|
|
Viscount Coke and Earl of Leicester |
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9 May 1744 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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LOVELL-DAVIS |
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26 Jun 1974 |
B[L] |
1 |
Peter Lovell-Davis |
8 Jul 1924 |
6 Jan 2001 |
76 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Lovell-Davis for life |
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6 Jan 2001 |
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26 Jun 1974 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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LOW |
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16 Nov 1999 |
B[L] |
1 |
Toby Austin Richard William Low,1st Baron |
24 May 1914 |
7 Dec 2000 |
86 |
to |
|
|
Aldington |
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|
7 Dec 2000 |
|
|
Created Baron Low for life 16 Nov 1999 |
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|
Peerage extinct on his death |
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|
LOW OF DALSTON |
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|
13 Jun 2006 |
B[L] |
1 |
Colin MacKenzie Low |
23 Sep 1942 |
|
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|
|
Created
Baron Low of Dalston for life |
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|
13 Jun 2006 |
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|
LOWRY |
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18 Jul 1979 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Robert Lynd Erskine Lowry |
30 Jan 1919 |
15 Jan 1999 |
79 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Lowry for life 18 Jul 1979 |
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|
|
15 Jan 1999 |
|
|
Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland |
|
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|
1971-1988.
Lord of Appeal in Ordinary |
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|
1988-1994. PC [NI] 1971.
PC 1974 |
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|
Peerage extinct on his death |
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|
LOWTHER |
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28 May 1696 |
B |
1 |
John Lowther |
25 Apr 1655 |
10 Jul 1700 |
45 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Lowther and Viscount |
|
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|
|
Lonsdale 28 May 1696 |
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|
See "Lonsdale" |
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|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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|
24 May 1784 |
V |
1 |
James Lowther |
5 Aug 1736 |
24 May 1802 |
65 |
26 Oct 1797 |
V |
1 |
Created Baron
Lowther,Baron of the |
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|
Barony of Kendal,Baron of the Barony |
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|
of Burgh,Viscount of Lonsdale, |
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|
Viscount of
Lowther and Earl of |
|
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|
Lonsdale 24 May 1784 and Baron and |
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|
Viscount Lowther 26 Oct 1797 |
|
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|
For details of the special remainders included in the |
|
|
|
|
|
|
creation of the Barony and Viscountcy of 1797, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
see the note at the foot of this page |
|
|
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|
|
On his death the Earldom and Viscountcy of |
|
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|
Lonsdale
became extinct,while the Barony |
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|
and Viscountcy created in 1797 passed to - |
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|
24 May 1802 |
|
2 |
William Lowther |
29 Dec 1757 |
19 Mar 1844 |
86 |
|
|
|
Created Earl of Lonsdale 7 Apr 1807 |
|
|
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|
|
See "Lonsdale" |
|
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|
***************** |
|
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|
8 Sep 1841 |
|
|
William Lowther |
30 Jul 1787 |
4 Mar 1872 |
84 |
|
|
|
He was summoned to Parliament by Writ of |
|
|
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|
|
Acceleration as Baron Lowther 8 Sep 1841 |
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|
He succeeded as Earl of Lonsdale (qv) in 1844 |
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LUCAN |
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1 Oct 1795 |
E[I] |
1 |
Sir Charles Bingham,7th baronet |
22 Sep 1735 |
29 Mar 1799 |
63 |
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Created Baron Lucan 24 Jul 1776 |
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and Earl of Lucan 1 Oct 1795 |
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29 Mar 1799 |
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2 |
Richard Bingham |
4 Dec 1764 |
30 Jun 1839 |
74 |
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MP for St.Albans 1790-1800 |
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30 Jun 1839 |
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3 |
George Charles Bingham |
16 Apr 1800 |
10 Nov 1888 |
88 |
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MP for Mayo 1826-1830. Lord Lieutenant |
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Mayo 1845-1888.
Field Marshal 1887 |
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10 Nov 1888 |
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4 |
George Bingham |
8 May 1830 |
5 Jun 1914 |
84 |
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MP for Mayo 1865-1874. Lord Lieutenant |
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Mayo 1901-1914. KP 1899 |
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5 Jun 1914 |
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5 |
George Charles Bingham |
13 Dec 1860 |
20 Apr 1949 |
88 |
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Created Baron Bingham 26 Jun 1934 |
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MP for Chertsey 1904-1906.
PC 1938 |
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20 Apr 1949 |
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6 |
George Charles Patrick Bingham |
24 Nov 1898 |
21 Jan 1964 |
65 |
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21 Jan 1964 |
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7 |
Richard John Bingham |
18 Dec 1934 |
by 3 Feb 2016 |
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by 3 Feb 2016 |
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8 |
George Charles Bingham |
21 Sep 1967 |
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On 3 Feb 2016 the High Court issued a death |
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certificate for the 7th Earl, thus allowing his |
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son, George Charles Bingham, to inherit as the |
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8th Earl |
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LUCAS OF CHILWORTH |
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27 Jun 1946 |
B |
1 |
George William Lucas |
29 Mar 1896 |
11 Oct 1967 |
71 |
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Created Baron Lucas of Chilworth |
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27 Jun 1946 |
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11 Oct 1967 |
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2 |
Michael William George Lucas |
26 Apr 1926 |
10 Nov 2001 |
75 |
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10 Nov 2001 |
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3 |
Simon William Lucas |
6 Feb 1957 |
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LUCAS OF CRUDWELL |
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7 May 1663 |
B |
1 |
Mary Grey,Countess of Kent |
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1 Nov 1702 |
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Created Baroness Lucas of Crudwell |
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7 May 1663 |
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1 Nov 1702 |
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2 |
Henry Grey,12th Earl of Kent,later [1710] 1st |
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Duke of Kent |
28 Sep 1671 |
5 Jun 1740 |
68 |
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8 Nov 1718 |
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Anthony Grey |
21 Feb 1695 |
21 Jul 1723 |
28 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Lucas of Crudwell 8 Nov 1718 |
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He was the son and heir apparent of the 1st Duke |
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of Kent, but died before he could succeed to |
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that title |
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For information on this peer,see the note |
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at the foot of this page |
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21 Jul 1723 |
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3 |
Jemima Yorke,Marchioness Grey in her own |
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right (2nd in line) |
9 Oct 1722 |
10 Jan 1797 |
74 |
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10 Jan 1797 |
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4 |
Amabell Hume-Campbell,later [1816] 1st Countess |
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de Grey in her own right |
22 Jan 1751 |
4 May 1833 |
82 |
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4 May 1833 |
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5 |
Thomas Philip de Grey,2nd Earl de Grey |
8 Dec 1781 |
14 Nov 1859 |
77 |
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14 Nov 1859 |
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6 |
Anne Florence Cowper,Countess Cowper |
8 Jun 1806 |
23 Jul 1880 |
74 |
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23 Jul 1880 |
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7 |
Francis Thomas de Grey Cowper,7th Earl |
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Cowper |
11 Jun 1834 |
18 Jul 1905 |
71 |
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18 Jul 1905 |
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8 |
Auberon Thomas Herbert
(also 11th Lord Dingwall) |
25 May 1876 |
3 Nov 1916 |
40 |
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President of the Board of Agriculture |
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and Fisheries 1914-1915.
PC 1912 |
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For further information on this peer and his father, |
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see the note at the foot of this page |
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3 Nov 1916 |
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9 |
Nan Ino Cooper
(also Baroness Dingwall in her own |
13 Jun 1880 |
23 Nov 1958 |
78 |
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right - 12th in line) |
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23 Nov 1958 |
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10 |
Anne
Rosemary Palmer (also Baroness
Dingwall |
28 Apr 1919 |
31 Dec 1991 |
72 |
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in her own right - 13th in line) |
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31 Dec 1991 |
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11 |
Ralph Matthew Palmer
(also 14th Lord Dingwall) |
7 Jun 1951 |
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[Elected hereditary peer 1999-] |
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LUCAS OF SHENFIELD |
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3 Jan 1645 |
B |
1 |
John Lucas |
23 Oct 1606 |
2 Jul 1671 |
64 |
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Created Baron Lucas of Shenfield |
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3 Jan 1645 |
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2 Jul 1671 |
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2 |
Charles Lucas |
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28 Nov 1688 |
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28 Nov 1688 |
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3 |
Robert Lucas |
c 1649 |
31 Jan 1705 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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31 Jan 1705 |
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LUCE |
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2 Oct 2000 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Richard Napier Luce |
14 Oct 1936 |
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Created Baron Luce for life 2 Oct 2000 |
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MP for Arundel and Shoreham 1971-1974 and |
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Shoreham 1974-1992. Governor of Gibraltar |
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1997-2000. PC
1986 KG 2008 |
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LUCY |
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15 May 1320 |
B |
1 |
Anthony de Lucy |
1283 |
c 1342 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Lucy 15 May 1320 |
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c 1342 |
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2 |
Thomas de Lucy |
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5 Dec 1365 |
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5 Dec 1365 |
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3 |
Anthony de Lucy |
1341 |
Sep 1368 |
27 |
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Sep 1368 |
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4 |
Joan de Lucy |
Jun 1366 |
1 Oct 1369 |
3 |
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1 Oct 1369 |
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5 |
Maud de Umfravill,Countess of Angus |
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24 Dec 1398 |
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to |
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On her death the peerage became dormant |
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24 Dec 1398 |
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LUDFORD |
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30 Sep 1997 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sarah Ann Ludford |
14 Mar 1951 |
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Created Baroness Ludford for life |
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30 Sep 1997 |
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LUDLOW |
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27 May 1748 |
V |
1 |
Henry Arthur Herbert |
c 1703 |
10 Sep1772 |
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Created Baron Herbert of Chirbury |
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21 Dec 1743,Baron Powis,Viscount |
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Ludlow and Earl of Powis 27 May 1748 |
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and Baron Herbert of Chirbury |
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16 Oct 1749 |
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See "Powis" |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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3 Oct 1760 |
E[I] |
1 |
Peter Ludlow |
21 Apr 1730 |
26 Oct 1803 |
73 |
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Created Baron Ludlow 19 Dec 1755 |
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and Viscount
Preston and Earl |
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Ludlow 3 Oct 1760 |
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MP for Huntingdonshire 1768-1796 PC 1782 |
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26 Oct 1803 |
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2 |
Augustus Ludlow |
1 Jan 1755 |
7 Nov 1811 |
56 |
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7 Nov 1811 |
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3 |
George James Ludlow |
12 Dec 1758 |
16 Apr 1842 |
83 |
10 Sep 1831 |
B |
1 |
Created Baron Ludlow 10 Sep 1831 |
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to |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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16 Apr 1842 |
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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26 Jul 1897 |
B |
1 |
Henry Charles Lopes |
3 Oct 1828 |
25 Dec 1899 |
71 |
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Created Baron Ludlow 26 Jul 1897 |
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MP for Launceston 1868-1874 and Frome |
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1874-1876. Lord Justice of Appeal 1885- |
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1897. PC 1885 |
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25 Dec 1899 |
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2 |
Henry Ludlow Lopes |
30 Sep 1865 |
8 Nov 1922 |
57 |
to |
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For information on the death of this peer, |
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8 Nov 1922 |
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see the note at the foot of this page |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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LUGARD |
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16 Mar 1928 |
B |
1 |
Sir Frederick John Dealtry Lugard |
22 Jan 1858 |
11 Apr 1945 |
87 |
to |
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Created Baron Lugard 16 Mar 1928 |
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11 Apr 1945 |
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Governor of Hong Kong 1907-1912 and |
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Nigeria 1912-1914. Governor General of |
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Nigeria 1914-1919.
