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PEERAGE |
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Last update 14/03/2024 |
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Date |
Rank |
Order |
Name |
Born |
Died |
Age |
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MIDLETON |
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15 Aug 1717 |
V[I] |
1 |
Alan Brodrick |
1656 |
29 Aug 1728 |
72 |
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Created Baron Brodrick 13 Apr 1715 |
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and Viscount Midleton 15 Aug 1717 |
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Solicitor General [I] 1695-1704. Attorney |
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General [I] 1707-1710. Chief Justice [I] |
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1710-1711. Lord Chancellor [I] 1714-1725 |
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MP for Midhurst 1717-1728. PC [I] 1703 |
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Aug 1728 |
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2 |
Alan Brodrick |
31 Jan 1702 |
8 Jun 1747 |
45 |
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8 Jun 1747 |
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3 |
George Brodrick |
3 Oct 1730 |
22 Aug 1765 |
34 |
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MP for Ashburton 1754-1761 and New Shoreham |
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1761-1765 |
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22 Aug 1765 |
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4 |
George Brodrick |
1 Nov 1754 |
12 Aug 1836 |
81 |
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MP for Whitchurch 1774-1796. Lord Lieutenant |
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Surrey 1814-1830 |
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Created Baron Brodrick [GB] 11 Jun 1796 |
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For details of the special remainder included |
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in the creation of this peerage,see the note |
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at the foot of this page |
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12 Aug 1836 |
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5 |
George Alan Brodrick |
10 Jun 1806 |
1 Nov 1848 |
42 |
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For information on the death of this peer, |
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see the note at the foot of this page |
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1 Nov 1848 |
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6 |
Charles Brodrick |
14 Oct 1791 |
2 Dec 1863 |
72 |
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2 Dec 1863 |
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7 |
William John Brodrick |
8 Jul 1798 |
29 Aug 1870 |
72 |
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29 Aug 1870 |
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8 |
William Brodrick |
6 Jan 1830 |
18 Apr 1907 |
77 |
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MP for Surrey Mid 1868-1870. Lord |
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Lieutenant Surrey 1896-1905 |
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18 Apr 1907 |
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9 |
William St.John Fremantle Brodrick |
14 Dec 1856 |
13 Feb 1942 |
85 |
2 Feb 1920 |
E |
1 |
Created Viscount Dunsford and Earl |
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of Midleton 2 Feb 1920 |
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MP for Surrey West 1880-1885 and |
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Guildford 1885-1906. Secretary of State |
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for War 1900-1903. Secretary of State for |
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India 1903-1905.
PC 1897 KP 1916 |
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13 Feb 1942 |
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10 |
George St.John Brodrick |
21 Feb 1888 |
2 Nov 1979 |
91 |
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2 |
On his death the Earldom became extinct |
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whilst the Viscountcy passed to - |
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2 Nov 1979 |
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11 |
Trevor Lowther Brodrick |
7 Mar 1903 |
30 Oct 1988 |
85 |
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30 Oct 1988 |
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12 |
Alan Henry Brodrick |
4 Aug 1949 |
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MIDLOTHIAN |
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3 Jul 1911 |
E |
1 |
Archibald Philip Primrose,5th Earl of Rosebery |
7 May 1847 |
21 May 1929 |
82 |
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Created Baron Epsom,Viscount |
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Mentmore and Earl of Midlothian |
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3 Jul 1911 |
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The peerages remain united united with the |
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Earldom of Rosebery (qv) |
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MILBROKE |
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30 Jan 1442 |
B |
1 |
John Cornwall,1st Lord Fanhope |
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1 Dec 1443 |
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to |
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Created Baron of Milbroke 30 Jan 1442 |
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1443 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MILDMAY OF FLETE |
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20 Nov 1922 |
B |
1 |
Francis Bingham Mildmay |
26 Apr 1861 |
8 Feb 1947 |
85 |
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Created Baron Mildmay of Flete |
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20 Nov 1922 |
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MP for Totnes 1885-1922.