PC 1920 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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LUGTOUN |
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29 May 1680 |
V[S] |
1 |
John Leslie,7th Earl of Rothes |
1630 |
27 Jul 1681 |
51 |
to |
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Created Lord
Auchmoutie and |
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27 Jul 1681 |
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Caskieberry,Viscount of Lugtoun,Earl |
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of Leslie,Marquess of Ballinbrieich |
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and Duke of Rothes |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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LUKE |
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9 Jul 1929 |
B |
1 |
Sir George Lawson-Johnston |
9 Sep 1873 |
23 Feb 1943 |
69 |
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Created Baron Luke 9 Jul 1929 |
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Lord Lieutenant Bedfordshire 1936-1943 |
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23 Feb 1943 |
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2 |
Ian St.John Lawson-Johnston |
7 Jun 1905 |
25 May 1996 |
90 |
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25 May 1996 |
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3 |
Arthur Charles St.John Lawson-Johnston |
13 Jan 1933 |
2 Oct 2015 |
82 |
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[Elected hereditary peer 1999-2015] |
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2 Oct 2015 |
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4 |
Ian James St.John Lawson-Johnston |
3 Oct 1963 |
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LUMLEY |
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28 Sep 1384 |
B |
1 |
Ralph de Lumley |
1362 |
5 Jan 1400 |
37 |
to |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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5 Jan 1400 |
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Lumley 28 Sep 1384 |
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He was attainted and the peerage forfeited |
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28 Jul 1461 |
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2 |
Thomas de Lumley |
29 Sep 1408 |
c 1480 |
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He obtained a reversal of the attainder |
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in 1461 |
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c 1480 |
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3 |
George de Lumley |
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13 Nov 1508 |
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13 Nov 1508 |
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4 |
Richard de Lumley |
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26 May 1510 |
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26 May 1510 |
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5 |
John de Lumley |
1492 |
1544 |
52 |
to |
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On his death the peerage passed to his son |
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1544 |
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George who had however been previously |
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attainted. Thus the peerage was forfeited |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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1547 |
B |
1 |
John Lumley |
c 1533 |
11 Apr 1609 |
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to |
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Created Baron Lumley 1547 |
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11 Apr 1609 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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12 Jul 1628 |
V[I] |
1 |
Richard Lumley |
7 Apr 1589 |
1663 |
74 |
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Created Viscount Lumley 12 Jul 1628 |
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1663 |
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2 |
Richard Lumley |
Mar 1650 |
17 Dec 1721 |
71 |
31 May 1681 |
B |
1 |
Created Baron Lumley 31 May 1681 |
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10 Apr 1689 |
V |
1 |
and Viscount Lumley 10 Apr 1689 |
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He was
subsequently created Earl of |
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Scarbrough (qv) in 1690 with which title |
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these peerages then merged |
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*************** |
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4 Mar 1715 |
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Richard Lumley |
30 Nov 1686 |
29 Jan 1740 |
53 |
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He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of |
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Acceleration as Baron Lumley 4 Mar 1715 |
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He succeeded as Earl of Scarbrough (qv) in 1721 |
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LUNDIE |
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28 Mar 1642 |
B[S] |
1 |
James Campbell |
c 1610 |
1645 |
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to |
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Created Lord Kintyre 12 Feb 1626 and |
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1645 |
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Lord Lundie and Earl of Irvine |
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28 Mar 1642 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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LUPTON |
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6 Oct 2015 |
B[L] |
1 |
James Roger Crompton Lupton |
15 Jun 1955 |
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Created Baron Lupton for life 6 Oct 2015 |
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LURGAN |
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14 May 1839 |
B |
1 |
Charles Brownlow |
17 Apr 1795 |
30 Apr 1847 |
52 |
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Created Baron Lurgan 14 May 1839 |
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MP for Armagh 1818-1832. PC [I] 1837 |
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30 Apr 1847 |
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2 |
Charles Brownlow |
10 Apr 1831 |
16 Jan 1882 |
50 |
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KP 1864. Lord Lieutenant Armagh 1864-1882 |
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16 Jan 1882 |
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3 |
William Brownlow |
11 Jan 1858 |
3 Feb 1937 |
79 |
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3 Feb 1937 |
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4 |
William George Edward Brownlow |
22 Feb 1902 |
30 Jan 1984 |
81 |
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30 Jan 1984 |
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5 |
John Desmond Cavendish Brownlow |
29 Jun 1911 |
17 Sep 1991 |
80 |
to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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17 Sep 1991 |
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LUTTRELL |
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24 Jun 1295 |
B |
1 |
Robert Luttrell |
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1297 |
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to |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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1297 |
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Luttrell 24 Jun 1295 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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LUXBOROUGH |
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8 Aug 1745 |
B[I] |
1 |
Robert Knight |
17 Dec 1702 |
30 Mar 1772 |
69 |
to |
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Created Baron Luxborough 8 Aug 1745, |
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30 Mar 1772 |
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Viscount Barrells and Earl of |
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Earl of Catherlough 16 May 1763 |
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See "Catherlough" |
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LYELL |
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4 Jul 1914 |
B |
1 |
Sir Leonard Lyell,1st baronet |
21 Oct 1850 |
18 Sep 1926 |
75 |
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Created Baron Lyell 4 Jul 1914 |
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MP for Orkney and Shetland 1885-1900 |
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18 Sep 1926 |
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2 |
Charles Anthony Lyell VC |
10 Jun 1913 |
27 Apr 1943 |
29 |
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For further information on this peer and VC |
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winner,see the note at the foot of this page |
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27 Apr 1943 |
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3 |
Charles Lyell [Elected hereditary peer 1999-2017] |
27 Mar 1939 |
10 Jan 2017 |
77 |
to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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10 Jan 2017 |
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LYELL OF MARKYATE |
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27 Jun 2005 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Nicholas Walter Lyell |
6 Dec 1938 |
30 Aug 2010 |
71 |
to |
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Created Baron Lyell of Markyate for life |
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30 Aug 2010 |
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27 Jun 2005 |
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MP for Hemel Hempstead 1979-1983,Bedfordshire |
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Mid 1983-1997 and Bedfordshire NE 1997-2001. |
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Solicitor General 1987-1992. Attorney General |
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1992-1997. PC 1990 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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LYLE |
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c 1446 |
B[S] |
1 |
Robert Lyle |
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c 1470 |
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Created Lord Lyle c 1446 |
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c 1470 |
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2 |
Robert Lyle |
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c 1500 |
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c 1500 |
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3 |
Robert Lyle |
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1511 |
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1511 |
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4 |
John Lyle |
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1545 |
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to |
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On his death the peerage became dormant |
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1545 |
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LYLE OF WESTBOURNE |
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13 Sep 1945 |
B |
1 |
Sir Charles Ernest Leonard Lyle,1st baronet |
22 Jul 1882 |
6 Mar 1954 |
71 |
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Created Baron Lyle of Westbourne |
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13 Sep 1945 |
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MP for Stratford 1918-1922, Epping 1922- |
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1923 and Bournemouth 1940-1945 |
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6 Mar 1954 |
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2 |
Charles John Leonard Lyle |
8 Mar 1905 |
1 Aug 1976 |
71 |
to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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1 Aug 1976 |
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LYMINGTON |
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11 Jun 1720 |
V |
1 |
John Wallop |
15 Apr 1690 |
22 Nov 1762 |
72 |
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Created Baron Wallop and Viscount |
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Lymington 11
Jun 1720,and Earl of |
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Portsmouth 11 Apr 1743 |
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See "Portsmouth" |
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LYNDHURST |
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25 Apr 1827 |
B |
1 |
John Singleton Copley |
21 May 1772 |
12 Oct 1863 |
91 |
to |
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Created Baron Lyndhurst 25 Apr 1827 |
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12 Oct 1863 |
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MP for Yarmouth IOW 1818, Ashburton 1818- |
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1826 and
Cambridge University 1826. |
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Solicitor General 1819-1824. Attorney |
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General 1824-1826. Master of the Rolls |
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1826-1827. Lord Chancellor 1827-1830, |
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1834-1835 and 1841-1846.
PC 1826 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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LYNEDOCH |
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17 May 1814 |
B |
1 |
Thomas Graham |
19 Oct 1748 |
18 Dec 1843 |
95 |
to |
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Created Baron Lynedoch 17 May 1814 |
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18 Dec 1843 |
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MP for Perth 1794-1806 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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LYON AND GLAMIS |
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10 Jul 1606 |
B[S] |
1 |
Patrick Lyon, 9th Lord Glamis |
1575 |
1 Sep 1616 |
41 |
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Created Lord
Lyon and Glamis and |
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Earl of Kinghorn 10 Jul 1606 |
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1 Sep 1616 |
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2 |
John Lyon, 2nd Earl of Kinghorne |
13 Aug 1596 |
12 May 1647 |
50 |
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12 May 1647 |
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3 |
Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Kinghorne |
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1 Jul 1677 |
V[S] |
1 |
On 1 July 1677 he received a new charter as |
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Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne,Viscount Lyon, |
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Lord Glamis, Tannadyce,Sidlaw and Stradichtie |
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with the original precedence - see "Strathmore |
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and Kinghorne" |
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LYONS |
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25 Jun 1856 |
B |
1 |
Sir Edmund Lyons,1st baronet |
21 Nov 1790 |
23 Nov 1858 |
68 |
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Created Baron Lyons 25 Jun 1856 |
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23 Nov 1858 |
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2 |
Richard Bickerton Pemell Lyons |
26 Apr 1817 |
5 Dec 1887 |
70 |
24 Nov 1881 |
V |
1 |
Created Viscount Lyons 24 Nov 1881 |
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to |
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PC 1865 |
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5 Dec 1887 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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LYONS OF BRIGHTON |
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22 Jan 1975 |
B[L] |
1 |
Braham Jack Dennis Lyons |
11 Sep 1918 |
18 Jan 1978 |
59 |
to |
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Created Baron Lyons of Brighton for life |
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18 Jan 1978 |
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22 Jan 1975 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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LYTTELTON |
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18 Feb 1641 |
B |
1 |
Edward Littleton |
1589 |
27 Aug 1645 |
56 |
to |
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Created Baron Lyttelton 18 Feb 1641 |
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27 Aug 1645 |
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MP for Bishops Castle 1614, Leominster |
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1625 and Carnarvon 1628. Solicitor |
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General 1634-1640. Lord Keeper 1641-1645 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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18 Nov 1756 |
B |
1 |
Sir George Lyttelton,5th baronet |
17 Jan 1709 |
22 Aug 1773 |
64 |
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Created Baron Lyttelton 18 Nov 1756 |
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MP for Okehampton 1735-1756. Chancellor |
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of the Exchequer 1755-1756. PC 1754 |
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22 Aug 1773 |
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2 |
Thomas Lyttelton |
30 Jan 1744 |
27 Nov 1779 |
35 |
to |