Lord Lieutenant |
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Devon 1928-1936.
PC 1916 |
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8 Feb 1947 |
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2 |
Anthony Bingham Mildmay |
14 Apr 1909 |
12 May 1950 |
41 |
to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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12 May 1950 |
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For further information on the death of this peer, |
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see the note at the foot of this page |
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MILES |
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7 Feb 1979 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Bernard James Miles |
27 Sep 1907 |
14 Jun 1991 |
83 |
to |
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Created Baron Miles for life 7 Feb 1979 |
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14 Jun 1991 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MILFORD |
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22 Jul 1776 |
B[I] |
1 |
Sir Richard Philipps,7th baronet |
c 1744 |
28 Nov 1823 |
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to |
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Created Baron Milford 22 Jul 1776 |
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28 Nov 1823 |
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MP for Plympton Erle 1774-1779 and Pembroke |
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1786-1812. Lord Lieutenant Haverfordwest |
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1770-1823 and Pembroke 1786-1823. |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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For information on a proposed claim to this peerage |
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in 1891,see the note at the foot of this page |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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21 Sep 1847 |
B |
1 |
Sir Richard Bulkeley Philipps,1st baronet |
7 Jun 1801 |
3 Jan 1857 |
55 |
to |
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Created Baron Milford 21 Sep 1847 |
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3 Jan 1857 |
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MP for Haverfordwest 1826-1835 and |
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1837-1847. Lord Lieutenant Haverfordwest |
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1824-1857 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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2 Feb 1939 |
B |
1 |
Sir Laurence Richard Philipps,1st baronet |
24 Jan 1874 |
7 Dec 1962 |
88 |
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Created Baron Milford 2 Feb 1939 |
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7 Dec 1962 |
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2 |
Wogan Philipps |
25 Feb 1902 |
30 Nov 1993 |
91 |
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For further information on this peer,see the |
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note at the foot of this page |
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30 Nov 1993 |
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3 |
Hugo John Laurence Philipps |
27 Aug 1929 |
4 Dec 1999 |
70 |
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4 Dec 1999 |
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4 |
Guy Wogan Philipps |
25 Jul 1961 |
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MILFORD HAVEN |
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9 Nov 1706 |
E |
1 |
George Augustus |
30 Oct 1683 |
25 Oct 1760 |
76 |
to |
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Created Baron of Tewkesbury,Viscount |
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1727 |
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Northallerton,Earl of Milford Haven |
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and Marquess and Duke of Cambridge |
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9 Nov 1706 |
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He succeeded as George II in 1727 when the |
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peerage merged with the Crown |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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17 Jul 1917 |
M |
1 |
Louis Alexander Mountbatten |
14 May 1854 |
11 Sep 1921 |
67 |
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Created Viscount Alderney,Earl of |
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Medina and Marquess of Milford Haven |
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17 Jul 1917 |
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PC 1914 Admiral of
the Fleet 1921 |
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11 Sep 1921 |
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2 |
George Louis Victor Henry Sergius |
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Mountbatten |
6 Nov 1892 |
8 Apr 1938 |
45 |
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8 Apr 1938 |
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3 |
David Michael Mountbatten |
12 May 1919 |
14 Apr 1970 |
50 |
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14 Apr 1970 |
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4 |
George Ivar Louis Mountbatten |
6 Jun 1961 |
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MILLER OF CHILTHORNE DOMER |
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28 Jul 1998 |
B[L] |
1 |
Susan Elizabeth Miller |
1 Jan 1954 |
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Created Baroness Miller of Chilthorne |
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Domer for life 28 Jul 1998 |
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MILLER OF HENDON |
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14 Oct 1993 |
B[L] |
1 |
Doreen Miller |
13 Jun 1933 |
21 Jun 2014 |
81 |
to |
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Created Baroness Miller of Hendon for life |
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21 Jun 2014 |
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14 Oct 1993 |
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Peerage extinct on her death |
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MILLETT |
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1 Oct 1998 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Peter Julian Millett |
23 Jun 1932 |
27 May 2021 |
88 |
to |
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Created Baron Millett for life 1 Oct 1998 |
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27 May 2021 |
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Lord Justice of Appeal 1994-1998. Lord of |
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Appeal in Ordinary 1998-2004 PC 1994 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MILLS |
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22 Aug 1962 |
V |
1 |
Sir Percy Herbert Mills,1st baronet |
4 Jan 1890 |
10 Sep 1968 |
78 |
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Created Baron Mills 22 Jan 1957 |
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and Viscount Mills 22 Aug 1962 |
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Minister of Power 1957-1959. Paymaster |
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General 1959-1961.