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MP for Bewdley 1768-1769
PC 1775 |
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27 Nov 1779 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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For further information on the death of this peer, |
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see the note at the foot of this page |
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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13 Aug 1794 |
B |
1 |
Sir William Henry Lyttelton,7th baronet |
24 Dec 1724 |
14 Sep 1808 |
83 |
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Created Baron Westcote 29 Apr 1776 |
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and Baron Lyttelton 13 Aug 1794 |
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MP for Bewdley 1748-1755 and 1774-1790 |
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Governor
of South Carolina 1755-1760 and |
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Jamaica 1760-1766 |
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14 Sep 1808 |
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2 |
George Fulke Lyttelton |
27 Oct 1763 |
12 Nov 1828 |
65 |
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MP for Bewdley 1790-1796 |
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12 Nov 1828 |
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3 |
William Henry Lyttelton |
3 Apr 1782 |
30 Apr 1837 |
55 |
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MP for Worcestershire 1806-1820. Lord |
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Lieutenant Worcester 1833-1837 |
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30 Apr 1837 |
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4 |
George William Lyttelton |
31 Mar 1817 |
18 Apr 1876 |
59 |
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Lord Lieutenant Worcester 1839-1876 PC 1869 |
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For information on the death of this peer, see |
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the note at the foot of this page |
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18 Apr 1876 |
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5 |
Charles George Lyttelton |
27 Oct 1842 |
9 Jun 1922 |
79 |
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MP for Worcestershire East 1868-1874 |
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He succeeded to the Viscountcy of Cobham |
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(qv) in 1889 with which title this peerage |
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then merged and so remains |
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LYTTELTON OF ALDERSHOT |
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19 Apr 2000 |
B[L] |
1 |
Thomas Orlando Lyttelton,3rd Viscount Chandos |
12 Feb 1953 |
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Created Baron Lyttelton of Aldershot for life |
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19 Apr 2000 |
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LYTTON |
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14 Jul 1866 |
B |
1 |
Sir Edward George Earle Lytton |
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Bulwer-Lytton,1st baronet |
25 May 1803 |
18 Jan 1873 |
69 |
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Created Baron Lytton 14 Jul 1866 |
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MP for St.Ives 1831-1832, Lincoln 1832- |
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1841 and
Hertfordshire 1852-1866. |
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Secretary of State for Colonies 1858-1859 |
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PC 1858 |
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For further information on this peer,see the |
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note at the foot of this page |
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18 Jan 1873 |
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2 |
Edward Robert Lytton Bulwer-Lytton |
8 Nov 1831 |
24 Nov 1891 |
60 |
28 Apr 1880 |
E |
1 |
Created Viscount Knebworth and Earl |
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of Lytton 28 Apr 1880 |
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Viceroy of India 1876-1880. PC 1888 |
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24 Nov 1891 |
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2 |
Victor Alexander George Robert |
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Bulwer-Lytton |
9 Aug 1876 |
25 Oct 1947 |
71 |
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Governor of Bengal 1922-1927. PC 1919 |
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KG 1933 |
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25 Oct 1947 |
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3 |
Neville Stephen Bulwer-Lytton |
6 Feb 1879 |
9 Feb 1951 |
72 |
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9 Feb 1951 |
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4 |
Noel Anthony Scawen Lytton |
7 Apr 1900 |
18 Jan 1985 |
84 |
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He subsequently [1957] succeeded as 17th Lord |
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Wentworth (qv) |
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18 Jan 1985 |
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5 |
John Peter Michael Scawen Lytton [Elected |
7 Jun 1950 |
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hereditary peer 2011-] |
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LYVEDEN |
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28 Jun 1859 |
B |
1 |
Robert Vernon (Vernon Smith until 1859) |
23 Feb 1800 |
10 Nov 1873 |
73 |
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Created Baron Lyveden 28 Jun 1859 |
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MP for Tralee 1829-1831 and Northampton |
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1831-1859. Secretary at War 1852. President |
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of the Board of Control 1855-1858. PC 1841 |
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10 Nov 1873 |
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2 |
Fitzpatrick Henry Vernon |
27 Apr 1824 |
25 Feb 1900 |
75 |
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25 Feb 1900 |
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3 |
Courtenay Robert Percy Vernon |
29 Dec 1857 |
25 Dec 1926 |
68 |
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For further information on this peer, see the |
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note at the foot of this page. |
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25 Dec 1926 |
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4 |
Robert Fitzpatrick Courtenay Vernon |
1 Feb 1892 |
9 Jan 1969 |
76 |
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9 Jan 1969 |
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5 |
Sidney Munro Vernon |
21 Nov 1888 |
19 Sep 1973 |
84 |
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19 Sep 1973 |
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6 |
Ronald Cecil Vernon |
10 Apr 1915 |
12 Sep 1999 |
84 |
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12 Sep 1999 |
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7 |
Jack Leslie Vernon |
10 Nov 1938 |
18 Dec 2017 |
79 |
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18 Dec 2017 |
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8 |
Colin Ronald Vernon |
3 Feb 1967 |
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Walter William Schomberg Kerr, styled Earl of
Ancram (1867-1892), son of the |
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9th Marquess of Lothian |
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Ancram
was born 29 March 1867, the eldest son of Schomberg Henry Kerr, 9th Marquess
of |
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Lothian. After entering the army, he was a
captain in the 3rd Battalion of the Royal Scots |
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Lothian
Regiment when, in October 1890, he was appointed Aide-de-Camp to the 7th Earl
of |
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Jersey, who at that time was Governor of New
South Wales. |
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As a result, he proceeded to New South Wales
where he was accidentally shot dead on 16 June |
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1892.
Burke's Peerage gives his date of death as 15 June, but it is clear from the
following |
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reports
that he died on 16 June, even after making due allowance for the time
difference |
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between the United Kingdom and Australia. |
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Little
beyond the mere fact of his death was ever reported in the British newspapers
of the |
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time. However, as one would expect, his death
was fully reported in Australian newspapers. |
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The
following report, dated Friday 17 June, appeared in the 'Sydney Morning
Herald' on 18 |
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June 1892:- |
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'News
was received late last night [i.e. 16 June] of the death of Lord Ancram, who
had been |
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accidentally shot while out duck shooting with a
party consisting of Captain Leigh and Messrs. |
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H.T.
and W.T. Edwards. The accident occurred at a place called Merrianga, about 18
miles |
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from Bombala, on the Delegate River. [Bombala is
today a small town in the south-east corner |
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of New South Wales in what is known as 'Platypus
Country' after the unique Australian animal, |
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which are often found in this area. At one time
Bombala was considered as a site for the capital |
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of Australia, but Canberra was eventually chosen
for this honour.] |
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'Great sympathy is expressed on all sides at the
death of Lord Ancram. |
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'An inquest on the body was held at Rowley's
Hotel today, before Mr. Coroner Murphy and a |
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jury of 12. Captain Leigh stated that on
Thursday, the 16th June, he was out shooting with |
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Lord Ancram and Messrs. H.T. Edwards, Wilbraham
Edwards, Hugh Greer, and Richard Smith. |
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About 2 p.m. we had finished luncheon, and Mr.
H.T. Edwards proposed we should go on |
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shooting. I saw Mr. H.T. Edwards and Lord Ancram
mount their horses, and was starting to |
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get my horse, which was about 50 yards away,
when I heard an explosion and saw Lord Ancram |
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fall
from his horse. I went to him and found him lying dead. Mr. H.T. Edwards was
riding on |
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about 70 yards in front of me. There was no one
with the deceased when he fell. I don't know |
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whose gun exploded. It was less than a minute
after Lord Ancram and Mr. Edwards mounted |
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that I heard the explosion. I was the first to
reach Lord Ancram. I did not notice his gun on |
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the ground. I don't think anyone was nearer to
deceased than 15 yards when the explosion |
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took place. The deceased was on friendly terms
with all the party. |
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'H.T. Edwards deposed: I was with the shooting
party yesterday on the Delegate River, near |
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its junction with the Snowy River. After lunch
we got our horses to start down the river. The |
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horses were tied close to where we had lunch,
and the guns were lying near them. I got on my |
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horse and started to ride down the river. I had
my gun in my hand. Greer walked on before me. |
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He had a gun. After riding about 30 yards I
heard the report of a gun behind me. I turned back |
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to see who had shot. When I had gone back 20
yards I saw Lord Ancram lying on the ground, |
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with
blood flowing from his head. Captain Leigh and my nephew were kneeling at his
head. I |
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said, "In the name of Heaven, how did it
happen?" My nephew and Captain Leigh did not seem |
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to have any idea of how the accident occurred. I
knelt down beside Lord Ancram, and saw that |
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life was almost extinct. He breathed for a few
moments after. We then washed the blood from |
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his face. The accident occurred at 1.15 p.m. We
then made a litter and carried the body to the |
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road,
about a mile away. I have no idea how it occurred. I did not see Lord Ancram
get on his |
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horse. There were two or three guns lying near
the deceased. I cannot say whether they were |
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loaded. |
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'Wilbraham Edwards stated: Just after luncheon
yesterday I took up my gun, from which I had |
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previously extracted the cartridges, and put it
alongside of Smith's, which was a muzzle-loader, |
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and wadded. I then got my horse, took up one of
the guns, and proceeded to mount; but it |
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being a nasty vicious animal, it started forward
and bumped and squeezed me against either |
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Leigh's or Smith's horse. During the confusion
an explosion took place. I looked underneath my |
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horse
to see if I had shot him. Then I heard Captain Leigh call out, "Good
God! Look at Ancram." |
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I
went over to him immediately and found him shot all over the face. I could
not say whether |
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it
was the gun I was carrying that exploded. I may have taken up the
muzzle-loader by mistake. |
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I
found afterwards that the muzzle-loader had exploded, and was marked all down
the barrel as |
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if it had been kicked by a horse. The gun was
lying on the ground amongst the horses after the |
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explosion. I did not see the deceased when the
gun went off. I am not sure that I had the gun |
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in my hand when it exploded. I don't know what
became of the gun. In the confusion I may |
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have dropped it. I don't think the horse kicked
the gun when I was trying to get on, and caused |
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the explosion. When I first saw the deceased
lying on the ground he was about five yards from |
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me. I am certain the explosion was accidental.
Sometimes I think the gun exploded above and |
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sometimes below the horse. I could not say which
for certain. I was on friendly terms with the |
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deceased. |
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'The jury decided not to call any further
evidence, and without retiring returned a verdict as |
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follows: - "We find that the deceased,
William, Earl of Ancram, came to his death at Merrianga, |
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on the 16th June, by means of a gunshot wound in
the head, accidentally received." |
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Flora Rawdon-Hastings, Countess of Loudoun in
her own right (6th in line) |
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and her daughter, Lady Flora Hastings |
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Flora was the daughter of James Mure-Campbell,
5th Earl of Loudoun (pronounced "Looden"). |
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On
her father's death in 1786, she inherited the Earldom, since the Earldom's
remainder |
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permitted descent of the title in the female line. |
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In
Jul 1804, she married Francis Rawdon-Hastings,2nd Earl of Moira, who was 26
years older |
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than her. After serving in the British Army
during the American Revolution, he was Governor- |
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General
of India between 1813 and 1823. During this period, he was promoted in
the |
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peerage to the 1st Marquess of Hastings in 1817.
His last posting was as Governor of Malta |
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from 1824 to 1826. |
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Notwithstanding the difference in their ages,
the marriage of the Marquess of Hastings and |
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the
Countess of Loudoun was extremely happy, both parties being devoted to each
other. |
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When
the Marquess died at sea off Naples in 1826, his wife was at the family home
in |
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Scotland. Finding it impossible that his remains
could be conveyed back to Scotland for |
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burial in the family vault, he directed that,
after death, his right hand should be cut off at |
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the wrist and taken back to Scotland, to be
ultimately buried with his wife upon her death. |
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Fourteen years later, as the Countess lay dying
in Loudoun Castle, she sent for the small |
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metal box in which her late husband's hand had
been preserved. The metal box was placed |
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in the bed alongside the Countess and remained
there until she died, when it was placed in |
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her coffin to be buried with her. |
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The Countess was the mother of Lady Flora
Elizabeth Hastings, the unfortunate subject of |
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one of the most painful scandals of the 19th
century, and the scandal which arguably did |
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the most damage to royal prestige in that
period. In early 1834, Lady Flora had been appointed |
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Lady of the Bedchamber to the Duchess of Kent,
mother of the future Queen Victoria. The |
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Duchess's
household was dominated by John Conroy [for further information on him see
the |
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note under his baronetcy] who was loathed by
Victoria, and Lady Flora, being part of his |
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circle, also earned Victoria's enmity. |
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Politics, too, played a major role in the
forthcoming scandal. The Hastings family followed the |
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Tory [i.e. Conservative] side of politics, but
the ruling party at the time (and as a result the |
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party which appointed most of the members of the
Royal Household such as Ladies in |
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Waiting) were the Whigs [i.e. Liberals] under
Viscount Melbourne. |
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In early 1839, Lady Flora consulted one of the
royal physicians, Sir James Clark, about abdominal |
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pains and a swollen stomach, but did not let him
conduct a physical examination. The change |
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in her figure soon aroused the obvious
suspicion, and Victoria (who at this time was still a |
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teenager) recorded in her diary that Lady Flora
was pregnant, accusing Sir John Conroy of being |
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the
father. The Whig-dominated Ladies in Waiting were outraged and demanded Lady
Flora's |
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removal, but no action was taken until one of
the Ladies requested Sir James Clark to make |
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Lady
Flora aware of the gossip circulating throughout the Royal Household. When
Lady Flora |
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heard of this, she demanded a medical
examination, in order to dispel the rumours. After the |
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examination had been completed, Lady Flora was
totally vindicated - not only was she not |
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pregnant, but the doctors confirmed she was
still a virgin. |
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Word of the affair soon spread beyond the palace
walls. Lady Flora had told her family all of |
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the details and they naturally wished to know
who was to blame for the slander on their family |
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member. The Hastings family contacted the press,
and soon accusations and counter- |
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accusations were flying thick and fast, each of
these flavoured by the Tory leanings of the |
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Hastings family or the politics of the incumbent
Whig government. The result was that the |
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Hastings family supplied copies of
correspondence to the papers which was extremely damaging |
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to
Queen Victoria, her Ladies in Waiting and Viscount Melbourne, the Prime
Minister. |
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On
7 May 1839, Melbourne resigned precipitating what became known as the
"Bedchamber |
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Crisis." Sir Robert Peel, the leader of the
Tory party, was invited to form a new government, but |
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he
made it a condition that the Queen dismiss some of her Whig-appointed Ladies
in Waiting. |
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Victoria flatly refused to do this, believing
that they were friends and confidants rather than |
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political appointees, and possibly also because
their dismissal would be interpreted as an |
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admission of guilt in the Lady Flora Hastings
affair. Peel therefore declined to form a new |
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administration and Melbourne was again returned
to power. |
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In the meantime, Lady Flora's health continued
to deteriorate and by early June 1839, she had |
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been
confined to bed in Buckingham Palace, where she lingered until she died, aged
33, on |
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5 July 1839. At the subsequent autopsy, it was
found that the cause of her swollen abdomen, |
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and the eventual cause of her death, was a
tumour on her liver. |
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Her death caused a fresh outbreak of criticism
of the Queen, which only died down months later. |
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Lady Flora's family, however, never forgave her,
and the Hastings family and, by marriage, the |
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Marquesses of Bute, refused to have anything to
do with the Queen during the rest of her reign. |
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The special remainder to the Barony of
Loughborough created in 1795 |
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From the "London Gazette" of 17
October 1795 (issue 13823, page 1074):- |
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'The King has been pleased to grant to the Right
Honorable Alexander Baron Loughborough, His |
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Majesty's
Chancellor of Great Britain, and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully
begotten, the |
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Dignity of a Baron of the Kingdom of Great
Britain, by the Name, Stile and Title of Baron |
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Loughborough,
of Loughborough, in the County of Surrey, with Remainders severally and |
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successively to Sir James St. Clair Erskine,
Baronet, and to John Erskine, Esq; Brother of the |
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said Sir James St. Clair Erskine, and the
respective Heirs Male of their Bodies lawfully begotten.' |
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Thomas Oliver Plunkett, 11th Baron Louth |
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Lord Louth was a magistrate who abused his
position to unjustly imprison one of his |
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tenants. The following report is from 'The
Aberdeen Journal' of 3 July 1811:- |
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'Lord Louth was this day brought up in the Court
of King's Bench to receive judgement, being |
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convicted in last Trinity Term upon a criminal
information for abusing his authority, and |
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oppression as a Magistrate in 1809, in issuing a
warrant against _____ Mathews, his tenant, |
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the Prosecutor, and having him arrested and
committed to Dundalk Goal [sic] for an alleged |
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felony, and having cut timber upon his
Lordship's estate between sunrise and sun-set. |
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'Judge Day recited the evidence given on the
trial, from which it appeared that the Prosecutor |
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held under the Defendent [sic], since the year
1801, a piece of ground in the county of Louth, |
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and was in the employment of his Lordship as a
labourer. No disagreement took place between |
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them, until the Defendent took a fancy to about
four acres of the Prosecutor's land, which the |
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latter refused to part with; and this drew down
upon him the displeasure of his Lordship, |
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which manifested itself in several acts of
oppression. In the month of December, 1809, the act |
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for which the Defendant was now before the Court
was committed. On a Monday in that month |
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he summoned the P[r]osecutor before him, for the
alleged offence of cutting the timber; but |
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the charge was not acted upon, and he was sent
away, with orders to attend again on |
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Saturday. His Lordship, however, did not wait
for the expiration of the time, but on the |
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intermediate
Thursday he went with a constable to the Prosecutor's house, and arrested
him |
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upon the warrant. In vain did he implore his
Lordship's clemency, urging that his wife was |
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despaired of in a fever, and that his child lay
dead in the next apartment to her. In vain did |
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he urge his innocence; for, after a most minute
investigation, not a trace appeared to |
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warrant the charge of cutting the trees, none
having ever grown where they were alleged to |
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have been cut. His Lordship was inexorable, and,
without either oath, information, or any |
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document whatever to substantiate the charge,
committed the Prosecutor to prison for a |
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felony, where he lay confined in a dungeon, as a
felon, for 24 days, and was not delivered |
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until the Assizes, when he was discharged, for
want of prosecution. The defence set up by |
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the Defendent on his trial was error in
judgment; but every circumstance tended to prove |
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that
his Lordship was actuated by malicious motives, and that is was done in
revenge, in |
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consequence of the Prosecutor's refusal to give
up the few acres. The Learned Judge, after |
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expatiating upon the several parts of this case
in the most eloquent and impressive terms, |
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stated that the Court had taken a considerable
time to mature their opinion of what the |
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sentence ought to be, and thereby afforded the
Defendent an opportunity for making |
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compensation to the Prosecutor, which had been
done; but that reparation to the Public |
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for the injury yet remained, and, in order to
set an example to Magistrates, no matter what |
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their rank, that the British Code of Law, like
the Supreme Being, was no respecter of person |
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or rank, the Court had decided as the sentence
of his Lordship, that he be imprisoned in |
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Newgate for three calender [sic] months. His
Lordship made a bow and retired with the |
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Sheriff.' |
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The special remainder to the Barony of Lovaine
created in 1784 |
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From the "London Gazette" of 27
January 1784 (issue 12514, page 2):- |
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'The King has been pleased to grant to His Grace
Hugh Duke of Northumberland, during his natural |
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Life, the Dignity of a Baron of the Kingdom of
Great Britain, by the Name, Stile and Title of Lord |
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Lovaine, Baron of Alnwick in the County of
Northumberland; with Remainder to his Grace's Second |
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Son, Algernon Percy, Esq; (commonly called Lord
Algernon Percy) and the Heirs Male of his Body |
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lawfully begotten.' |
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The Lovat peerage claims of 1885 and 1897 |
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In June 1885, the Committee for Privileges of
the House of Lords heard a claim by a Mr. John |
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Fraser,
of Carnarvon in Wales, to the Lovat peerage. His claim was eventually
dismissed, |
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following which 'The Times' commented on the
case as follows [26 June 1885]:- |
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'The claim of Mr. John Fraser, of Carnarvon, to
the dignity of Lord Lovat of the peerage of |
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Scotland was rejected yesterday by the unanimous
sentence of the Committee of Privileges |
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of the House of Lords. In Lord Bramwell's
opinion the claim was honestly made; but this was |
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the utmost that Lord Bramwell or any other
member of the Committee could find to say in |
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favour of it. It was improbable on the face of
it, and the more it was looked into the stronger |
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did the improbabilities appear. Of direct
evidence there was little or none brought forward in its |
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support, and plenty that was absolutely fatal to
it. The case furnishes, at best, good material |
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for a romance; but the story teller who adopts
it must take liberties with the dates and facts |
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if he is to present it in a form sufficiently
credible to satisfy the demands of fiction. That the |
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Committee of Privileges would accept it became
more and more unlikely as the case went on, |
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and when the case for the present holder of the
title had been heard all doubt was at an end. |
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The veritable history of the Lovat peerage and
of its past holders has been strange enough, |
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but fiction has, for once, been found stranger
than the truth - too strange for Mr. Charles |
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Russell's advocacy, or for the belief of the
Committee of Privileges. |
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'The Lovat peerage case takes us back to very
remote days. The disputed title is held by a |
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descendant of the second son of Alexander, the
fourth Lord Lovat, who died in 1558. This Lord |
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Lovat was succeeded by his eldest son, Hugh,
whose line became extinct in 1815, the title |
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meanwhile
having been forfeited by the attainder of the tenth [sic for eleventh] lord -
an |
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attainder
which was reversed in 1857 in favour of the father of the present lord. The
claim of |
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the present lord is thus derived through a
younger branch of the family, and is valid only if |
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the elder branch has become extinct. The case of
Mr. John Fraser, of Carnarvon, is that the |
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elder branch has survived, and that he is the
present representative of it. The whole question |
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turns on the history and the date of the death
of Alexander Fraser, eldest son of Thomas of |
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Beaufort, a younger son of the seventh Lord
Lovat, who died in 1646. It is certain that Thomas |
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of Beaufort's line came duly to the succession,
but the line was continued, not in Alexander, |
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the eldest son, but in the younger son, Simon.
The case put forward for John Fraser is that this |
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ought not to have been, inasmuch that Alexander,
the elder son, was alive at the time. |
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Alexander, it was shown, was born not later than
1663. In 1689 he raised a force of clansmen |
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to aid the rebellion under Dundee and on this
account and as having been guilty of a homicide |
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his life was in danger from the law. [The
homicide charge related to the murder of a musician |
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whom Alexander Lovat believed had insulted his
family]. It seems, however, from the bills of |
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mortality of the parish of Wardlaw, that
Alexander Fraser died in 1689, pre-deceasing his |
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father, Thomas of Beaufort. If this was so,
there was an end to the petitioner's case, for it |
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was not so much as alleged that Alexander Fraser
had been married at that date [and therefore |
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could not have left legitimate heirs]. But the
petitioner's case is that Alexander Fraser did not |
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die in 1689, but that he made his escape to
Wales and there married and left issue. That there |
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was
an Alexander Fraser in Wales about that time and that the petitioner is his
eldest |
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descendant
was satisfactorily made out. The doubt was as to the identity of the two |
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Alexanders.
Alexander the Welshman was proved to have been a common miner, who had |
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worked in the land mines on the Marquis of
Powis's estate, and had earned wages of 1s 4d a |
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day up to the year 1776, in which year he died.