PC 1957 |
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10 Sep 1968 |
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2 |
Roger Clinton Mills |
14 Jun 1919 |
6 Dec 1988 |
69 |
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6 Dec 1988 |
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3 |
Christopher Philip Roger Mills |
20 May 1956 |
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MILLTOWN |
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10 May 1763 |
E[I] |
1 |
Joseph Leeson |
11 Mar 1711 |
22 Oct 1783 |
72 |
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Created Baron of Russborough 5 May |
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1756, Viscount Russborough 8 Sep 1760 |
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and Earl of Milltown 10 May 1763 |
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PC [I] 1770 |
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22 Oct 1783 |
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2 |
Joseph Leeson |
1730 |
27 Nov 1801 |
71 |
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27 Nov 1801 |
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3 |
Brice Leeson |
20 Dec 1735 |
10 Jan 1807 |
71 |
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10 Jan 1807 |
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4 |
Joseph Leeson |
11 Feb 1799 |
31 Jan 1866 |
66 |
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KP 1841 |
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31 Jan 1866 |
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5 |
Joseph Henry Leeson |
10 May 1829 |
8 Apr 1871 |
41 |
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For further information on this peer, see the |
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note at the foot of this page |
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8 Apr 1871 |
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6 |
Edward Nugent Leeson |
9 Oct 1835 |
30 May 1890 |
54 |
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Lord Lieutenant Wicklow 1887-1890. PC [I] 1888 |
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KP 1890 |
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30 May 1890 |
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7 |
Henry Leeson |
22 Jan 1837 |
24 Mar 1891 |
54 |
to |
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On his death the peerage became dormant |
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24 Mar 1891 |
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MILNE |
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26 Jan 1933 |
B |
1 |
Sir George Francis Milne |
5 Nov 1866 |
23 Mar 1948 |
81 |
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Created Baron Milne 26 Jan 1933 |
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Field Marshal 1928 |
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23 Mar 1948 |
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2 |
George Douglass Milne |
10 Feb 1909 |
1 Feb 2005 |
95 |
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1 Feb 2005 |
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3 |
George Alexander Milne |
1 Apr 1941 |
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MILNER |
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15 Jul 1902 |
V |
1 |
Sir Alfred Milner |
23 Mar 1854 |
13 May 1925 |
71 |
to |
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Created Baron Milner 3 Jun 1901 |
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13 May 1925 |
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and Viscount Milner 15 Jul 1902 |
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High Commissioner of South Africa 1897- |
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1905. Secretary of State for War 1918-1919 |
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Secretary of State for Colonies 1919-1921. |
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PC 1901 KG 1921 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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MILNER OF LEEDS |
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20 Dec 1951 |
B |
1 |
James Milner |
12 Aug 1889 |
16 Jul 1967 |
77 |
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Created Baron Milner of Leeds |
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20 Dec 1951 |
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MP for Leeds SE 1929-1951
PC 1945 |
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16 Jul 1967 |
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2 |
Arthur James Michael Milner [Elected
hereditary |
12 Sep 1923 |
20 Aug 2003 |
79 |
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peer 1999-2003] |
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20 Aug 2003 |
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3 |
Richard James Milner |
16 May 1959 |
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MILSINGTON |
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13 Apr 1703 |
V[S] |
1 |
David Colyear |
c 1656 |
2 Jan 1730 |
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Created Lord Portmore 1 Jun 1699 |
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and Lord Colyear,Viscount Milsington |
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and Earl of Portmore 13 Apr 1703 |
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See "Portmore" |
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MILTON |
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9 Sep 1689 |
B |
1 |
Henry Sydney |
c 1641 |
8 Apr 1704 |
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to |