In the year 1738 this man had married, and had |
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had issue, his last child having being born in
1758. This is a strange history. It implies that the |
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Welsh Alexander, if he is identified with his
Scotch namesake, reached the almost patriarchal |
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age of 113 at least, that he wooed and won a
young wife of good family when he was 75 years |
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of
age, and that he was 95 when his last child was born. The handwritings of the
two |
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Alexanders, some specimens of which were
produced before the Committee, were as unlike as |
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their personalities seemed to be. Even their
names were not quite the same. Alexander Fraser |
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of
Beaufort always began his name with two small ff's. Alexander of Wales began
with a capital |
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F, and signed his name sometimes as Fresar,
sometimes as Fresr. It would have needed strong |
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direct testimony in support of John Fraser's
case to get over such grave difficulties as the |
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above, but no such testimony was produced. There
was a family tradition among the miner's |
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descendants that they were entitled to the Lovat
peerage, and this was about all. John Fraser's |
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explanation of his ancestor's mode of life was
that it was absolutely necessary for him to be in |
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hiding, and that he worked as a common miner in
order to be out of sight and safe. The Marquis |
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of Powis, on whose estates he worked, was, like
himself, a Jacobite, and was, moreover, a |
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friend of the Lovat family. This might explain
why it was that the exile had sought shelter with |
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the Marquis of Powis, but it was not very
friendly on the Marquis's part to put his illustrious |
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guest
to work in his mines, and to keep him at work there when he was some way
advanced in |
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his second century of life. |
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'The concealment of identity between the Scotch
refugee and the Welsh miner was so complete |
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and so thoroughly successful that it has carried
conviction to the mind of the Committee of |
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Privileges. Their resolve is that John Fraser
has failed to establish his case. If they had come to |
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an opposite conclusion, it would have been much
the same as far as John Fraser was concerned. |
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The title he sought had been in abeyance, and
had been revived in 1857 by a special Act in |
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favour of the father of the present lord. The
present lord has a twofold right to the title of Lord |
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Lovat, as a Scotch peer and a baron of the
United Kingdom. John Fraser's petition was for the |
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Scotch peerage, and the utmost he could have
shown about this was that Lord Lovat has no |
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right to it. This defect of title would have
been without remedy, for the Crown has no power |
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to create fresh Scotch peerages [as specified in
the Act of Union of 1707]. John Fraser's |
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success, therefore, would have amounted merely
to a confirmation of his family tradition. He |
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would have proved his right to a title which had
no existence until the Crown might be pleased |
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to revive it for him. It would be hard to find a more perfect
instance of much ado about nothing |
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than this whole case has been.' |
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In November 1897, John Fraser tried again. 'The
Times' of 17 November 1897 reported that:- |
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'Lord Low, in the Court of Session, Edinburgh,
yesterday gave judgment in the action in which |
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John Fraser, of Lovat-lodge, 10
Harrington-square, London, N.W., sues the Lord Advocate, as |
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representing her Majesty's Woods and Forests,
and also Lord Lovat, Beaufort Castle, Inverness- |
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shire, to have it declared that, as the heir
male inter aliaof Hugh,
fifth Lord Lovat - the present |
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Lord Lovat being a descendant of the second son
of the sixth Lord Lovat - he is entitled to the |
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barony and lands of Lovat and to the title of
Lord Lovat. He also seeks to have the defender, |
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Lord Lovat, ordained to account for his
intromissions with the estate since his succession in |
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1887
[the previous Lord Lovat against whom he had brought the 1885 case had died
in 1887, |
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and he was thus suing the son of the previous
peer], or to make payment of £120,000. Lord |
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Low gave judgment for the defender. He held that
Lord Lovat had produced a good prescriptive |
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title, and that it was incompetent to go behind
it and inquire into the origin and previous history |
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of
the title. Dealing next with the pursuer's contention that the barony and
lands of Lovat |
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should be declared an appendage of the title,
that the barony and lands could only be held by |
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the person legally entitled to the peerage, his
Lordship said that the pursuer averred that the |
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title was not created by patent, but that his
ancestors who held that title sat as lords of |
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Parliament in the Scottish Parliament, and that
the lands and barony were bestowed on them |
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by
the Crown as an appendage of the title. The pursuer founded [his case] on the
Crown |
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charter
of 1539 in favour of Hugh, fifth Lord Lovat, erecting the lands into the
barony of Lovat. |
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By
that deed the lands had, his Lordship held, been held since 1539 under an
ordinary feudal |
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title,
and there was no room for holding them to be an appendage of the title,
assuming such a |
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state
of matters to be known to the law of Scotland. But further, in 1894 [1885?],
the pursuer |
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claimed
the peerage of Lovat, and the finding of the Committee of Privileges in the
House of |
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Lords
was that the pursuer had no title to the right, dignity, and honours claimed
in his petition. |
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That
finding seemed to be destructive of the claim founded on the assumption that
he was Lord |
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Lovat. Lord Low dismissed the action against
both sets of defenders, with expenses.' |
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Fraser immediately appealed this decision, but
his appeal was dismissed in February 1898. |
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The special remainders to the Barony and
Viscounty of Lowther created in 1797 |
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From the "London Gazette" of 7 October
1797 (issue 14052, page 968):- |
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"The King has been pleased to grant the
Dignities of Baron and Viscount of the Kingdom of |
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Great Britain to the Right Honorable James Earl
of Lonsdale for and during his natural Life, by |
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the Names, Styles and Titles of Baron and
Viscount Lowther, of Whitehaven in the County of |
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Cumberland, with Remainder to the Heirs Male,
lawfully begotten, of the body of Sir William |
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Lowther, late of Swillington in the County of
York, Baronet, deceased." |
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Anthony Grey, 3rd Baron Lucas of Crudwell |
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Anthony
Grey was the eldest son of Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent, and this styled by
the |
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courtesy title of Earl of Harold. On 8 November
1718 he was summoned to the House of Lords |
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by a Writ of Acceleration as Baron Lucas of
Crudwell, one of his father's subsidiary titles. |
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He died during the lifetime of his father on 21
Jul 1723, choking to death as a result of an ear |
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of barley becoming stuck in his throat. Because
he had no children, the title of Baron Lucas |
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of Crudwell
reverted to his father. |
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Peerage reference works have treated the
numbering of the Barons Lucas of Crudwell in differing |
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ways, depending upon the view taken as to
whether Anthony Grey should be included in the |
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numbering. "The Complete Peerage" and
Burke's include him as the 3rd Baron, whereas Debrett |
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does not - I have chosen to follow the numbering
shown in "The Complete Peerage." |
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Auberon
Thomas Herbert, 9th Baron Lucas of Crudwell, and his father, the Hon. |
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Auberon Edward William Molyneux Herbert [18 June
1838-5 November 1906] |
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The peerage of Lucas of Crudwell has a remainder
unique in the history of the English peerage. |
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It is the only English barony which can be
inherited by and through female lines of descent, but |
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whose remainder also defines the way in which
such descent will occur. In normal circum- |
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stances,
when the holder of a barony by writ dies, leaving no sons and more than one
daughter, |
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the
daughters become co-heirs and the peerage falls into abeyance until such time
as a single |
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surviving
heir emerges, or, more commonly, the Sovereign terminates the abeyance in
favour of |
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one
of the heirs. However, the remainder to this peerage states that, in default
of any male |
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heir,
the title should pass to the female heirs of her [Mary Grey, the 1st
Baroness] body by him |
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[her husband, Anthony Grey], but without the
equal division as to the right of succession |
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between co-heiresses. As a result, the peerage
cannot fall into abeyance, as would normally |
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occur but for this special wording. |
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The following report of Auberon Herbert's claim
to the barony of Lucas of Crudwell appeared in |
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the London "Daily Mail" of 5 June 1907:- |
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'The claim of Auberon Thomas Herbert to be
summoned to the House of Lords as Baron Lucas |
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of Crudwell in the peerage of England was
considered by the Committee for Privileges of the |
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House of Lords yesterday. |
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'Sir Robert Finlay, K.C., and Mr. Geoffrey Ellis
appeared for the petitioner; the Attorney-General |
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(Sir Lawson Walton K.C.) and Mr. G.R. Askwith
for the Crown. |
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'Sir Robert Finlay, K.C., said the peerage was
created in 1663 by Charles II in favour of the |
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first baroness, Mary, wife of the Earl of Kent,
who was succeeded by her only son, Henry, 12th |
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earl
by succession and afterwards by creation 1st Duke of Kent and 1st Marquess de
Grey. |
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Henry,
Earl of Kent, had already a seat among the earls in the House of Lords, and
therefore |
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his title of Baron Lucas remained in obscurity
until 1718, when his son, Anthony, styled Earl of |
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Harold
[qv], was summoned to the House of Lords in that barony, and by his death
without |
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issue the barony reverted to his father. |
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'The limitation to the first baroness was very
peculiar. It was to the heirs of the body, but with |
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a special clause that in case there should be
co-heirs the usual rule that it should be in the |
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power of the Crown to call the peerage out of
abeyance and summon one of the co-heirs, did |
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not apply, and that the Crown should forgo its
usual right in that respect. In that event the |
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peerage was to descend in such manner as it
would descend in the case of an "office of |
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trust," or that of a person "charged
with the care of a castle for the protection of the realm." |
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'Jemima, 2nd Marchioness de Grey and 3rd
Baroness Lucas, died in 1797, leaving two daughters |
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only, Amabell and Mary Jemima. Amabell, the
elder, married Alexander Lord Polwarth, who died |
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in 1781 without heirs. Lady Polwarth succeeded
her mother in the Polwarth estates in Wiltshire, |
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and styled herself Baroness Lucas, and by a
private Act of Parliament in 1810 the Crudwell |
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estates were exchanged for others in Essex, and
were settled exactly as had been the Manor |
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of Crudwell. For this purpose every existing
co-heir of Mary, 1st Baroness Lucas, was brought |
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into
settlement, the right of Amabell Baroness Lucas to the Crudwell estates being
admitted |
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to all. |
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'In 1816 Amabell Baroness Lucas was created
Countess de Grey with a limitation to the heirs |
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male of her junior sister, Mary Jemima Lady
Grantham, and the Crown recognised Amabell's |
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position as a peeress in her own right. She was
succeeded in 1833 by her nephew, Thomas |
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Philip Lord Grantham, as second Earl de Grey,
who also succeeded to the Crudwell estates. He |
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died in 1859, leaving two daughters, the elder
of whom became Countess Cowper. |
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'The Earldom of de Grey, being limited to heirs
male, devolved upon his nephew, George Frederick |
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Samuel,
2nd Earl of Ripon, now first Marquis of Ripon, but the barony of Lucas,
together with |
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the Crudwell estates, went to the elder
surviving daughter of the second Earl de Grey, Annie |
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Florence
Countess Cowper. She died in 1880 and was succeeded by her eldest son
Francis |
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Thomas, 7th Earl Cowper and 7th [8th] Baron
Lucas. He died without issue and the Earldom of |
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Cowper
became extinct. The second sister of the 7th Earl Cowper was the mother of
the |
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claimant. On the death of the 7th Earl Cowper
without issue, the claimant became tenant in |
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tail in possession of the Crudwell estates, and
he submitted that he succeeded to the Barony |
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of Lucas also as 8th [9th] baron. |
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'The learned counsel said the claimant was the
first person in the line of succession who, by |
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reason of not being already a peer or a woman,
had found it necessary to apply for a writ of |
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summons before he could use the title of Baron
Lucas. Alternatively, if his claim as the |
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representative of the senior co-heir, who was
the 6th [7th] Baroness Lucas, was not held |
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valid, he asked that the Crown should call the
peerage out of abeyance in his favour. |
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'The Attorney-General, on behalf of the Crown,
said their lordships could not accept the |
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claimant's case as established unless they
decided that the words in the letters patent ousted |
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the
prerogative of the Crown to decide in the case of co-heirs by whom the title
should be |
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borne. The claimant asked their lordships to
read the limitation in the patent as causing the |
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peerage, in the event of the estate devolving on
co-heiresses to pass to the elder sister as |
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of right, and to descend through her to her
heir. To so read the patent was an attempt to |
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limit the prerogative of the Crown to say in
such a case on whom the title should devolve; |
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and he argued that the words used in the patent
were quite insufficient, if that was the real |
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intention, to carry it into effect. |
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'After hearing evidence of the Marquis of Ripon,
the Lord Chancellor moved that the claim be |
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allowed. The motion was carried.' |
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After a successful political career, Lucas
joined the Royal Flying Corps in the First World War. |
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He was killed on 3 November 1916 while flying
over the German lines. |
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The following report appeared in 'The Washington
Post' of 13 November 1916:- |
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'Lord Lucas, formerly minister of agriculture,
is reported by cable dispatches to be either a |
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prisoner of war or dead - the presumption being
that he lost his life while serving his country |
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at the front in France as an officer of the
aviation corps. |
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'In the event of his death, it is his only
sister, the Hon. Nan Herbert, of Point Loma, Ca., a |
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professing socialist, and a leader of the
Theosophist cult of Mrs. Tingley [Katherine Augusta |
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Westcott Tingley 1847-1929 who founded Lomaland,
a Theosophist community at Point Loma, |
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near San Diego], who becomes, nolens volens
[willingly or unwillingly], a full-fledged peeress |
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of the realm, as heir to his baronies of Lucas
and of Dingwall. |
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'In spite of her socialism, I do not imagine
that she will rebel against becoming a peeress. For |
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when her brother, Auberon Herbert, succeeded to
the baronies of Lucas and of Dingwall, on |
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the death of his uncle, the last Earl Cowper,
she demanded and obtained from the crown a |
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patent
[dated 7 September 1907] granting her the precedence and status of the
daughter of a |
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peer, and the consequent right to the predicate
"honourable" to her Christian name, paying the |
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customary fees, amounting to something in the
neighbourhood of $1,000. |
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'Naturally, surprise was expressed that she
should have made this outlay, since the spending of |
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any money in procuring what is virtually a
nobiliary title is not in keeping with the doctrines of |
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socialism. |
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'The barony of Lucas dates from the reign of
Charles II, [and] was for many years merged in the |
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earldom of Cowper, and on the death without
issue of the last and seventh Earl Cowper, went |
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to his nephew, only son of his sister, Lady
Florence Cowper, who married the late Auberon |
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Herbert [i.e. the father of the 9th Baron]. The
barony of Lucas is one of the very few created |
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by the Stuart kings of England which descend in
the female line, and was originally bestowed |
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upon Mary, wife of Anthony, Earl of Kent,
passing through a number of families until it reached |
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that of the late Earl Cowper. |
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'The Hon. Nan Herbert, now presumably Lady
Lucas, created a considerable sensation when not |
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long after the death of her father, the late
Auberon Herbert, she presented to her American |
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friend and associate, Mrs Katherine A. Tingley,
the head of the Theosophic cult in this country |
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[America], the picturesque home she had
inherited from him, in the heart of the New Forest, for |
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use as a school of "Universal Brotherhood
and Theosophy." |
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'Known as Berrywood, it occupies the site of the
cottage or hut of a queer old character of |
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the name of Squa, the last of a colony of
charcoal-burners, who down to the Victorian era |
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made
the New Forest the scene of their operations. Squa had established a
squatter's right to |
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his hut and clearing, and before the crown could
recover possession the late Auberon Herbert |
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bought it, built himself a small cottage,
consisting of a bed and sitting room, and then, bit by |
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bit, as the humor took him, added a room here
and a room there, until the crazy but picturesque |
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looking pile was completed as it stands today. |
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'Although he detested fires and rather than
pollute the atmosphere with any such invention sat |
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in his overcoat to keep out the winter cold, yet
he was compelled to retain, in what became his |
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library, the old squatter's fireplace and
hearthstone, in order to be assured of his forest rights. |
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'At Berrywood the late Auberon Herbert made his
headquarters for nearly half a century during |
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the
intervals of his frequent visits to America. As the humor took him, he would
sleep in a |
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different room every night, and owing to this
when Mrs. Tingley took possession she found a |
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bed in every room on every floor. |
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'In the summer he used to proceed in one of
those old-fashioned gypsy caravan wagons to the |
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summit of one of the neighbouring heights and
live there like a hermit. |
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'He was a younger son of the third Earl of
Carnarvon, and uncle, therefore, of the present earl. |
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In
his early days he served in the English army, as a subaltern of the Seventh
Hussars, |
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throughout the Indian Mutiny, and then
volunteered for service under the flag
of Denmark |
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during the latter's war with Prussia and Austria
in 1864. It was there that he received the Order |
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of the Danebrog for his gallantry in jumping
over a breastwork and running out under heavy |
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Prussian fire to bring in a badly wounded Danish
soldier. He also was for some time an attaché |
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of the British Embassy at Washington, and
managed to win the friendship of Gen. Grant, whom |
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he accompanied throughout a portion of the
latter's campaign. |
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'The barony of Dingwall, which the Hon. Nan
Herbert inherits along with that of Lucas, is a |
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Scottish
honor and constitutes the outward sign of her descent from the great Duke
of |
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Ormonde, whose duchess was Baroness Dingwall in
her own right. |
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'Lord Lucas took service in the aviation corps,
because he had lost a leg in the Boer War, in |
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which he took part, first as correspondent of
the London Times, and then as captain of a corps |
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of mounted infantry.' |
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Henry Ludlow Lopes, 2nd and last Baron Ludlow |
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After Lord Ludlow died as a result of a hunting
accident, the inquest into his death was reported |
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in "The Scotsman" on 13 November 1922:- |
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'At
the inquest at Luton Hoo on Saturday on Lord Ludlow of Heywood,
Brigadier-General Smythe, |
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former secretary of the Herts Hounds, said the
deceased was riding his favourite horse, which he |
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had all last season, when he met with his fall.
The accident riding home from the hounds' opening |
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meet. He had been in good spirits all day, and
thoroughly enjoyed the day's sport. Taking a short |
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cut across the path, he turned his horse to the
left as if to ride to the hall door instead of the |
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stables, and brought it sideways on to the
rabbit wire round the cricket ground. Witness looked |
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round to find the horse slipping up on all four legs. |
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'Dr.
Lloyd said that the deceased had two, probably three, ribs broken and the
shoulder blade |
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fractured. Pneumonia developed. The deceased put
up a great fight, but the heart gradually gave |
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out. |
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'The
jury returned a verdict of "Death from heart failure following injuries
accidentally received." |
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Charles Anthony Lyell VC, 2nd Baron Lyell |
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In
April 1943, Lyell was a temporary Captain in the 1st Battalion, Scots Guards,
who were |
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at that time stationed in Tunisia. Lyell's
actions during the period 22 April to 27 April earned |
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him a posthumous
Victoria Cross. |
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The citation, which was published in "The
Times" of 13 August 1943, reads as follows:- |
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'From April 22 to 27, 1943, Captain Lord Lyell
commanded his company, which had just been |
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placed under the orders of a battalion of the
Grenadier Guards, with great gallantry, ability |
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and cheerfulness. He led it down a slope under
heavy mortar fire to repel a German counter- |
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attack on April 22, led it again under heavy
fire through the battalion's first objective on |
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April 23 in order to capture and consolidate a
high point, and held this point through a very |
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trying period of shelling, heat, and shortage of
water. During this period, through his energy |
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and cheerfulness, he not only kept up the
fighting spirit of his company but also managed |
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through radiotelephony, which he worked himself
from an exposed position, to bring most |
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effective artillery fire to bear on enemy tanks,
vehicles, and infantry positions. |
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'At about 1800 hours on April 27 this officer's
company was taking part in the battalion's |
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attack on Dj Bou Arara [Tunisia]. The company
was held up in the foothills by heavy fire from |
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an enemy post on the left; this post consisted
of an 88 millimetre gun and a heavy machine- |
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gun in separate pits. Realizing that until this
post was destroyed the advance could not |
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proceed, Lord Lyell collected the only available
men not pinned down by fire - a sergeant, a |
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lance-corporal,
and two guardsmen - and led them to attack it. He was a long way in
advance |
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of the others and lobbed a hand grenade into the
machine-gun pit, destroying the crew. At |
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this point his sergeant was killed and both the
guardsmen were wounded. The lance-corporal |
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got down to give covering fire to Lord Lyell,
who had run straight on towards the 88 millimetre |
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gun pit and was working his way round to the
left of it. |
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'So quickly had this officer acted that he was
in among the crew with the bayonet before |
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they had time to fire more than one shot. He
killed a number of them before being overwhelmed |
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and killed himself. The few survivors of the gun
crew then left the pit, some of them being killed |
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while they were retiring, and both the heavy
machine-gun and 88 millimetre gun were silenced. |
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'The company was then able to advance and take
its objective. |
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'There is no doubt that Lord Lyell's outstanding
leadership, gallantry and self-sacrifice enabled |
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his company to carry out its task, which had an
important bearing on the success of the |
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battalion and of the brigade.' |
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Thomas Lyttelton, 2nd Baron Lyttelton |
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Lyttelton is the subject of possibly the most
famous ghost story in English history. His career |
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falls into two broad sections - dissipated rake
in his earlier days, and rising politician in his |
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final years. I will expand upon Lyttelton's
earlier career at some future time, but for now I will |
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content
myself with the story of Lord Lyttelton's death. The story below is taken
from |
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"Chambers' Book of Days" [its full
title is "The Book of Days: A Miscellany of Popular Antiquities |
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in Connection with the Calendar, including
Anecdote, Biography and History, Curiosities of |
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History
and Oddities of Human Life and Character"] written by Robert Chambers
and first |
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published in 1832. |
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'Thomas, second Lord Lyttelton, who died
November 27, 1779, at the age of thirty five, was as |
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remarkable for his reckless and dissipated life
not to speak of impious habits of thought as his |
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father had been for the reverse. One of the
wicked actions attributed to him, was the seduction |
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of three Misses Amphlett, who resided near his
country residence in Shropshire. He had just |
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returned from Ireland where he left one of these
ladies when, residing at his house in Hill Street, |
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Berkeley Square, he was attacked with
suffocating fits of a threatening character. According to |
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one account, he dreamed one night that a
fluttering bird came to his window, and that presently |
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after a woman appeared to him in white apparel,
who told him to prepare for death, as he would |
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not outlive three days. He was much alarmed, and
called for his servant, who found him in a |
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profuse perspiration, and to whom he related the
circumstance which had occurred. According |
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to another account, from a relative of his
lordship, he was still awake when the noise of a bird |
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fluttering at the window called his attention;
his room seemed filled with light, and he saw in the |
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recess of the window a female figure, being that
of a lady whom he had injured, who, pointing |
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to the clock on the mantel piece, then
indicating twelve o'clock, said in a severe tone that, at |
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that hour on the third day after, his life would
be concluded, after which she vanished and left |
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the room in darkness. |
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'That some such circumstance, in one or other of
these forms, was believed by Lord Lyttelton |
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to have occurred, there can be no reasonable
doubt, for it left him in a depression of spirits |
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which caused him to speak of the matter to his
friends. On the third day, he had a party with |
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him at breakfast, including Lord Fortescue, Lady
Flood, and two Misses Amphlett, to whom he |
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remarked: "If I live over tonight, I shall
have jockeyed the ghost, for this is the third day." The |
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whole party set out in the forenoon for his
lordship's country house, Pit Place, near Epsom, |
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where he had not long arrived when he had one of
his suffocating fits. Nevertheless, he was |
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able
to dine with his friends at five o'clock. By a friendly trick, the clocks
throughout the |
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house, and the watches of the whole party,
including his lordship's, were put forward half an |
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hour. The evening passed agreeably; the ghostly
warning was never alluded to; and Lord |
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Lyttelton seemed to have recovered his usual
gaiety. |
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'At
half past eleven, he retired to his bedroom, and soon after got into bed,
where he was to |
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take a dose of rhubarb and mint water. According
to the report afterwards given by his valet, |
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he kept every now and then looking at his watch.
He ordered his curtains to be closed at the |
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foot. It was now within a minute or two of
twelve by his watch; he asked to look at mine, and |
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seemed pleased to find it nearly keep time with
his own. His lordship then put both to his ear, |
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to
satisfy himself that they went. When it was more than a quarter after twelve
by our |
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watches, he said: "This mysterious lady is
not a true prophetess, I find." When it was near the |
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real hour of twelve, he said: "Come, I'll
wait no longer; get me my medicine; I'll take it, and try |
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to sleep." |
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'Perceiving the man stirring the medicine with a
toothpick, Lord Lyttelton scolded him, and sent |
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him away for a teaspoon, with which he soon
after returned. He found his master in a fit, with |
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his chin, owing to the elevation of the pillow,
resting hard upon his neck. Instead of trying to |
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revive him, he ran for assistance, and when he
came back with the alarmed party of guests, |
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Lord Lyttelton was dead. |
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'Amongst the company at Pit Place that day, was
Mr. Miles Peter Andrews, a companion of |
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Lord Lyttelton. Having business at the Dartford
powder mills, in which he was a partner, he |
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left the house early, but not before he had been
pleasingly assured that his noble friend was |
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restored
to his usual good spirits. So little did the ghost adventure rest in Mr.