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Created Baron Milton and Viscount |
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8 Apr 1704 |
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Sydney 9 Sep 1689 and Earl of Romney |
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14 May 1694 |
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See "Romney" |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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21 Jul 1716 |
V[I] |
1 |
William Fitzwilliam,3rd Baron Fitzwilliam |
29 Apr 1643 |
28 Dec 1719 |
76 |
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Created Viscount Milton and Earl |
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Fitzwilliam 21 Jul 1716 |
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See "Fitzwilliam" |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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6 Sep 1746 |
V |
1 |
William Fitzwilliam,3rd Earl Fitzwilliam [I] |
15 Jan 1719 |
10 Aug 1756 |
37 |
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Created Baron Fitzwilliam 19 Apr 1742, |
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and Viscount Milton and Earl |
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Fitzwilliam 6 Sep 1746 |
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See "Fitzwilliam" |
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MILTON OF MILTON ABBEY |
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3 Jun 1753 |
B[I] |
1 |
Joseph Damer |
12 Mar 1718 |
12 Jan 1798 |
79 |
10 May 1762 |
B |
1 |
Created Baron Milton 3 Jun 1753 and |
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18 May 1792 |
V |
1 |
10 May 1762,and Viscount Milton of Milton |
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Abbey and Earl of Dorchester 18 May 1792 |
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See "Dorchester" |
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MILVERTON |
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9 Oct 1947 |
B |
1 |
Sir Arthur Frederick Richards |
21 Feb 1885 |
27 Oct 1978 |
93 |
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Created Baron Milverton 9 Oct 1947 |
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Governor of North Borneo 1930-1933, |
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Gambia 1933-1936, Fiji 1936-1938, Jamaica |
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1938-1943 and Nigeria 1943-1947 |
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27 Oct 1978 |
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2 |
Fraser Arthur Richard Richards |
21 Jul 1930 |
10 Aug 2023 |
93 |
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10 Aug 2023 |
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3 |
Michael Hugh Richards |
1 Aug 1936 |
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MINSTER |
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17 Jul 1821 |
B |
1 |
Henry Conyngham,1st Marquess Conyngham |
26 Dec 1766 |
28 Dec 1832 |
66 |
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Created Baron Minster 17 Jul 1821 |
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See "Conyngham" |
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MINTO |
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24 Feb 1813 |
E |
1 |
Sir Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,4th baronet |
23 Apr 1751 |
21 Jun 1814 |
63 |
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Created Baron Minto 20 Oct 1797 and |
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Viscount Melgund and and Earl of |
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Minto 24 Feb 1813 |
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MP for Morpeth 1776-1777, Roxburghshire |
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1777-1784, Berwick-upon-Tweed 1786-1790 and |
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Helston 1790-1795. President of the Board of |
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Control 1806. Governor General of India |
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1806-1813. PC 1793 |
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21 Jun 1814 |
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2 |
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound |
16 Nov 1782 |
31 Jul 1859 |
76 |
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MP for Ashburton 1806-1807 and Roxburgh |
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1812-1814. First Lord of the Admiralty |
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1835-1841. Lord Privy Seal 1846-1852. |
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PC 1832 |
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31 Jul 1859 |
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3 |
William Hugh Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound |
19 Mar 1814 |
17 Mar 1891 |
76 |
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MP for Hythe 1837-1841, Greenock 1847- |
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1852 and Clackmannan 1857-1859. KT 1870 |
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17 Mar 1891 |
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4 |
Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound |
9 Jul 1845 |
1 Mar 1914 |
68 |
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Governor General of Canada 1898-1904. |
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Viceroy of India 1905-1910. PC 1902
KG 1910 |
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1 Mar 1914 |
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5 |