Andrews's |
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mind, that he did not even recollect the time
when it was predicted the event would take |
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place. He had been half an hour in bed at his
partner, Mr. Pigou's house at the mill, when |
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suddenly his curtains were pulled open, and Lord
Lyttelton appeared before him at his |
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bedside, and thought it so odd a freak of his
friend, that he began to reproach him for his |
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folly
in coming down to Dartford Mills without notice, as he could find no
accommodation. |
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However, said he, I'll get up, and see what can
be done. He turned to the other side of the |
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bed, and rang the bell, when Lord Lyttelton
disappeared. His servant soon after coming in, |
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he inquired: "Where is Lord
Lyttelton?" The servant, all astonishment, declared he had not seen |
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anything of his lordship since they left Pit
Place. "Pshaw! You fool, he was here this moment |
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at my bedside." The servant persisted that
it was not possible. Mr. Andrews dressed himself, |
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and with the assistance of the servants,
searched every part of the house and garden; but no |
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Lord Lyttelton was to be found. Still Mr.
Andrews could not help believing that Lord Lyttelton |
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had played him this trick, till, about four
o'clock the same day, an express arrived to inform him |
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of his lordship's death, and the manner of it. |
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'An attempt has been made to invalidate the
truth of this recital, but on grounds more than |
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usually weak. It has been surmised that Lord
Lyttelton meant to take poison, and imposed the |
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story of the warning on his friends; as if he
would have chosen for a concealment of his design, |
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a kind of imposture which, as the opinions of
mankind go, is just the most hard of belief. This |
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supposition, moreover, overlooks, and is
inconsistent with, the fact that Lord Lyttelton was |
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deceived as to the hour by the tampering with
the watches; if he meant to destroy himself, |
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he ought to have done it half an hour sooner. It
is further affirmed and the explanation is said |
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to have come from Lord Fortescue, who was of the
party at Pit Place that the story of the |
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vision took its rise in a recent chase for a
lady's pet bird, which Lord Lyttelton declared had |
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been harassingly reproduced to him in his
dreams. Lord Fortescue may have been induced, by |
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the usual desire of escaping from a supra
natural theory, to surmise that the story had some |
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such foundation; but it coheres with no other
facts in the case, and fails to account for the |
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impression on Lord Lyttelton's mind, that he had
been warned of his coming death a fact of |
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which all his friends bore witness. |
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'On the other hand, we have the Lyttelton family
fully of belief that the circumstances were as |
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here related. Dr. Johnson tells us, that he
heard it from Lord Lyttelton's uncle, Lord Westcote, |
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and he was therefore willing to believe it.
There was, in the Dowager Lady Lyttelton's house, |
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in Portugal Street, Grosvenor Square, a picture
which she herself executed in 1780, expressly |
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to
commemorate the event; it hung in a conspicuous part of her drawing room. The
dove |
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appears at the window, while a female figure,
habited in white, stands at the foot of the bed, |
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announcing to Lord Lyttelton his dissolution.
Every part of the picture was faithfully designed, |
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after the description given to her by the valet
de chambre who attended him, to whom his |
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master
related all the circumstances. The evidence of Mr. Andrews is also highly
important. |
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Mr. J.W. Croaker [sic for Croker], in his notes
on Boswell, attests that he had more than once |
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heard Mr. Andrews relate the story, with details
substantially agreeing with the recital which |
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we have quoted from the Gentleman's
Magazine. He was unquestionably good evidence
for |
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what had occurred to himself, and he may be
considered as not a bad reporter of the story of |
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the
ghost of the lady which he had heard from Lord Lyttelton's own mouth. Mr.
Croker adds, |
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that Mr. Andrews always told the tale
reluctantly, and with an evidently solemn conviction of |
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its
truth. On the whole, then, the Lyttelton ghost story may be considered as not
only one of |
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the most remarkable from its compound character,
one spiritual utterance supporting another, |
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but also one of the best authenticated, and
which is most difficult to explain away, if we are |
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to allow human testimony to be of the least value.' |
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George William Lyttelton, 4th Baron Lyttelton |
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Lyttelton committed suicide by hurling himself
down a high staircase well in April 1876. The |
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following edited account is taken from the 'The
Dundee Courier & Argus and Northern Warder' of |
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21 April 1876:- |
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'We regret to announce that Lord Lyttelton was
committed self-destruction. The melancholy |
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affair happened at his London
residence...............He died from the effects of a fall over the |
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banisters of the well staircase of his
residence, No. 18 Park Crescent, Portland Place, London. |
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The
inquest, which was held this afternoon by Dr. Hardwicke, in the drawing room
of the |
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mansion, is conclusive of the lamentable fact
that Lord Lyttelton, whose mind had lately been |
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obscured by melancholy, caused his own death. |
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'At the inquest the Rev. Edward Stuart Talbot,
youngest son of Mr. J.C. Talbot, Q.C., and son- |
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in-law of the deceased, was the first witness,
and said that being on a visit to his Lordship's |
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home he had many opportunities of knowing that
the deceased was suffering from a settled |
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depression of mind, and was being attended by
Dr. Andrew Clark and Dr. Munro for this disorder. |
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On
Tuesday morning last, witness, returning from a walk, was informed of the sad
event, and |
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saw his father-in-law in a state of
insensibility. Sir William Gull, Sir James Paget and Dr. Andrew |
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Clark were summoned, but could do nothing, and
Lord Lyttelton, who had been carried from the |
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hall where he fell, into an anteroom, died
eighteen hours after having received his injuries. |
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'Thomas Barnes, who had had seven years'
experience as an attendant on lunatics and persons |
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of suicidal tendency, said he had been for two
or three weeks employed in waiting on deceased. |
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On
Monday night his Lordship had little rest, and when he rose, shortly before
eight o'clock, |
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witness helped him to dress and began shaving
him. He had shaved one side of his face, when |
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Lord
Lyttelton, who had previously asked for the razor, and had, of course, been
refused, |
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desired the witness to stop for a little time.
His Lordship then rose from the chair and walked |
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quietly up and down the room in a melancholy and
reflective manner. With great suddenness he |
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then dashed to the door, opened it, and rushing
out, closed it after him. Witness followed as |
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fast as he could, but was only in time to see
his Lordship grasp the banisters and vault or roll |
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over
them, hanging for an instant, and then dropping down the well staircase from
the second |
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floor landing to the hall beneath. Descending
the stairs rapidly, witness raised his head and |
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found him insensible. He summoned the butler and
a female servant, and they sent instantly for |
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Dr.
Clark. Witness said he had not the least doubt that the accident was
intentional, as |
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deceased had often told him he wanted to die.
When Lord Lyttelton asked witness to give him |
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the razor, he answered, "No, my Lord, I
cannot," In the decided opinion of witness, Lord |
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Lyttelton was deranged. |
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'Dr. Andrew Clark, who had known Lord Lyttelton
fourteen years, said he had attended him |
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latterly for melancholia. Both witness and Dr.
Munro had agreed that it was necessary to have |
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a watchful attendant, and Barnes was engaged,
from the institution at Clapton. Witness was |
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summoned to the house on Tuesday, and found the
deceased in the arms of his attendant, |
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quite insensible. Seeing that the injuries were
such required clinical treatment, witness |
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immediately sent for Sir James Paget. The
deceased lingered in an unconscious state for 18 |
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hours, and died very early on Wednesday morning
of fainting of the heart, which organ had |
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never recovered its action after the injuries
caused by the fall. The mental disease, which in |
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past
months had developed largely, had existed without delusions of any kind. But
he had |
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suffered from the simplest phase of melancholia
for some years. In the last few weeks of his |
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life, Lord Lyttelton was decidedly insane. |
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'Sutton Howe, butler to the deceased, said he
was carrying a cup of coffee upstairs to his |
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Lordship when he saw him fall. In several
particulars this witness confirmed other points of the |
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evidence given. |
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'After a short summing up by the Coroner, the
jury deliberated for a few minutes, and then |
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returned a verdict of "Suicide while of
unsound mind." |
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Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st
Baron Lytton |
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The following biography of Lord Lytton, which
pays special attention to his relationship with |
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his wife, appeared in the February 1956 issue of
the Australian monthly magazine "Parade":- |
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'The market place at Hertford, England, was
ablaze with gay blue-and-white banners one bright |
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spring day in 1858. The colour scheme was
repeated in the rosettes and streamers of the well- |
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dressed throng gathered round a central dais.
Conservative candidate Sir Edward BulwerLytton, |
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Bart., had won a resounding victory at the polls
and rounds of applause greeted his appearance |
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in cutaway coat, gay waistcoat and flowing
cravat. Just as the cheers subsided, an unkempt |
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woman leapt to the platform to tear at him and
spit a stream of abuse before collapsing in an |
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hysterical bundle at his feet. As she was
hustled away to a lunatic asylum by outraged police |
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and
electoral officers, her voice rose high above the excited clamour of the
crowd. "Lecher," |
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"Political Titus Oates," "Martial
Henry the Eighth." were some of the epithets caught by curious |
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ears. Sir Edward stood calm and aloof on the
buntingdraped rostrum until order was restored. |
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Except for his pallor, he gave no sign of the
humiliation he felt as he began a meticulously- |
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worded address of thanks to his constituents.
The meeting over, Bulwer-Lytton donned cloak |
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and silk hat, strode swiftly to his waiting
carriage and drove to his divorced wife's place of |
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confinement. Assured of her welfare, he returned
to his estate at Knebworth to bury himself in |
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a mass of literary and political work. |
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'Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton, later Lord Lytton,
had paid a bitter price for his marriage, 30 years |
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before, to the once-lovely Rosina Wheeler.
"Loving at first sight," the great novelist-reformer |
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had tossed his inheritance away to espouse a
penniless upstart of shady parentage. His "reward" |
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was years of intolerable victimisation.
Throughout his long struggle from self-imposed penury to |
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wealth and power, Rosina dogged him ruthlessly,
grudging every minute of toil over such master- |
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pieces as "Eugene Aram" and "Last
Days of Pompeii," yet recklessly squandering the fortune they |
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earned. She insulted and cold-shouldered his
brilliant friends and belittled him before lords and |
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lackeys alike. When the exasperated genius
finally discarded her, she frittered away her alimony |
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and feathered the nests of rogue lawyers with
reckless lawsuits that cost Lytton a fortune to |
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defend. |
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'Third son of a foul-mouthed, gouty old roue of
a general, William Earle Bulwer, and Elizabeth |
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Lytton,
a flighty but domineering woman who "never opened a book," Edward
George Earle |
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Bulwer,
who later [1844] added his mother's maiden name to his title to become
Bulwer-Lytton, |
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was
born in London in May, 1803. The wealthy general frightened his wife, beat
his sons and |
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quarrelled with everyone. His passion for port
was alarming and none wept when apoplexy |
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carried him off in 1807. The two elder boys were
bundled off to boarding school, but the delicate |
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Edward stayed at home to keep his mother company
and learn his letters from her. He was an |
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apt scholar. He could read at four; wrote
passable verse at seven, and rejoiced when grand- |
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grandfather Lytton willed his library of 20,000
volumes to mother and son. It occupied two- |
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thirds of the house and Edward spent hours
delving into tomes on witchcraft and other occult |
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matters. |
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'Scorning Eton, he compromised by studying
classics, politics and elocution under a tutor at |
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Ealing, where, still in his teens, he plunged
into a desperate romance with a girl whose name he |
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never recorded. The girl's father bundled her
away to Ullswater and married her off to a wealthy |
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business associate. She died of a broken heart
after writing Lytton a death-bed note vowing |
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eternal
love and imploring him to visit her "last lonely resting place."
They were highly |
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sentimental days. Lytton rushed to the gloomy
lakeside village and spent a whole night weeping |
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on her grave. At daybreak, still distraught, he
set out to walk through the wild Windermere |
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country as far north as the Scottish border.