Victor Gilbert Lariston Granet Elliot- |
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Murray-Kynynmound |
12 Feb 1891 |
11 Jan 1975 |
83 |
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11 Jan 1975 |
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6 |
Gilbert Edward George Lariston Elliot- |
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Murray-Kynynmound |
19 Jun 1928 |
7 Sep 2005 |
77 |
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7 Sep 2005 |
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7 |
Gilbert Timothy George Lariston Elliot- |
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Murray-Kynynmound |
1 Dec 1953 |
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MISHCON |
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10 May 1978 |
B[L] |
1 |
Victor Mishcon |
14 Aug 1915 |
27 Jan 2006 |
90 |
to |
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Created Baron Mishcon for life 10 May 1978 |
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27 Jan 2006 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MITCHELL |
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10 May 2000 |
B[L] |
1 |
Parry Andrew Mitchell |
6 May 1943 |
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Created Baron Mitchell for life 10 May 2000 |
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MITCHISON |
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5 Oct 1964 |
B[L] |
1 |
Gilbert Richard Mitchison |
23 Mar 1894 |
14 Feb 1970 |
75 |
to |
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Created Baron Mitchison for life 5 Oct 1964 |
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14 Feb 1970 |
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MP for Kettering 1945-1964 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MITFORD |
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18 Apr 2000 |
B[L] |
1 |
Rupert Bertram Mitford,6th Baron Redesdale |
18 Jul 1967 |
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Created Baron Mitford for life 18 Apr 2000 |
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MOBARIK |
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19 Sep 2014 |
B[L] |
1 |
Nosheena Shaheen Mobarik |
16 Oct 1957 |
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Created Baroness Mobarik for life 19 Sep 2014 |
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MOELS |
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6 Feb 1299 |
B |
1 |
John de Moels |
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30 May 1310 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Moels 6 Feb 1299 |
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30 May 1310 |
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2 |
Nicholas de Moels |
10 Aug 1289 |
Jan 1316 |
26 |
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Jan 1316 |
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3 |
Roger de Moels |
11 Jun 1295 |
Jul 1316 |
21 |
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Jul 1316 |
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4 |
John de Moels |
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Aug 1337 |
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to |
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On his death the peerage fell into abeyance |
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Aug 1337 |
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MOGG |
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28 May 2008 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir John Frederick Mogg |
5 Oct 1943 |
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Created Baron Mogg for life 28 May 2008 |
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MOHUN |
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6 Feb 1299 |
B |
1 |
John de Mohun |
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25 Aug 1330 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Mohun 6 Feb 1299 |
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25 Aug 1330 |
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2 |
John de Mohun |
c 1320 |
15 Sep 1375 |
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KG 1348 |
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15 Sep 1375 |
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On his death the peerage fell into abeyance |
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1431 |
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3 |
Richard le Strange,7th Lord Strange de Knockyn |
1 Aug 1381 |
9 Aug 1449 |
68 |
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Became sole heir in 1431. The peerage was |
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united with the Barony of Strange and |
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remained so until 1594 when the peerages |
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fell into abeyance |
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MOHUN OF OKEHAMPTON |
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15 Apr 1628 |
B |
1 |
John Mohun,later [1639] 2nd baronet |
1595 |
28 Nov 1640 |
45 |
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Created Baron Mohun of Okehampton |
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15 Apr 1628 |
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MP for Grampound 1624-1625 |
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28 Nov 1640 |
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2 |
Warwick Mohun |
25 May 1620 |
May 1665 |
44 |
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May 1665 |
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3 |
Charles Mohun |