Benighted on the Yorkshire moors, he sought shelter |
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at a rude shack tenanted by a seemingly-harmless
halfwit. He woke at midnight to find his host |
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bending
over him brandishing a billhook, and only after a fierce struggle was he able
to escape |
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over the fells. |
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'Deep in the Cheviot Hills he was waylaid by a
footpad, who robbed him of watch, money and |
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clothes, leaving him to struggle on, bruised and
bleeding, to Jedburgh, where he was succoured |
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by a kindly Romany band. He drifted into a
fantastic "rebound" romance with a pretty gypsy girl |
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of 18, and wandered the Border country for
weeks, sharing the Romany diet of clay-baked |
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hedgehog,
poached game and wild berries. |
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'When
the fit of wanderlust wore off, Bulwer-Lytton returned to London, where his
mother |
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persuaded him to enter Cambridge. Though vowing
that love was "dead within him," he was |
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soon dancing attendance on lovely, elfish Lady
Caroline Lamb [1785-1828], who was already |
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notorious for her fantastic romance with Lord
Byron. Lytton's watchful mother broke this intrigue |
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by packing him off to Paris, where he became
wilder than ever. He seconded his friend Frederick |
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Villiers in a duel with a French count, joined
every reactionary group and dabbled in necromancy. |
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'His blond good-looks made him the target of
every flighty Parisian society woman. The love-lorn |
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beauties called him "Childe Harold"
after Byron's hero. He kept his head until captivated by the |
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Marquis de Roche-Jacquelein's daughter, Louise.
Although Lytton was accepted as a suitor, his |
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mother forbade the marriage on the score of the
girl's religion, and he was summoned back to |
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England. Before leaving he dashed off
"Weeds and Wild Flowers," a slim volume of Byronic verse |
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dedicated to the fair Louise. Then he drowned
his sorrows in a round of Paris taverns. He arrived |
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home as his mother was leaving for a soiree to
which Bulwer-Lytton escorted her. Mrs. Bulwer- |
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Lytton was still beautiful, and they made a
striking pair. |
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'It was a night of destiny for it was there he
met Rosina Wheeler, niece of Sir John Doyle, a |
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retired general. The two were soon deeply in
love. Rosina's father, however, was a "horsey" and |
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doubtful
character, and the domineering Mrs. Bulwer-Lytton would again have none of
the |
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match. Back went her son to the Continent to
plunge into the old round of dicing and boulevard- |
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strolling.
This time, however, he could not forget. He wrote Rosina more than 300
letters, sent |
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her a glittering engagement ring and arranged a
secret marriage. |
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'The extravagant absurdity of his love notes is
almost beyond belief. Addressing her as "Poodle," |
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he signed himself "Puppy." Commenting
on a trip he made to Richmond, he wrote "And so they |
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dressed my poodle in black and white? Oh zoo
darling! How like a poodle! And had oo oo's ears |
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curled
nicely, and did oo not look too pretty, and did not all her puppy dogs run
after oo and tell |
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oo
what a darling oo was? Me sends oo 9,000,000 kisses.....Adieu my poodle of
poodles....oo |
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own puppy." He announced his imminent
return for elopement by writing "My adored Poodle - |
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Many,
many thanks for oo darling letter. Me is so happy me is wagging my tail and
putting my |
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ears
down. Me is to meet oo tomorrow. Oh, zoo love of loves, me is ready to leap
out of my skin |
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for joy...." |
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'The complete anthology of drivel by one who was
to become a great author was assiduously |
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treasured by Rosina, to be put to good use long
after any poodlelike traits in her make-up had |
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been displaced by a wolflike ferocity. The
marriage was doomed from the start. His angry mother |
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disinherited
him. All he had from his father's estate was £200 a year. A young society
buck, |
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however, could not be expected to give up
carriage or hacks and they were soon deep in debt. |
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'Something had to be done. Closing his town
house, he moved to Pangbourne, Berkshire, where |
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he shut himself in the library and tried his
hand at novel writing. Within a year he had produced |
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ad produced "Falkland" [1827] and
"Pelham" [1828], a brilliant study of the age's dandyism. Both |
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earned about £1000. When publishers clamoured
for more, he tossed off "Eugene Aram" [1832], |
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"Devereux" [1829], "Rienzi"
[1835] and "Last Days of Pompeii" [1834], some of which are still |
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best sellers. |
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'Rosina saw progressively less of her brilliant
husband, and although baby Emily, born in 1828, |
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engaged much of her attention, she began to
fancy herself slighted. She cultivated a hacking |
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cough and dropped dire hints of a consumptive
history. |
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'Bulwer-Lytton worked harder as he grew in
literary stature. His frequent trips to interview |
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publishers increased Rosina's discontent, and
she fancied herself deeply wronged. She sulked |
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and raged by turns and ran up tremendous bills
for dresses and jewellery. She was not even |
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satisfied when he moved back to London for her
benefit. Scornful of his great friends, Disraeli, |
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Tom Moore and Byron's half-sister, Aurora Leigh,
she sat like a stuffed owl at his dinner parties; |
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blazing
with diamonds, yet speechless. In three "tearing, raging years" of
social climbing, |
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domestic squabbling and political wire-pulling,
BulwerLytton still managed to write three more |
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novels, a magnificent historical volume called
"England and the English," and the controversial |
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"Paul Clifford," which flew the flag
of prison reform [see further comments below]. |
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'By 1834, he and his wife were hardly on
speaking terms. When Rosina refused to answer a |
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courteous dinner-table question one night, the
exasperated author seized the carving knife and |
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rushed at her. But instead of slitting her
throat, he gave her a well-deserved spanking in the |
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traditional
place. When butler and footman came running at her screams, Bulwer-Lytton
broke |
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from
their grasp and rushed from the house in tears. Rosina slandered him before
visitors, |
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provoked him in front of the servants and
accused him of every form of meanness, perversion |
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and cruelty. It was so bad by 1836 that he
collected his papers and walked out after allotting |
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Rosina £600 a year. |
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'Although she came grovelling when he was made a
baronet in 1838 he would have none of her. |
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She retaliated by writing a melodramatic
trash-novel, "Cheverley, or the Man of Honour," in |
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which
he was the villain. When he was elected M.P. she appeared at the hustings
and |
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denounced him before the crowd. Bulwer-Lytton
took no action to restrain his wife even after |
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his elevation to the peerage as Baron Lytton of
Knebworth in 1866. Working at terrific pressure, |
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he brought his book tally to 59, supported
numerous reform movements and held the post of |
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Colonial
Secretary 1858-9. It was he who granted Queensland separation from New
South |
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Wales. |
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'By 1873 Rosina and the years had taken their
toll. Lord Lytton, as he now was, died suddenly |
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at Torquay. He was hardly buried before London
was convulsed - and shocked - by the "Poodle |
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Letters." Though finally suppressed by his
indignant relatives, they besmirched the memory of |
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a noble literary and political figure. Rosina
died in 1882.' |
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Bulwer-Lytton is responsible for a number of
phrases that have since become famous in the |
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English language - "the great
unwashed," "the pen is mightier than the sword," and "the
pursuit |
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of
the almighty dollar." However, it is the opening lines of his novel
"Paul Clifford" which have |
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become his greatest legacy. "It was a dark
and stormy night...." Since 1982 the English Depart- |
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ment
of the San Jose University has sponsored the Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest
which seeks |
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to find the most deliberately bad opening lines
of a novel. These efforts may be found by cutting |
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and pasting the following
address into your browser - www.bulwer-lytton.com/winners.html |
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Prepare to laugh out loud. |
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Courtenay Robert Percy Vernon, 3rd Baron Lyveden |
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The following is an extract from the 'Chicago
Daily Tribune' of 29 May 1910. |
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'[A] peer who has brought to the House of Lords
the knowledge of what it is to have to |
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toil for daily bread is Lord Lyveden. He is well
known in the United States as the organizer |
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of visits of municipal authorities and of
members of parliament to this country for the |
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purpose of instruction and of the promotion of a
better understanding between the two |
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great English speaking powers. Lord Lyveden, as
Courtney Vernon, having failed to pass |
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his examination for a commission in the army,
enlisted in the Royal Artillery, then became |
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an actor in the Bancroft Haymarket company,
migrated to New York where, losing his money, |
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he became in turn waiter in a Bowery restaurant,
a market gardener in Wilmington, Del., a |
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hackman in New York and in Charlotte, N.C., the
part owner of a small fishing boat at |
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Charleston, which foundered on the night of the
earthquake in 1885; a cabin steward on |
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the American ocean liner City of Paris, a purser
on some of the lake steamers, impresario |
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of a company touring the United States and
caterer to a navigation company on its vessels |
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running between Hamburg and Harwich.' |
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A more comprehensive account of Lyveden's
adventurous life appeared in the 'Chicago Daily |
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Tribune' on 3 January 1904:- |
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'Among the stories of the British peerage are
many chapters as romantic as any you will find in |
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fiction, but it is doubtful whether any of them
all is as crowded with strange experiences and |
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vicissitudes as that which gives the life story
of the third and present Lord Lyveden. |
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'As Courtenay Percy Vernon, son of a country
rector, he failed to pass his examination for the |
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army. But he took his fate boldly into his hands
and enlisted as a private in the Royal Artillery. |
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"I
put my pride in my pocket," he says, "and shared and thoroughly
enjoyed the lot of the |
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Tommy, whom I found to be a splendid fellow in
all ways and a thorough gentleman at heart." |
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'But
there was a restless, roving strain in Mr. Vernon's blood, and after eight
months of |
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soldiering we find him on the London stage,
playing a utility part at the Haymarket theater. From |
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this modest start he had risen within two years
to the dignified position of "second lead," when |
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he abandoned the footlights and made his way to
America. |
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'Landing at New York with but a few pounds in
his pocket, he served for a time in a Bowery |
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restaurant, enlarging his acquaintance with
humanity and thankfully pocketing his tips; and then |
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he suddenly transported himself to North
Carolina, where he tempted Fortune as a nurseryman. |
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A little after he wearied of the life of
nurseryman and engaged himself as steward on a vessel |
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running between North Carolina and New York,
making in this, as in all his other callings, hosts |
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of friends by his geniality and entire absence
of "side." But again, after two years of life aboard |
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ship,
his love of the stage reasserted itself and he spent some adventurous months
travelling |
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through this country with a company. From
America he returned to England, and we find him |
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playing the leading part in
"Diplomacy," and playing it excellently, too; and, emboldened by
his |
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success,
the embryo peer started a company of his own and toured with it, with
varying |
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success, for a year. |
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'He had now had ten years of roaming, and,
thinking it was time to rest a little, he married, in |
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1890, a charming woman, the daughter of an army
officer, and settled down to nursery work |
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again - this time near Higham Ferrers, where he
spent four years of hard work and happiness, |
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and incidentally introduced to the world a new
tomato known by his initials as the "P.V." But |
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fortune
was not kind to him, and he secured an engagement as third steward on a
vessel |
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trading between London and Dublin. |
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'After eight months of this experience he
exchanged to the City of Paris, and later became |
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bedroom
steward on a mail boat sailing to South America. During this last term of
service Mr. |
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Vernon contracted yellow fever, and for some
weeks lay betwixt life and death at Buenos Ayres. |
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'Another swift transition took this nomadic
aristocrat back to England, and for two years he |
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acted as steward on a vessel plying between
Barrow and the Isle of Man, a post which, during |
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the holiday season, was, perhaps, not so
pleasant as it was lucrative. |
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'Then
followed a more agreeable spell as principal steward on a holiday yacht, the
Ceylon; and |
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this paved the way to Lord Lyveden's last
enterprise, which was that of caterer to a line of |
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vessels belonging to the General Steam
Navigation Company. This was the work on which his |
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lordship
was engaged when news reached him that his uncle, the second lord, was dead,
and |
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that he was Baron Lyveden and owner of several
thousand acres of land. |
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'This is but a brief outline of Lord Lyveden's
kaleidoscopic life. Its full story would fill volumes |
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of thrilling interest; for he tells countless
stories of adventures and of hair-breadth escapes on |
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sea and land, not the least startling of which
was when his boat was upset in a heavy sea off |
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North
Carolina, and, after being rescued at the point of death, he was taken ashore
just in |
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time to experience one of the worst earthquakes
that ever devastated that coast. |
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'The hero of this eventful life is today a tall,
handsome, resolute man of 46, with much of the |
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breeziness and unconventional charm of a sailor;
and now that he is a peer of the United |
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Kingdom
he is as absolutely free from affectation as during the many years when he
made |
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countless loyal friends as plain Percy Vernon.' |
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Copyright © 2020 Maltagenealogy.com |
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