c 1645 |
29 Sep 1677 |
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29 Sep 1677 |
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4 |
Charles Mohun |
11 Apr 1677 |
15 Nov 1712 |
35 |
to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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15 Nov 1712 |
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For further information on this peer, see the |
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note at the foot of this page. |
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MOIRA |
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30 Jan 1762 |
E[I] |
1 |
Sir John Rawdon,4th baronet |
17 Mar 1720 |
20 Jun 1793 |
73 |
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Created Baron Rawdon of Moira 9 Apr |
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1750 and Earl of Moira 30 Jan 1762 |
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20 Jun 1793 |
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2 |
Francis Rawdon-Hastings |
9 Dec 1754 |
28 Nov 1826 |
71 |
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He was created Marquess of Hastings (qv) |
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in 1817 with which title this peerage then |
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merged until its extinction in 1868 |
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MOLESWORTH |
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16 Jul 1716 |
V[I] |
1 |
Robert Molesworth |
7 Sep 1656 |
23 May 1725 |
68 |
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Created Baron Molesworth and |
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Viscount Molesworth 16 Jul 1716 |
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MP for Camelford 1695-1698,Lostwithiel |
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1705-1706,East Retford 1706-1708 and |
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Mitchell 1715-1722. PC [I] 1697 |
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23 May 1725 |
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2 |
John Molesworth |
4 Dec 1679 |
17 Feb 1726 |
46 |
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17 Feb 1726 |
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3 |
Richard Molesworth |
1680 |
12 Oct 1758 |
78 |
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Field Marshal. PC
[I] 1733 |
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12 Oct 1758 |
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4 |
Richard Nassau Molesworth |
4 Nov 1748 |
23 Jun 1793 |
44 |
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23 Jun 1793 |
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5 |
Robert Molesworth |
22 Dec 1729 |
29 Jan 1813 |
83 |
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29 Jan 1813 |
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6 |
William John Molesworth |
18 Aug 1763 |
30 May 1815 |
51 |
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30 May 1815 |
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7 |
Richard Pigott Molesworth |
23 Jul 1786 |
20 Jun 1875 |
88 |
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20 Jun 1875 |
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8 |
Samuel Molesworth |
19 Dec 1829 |
7 Jun 1906 |
76 |
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7 Jun 1906 |
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9 |
George Bagot Molesworth |
6 Jun 1867 |
20 Mar 1947 |
79 |
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20 Mar 1947 |
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10 |
Charles Richard Molesworth |
3 Jan 1869 |
24 Feb 1961 |
92 |
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24 Feb 1961 |
|
11 |
Richard Gosset Molesworth |
31 Oct 1907 |
15 Oct 1997 |
89 |
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15 Oct 1997 |
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12 |
Robert Bysse Kelham Molesworth |
4 Jun 1959 |
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MOLEYNS |
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13 Jan 1445 |
B |
1 |
Robert Hungerford |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Moleyns 13 Jan 1445 |
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He succeeded to the Barony of Hungerford |
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(qv) in 1459 with which title this peerage |
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then merged and has remained so |
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MOLLOY |
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12 May 1981 |
B[L] |
1 |
William John Molloy |
26 Oct 1918 |
26 May 2001 |
82 |
to |
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Created Baron Molloy for life 12 May 1981 |
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26 May 2001 |
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MP for Ealing North 1964-1979. |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MOLSON |
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21 Feb 1961 |
B[L] |
1 |
Arthur Hugh Elsdale Molson |
29 Jun 1903 |
13 Oct 1991 |
88 |
to |
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Created Baron Molson for life 21 Feb 1961 |
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13 Oct 1991 |
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MP for Doncaster 1931-1935 and High Peak |
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1939-1961. Minister of Transport and Civil |
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Aviation 1953-1957. Minister of Works |
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1957-1959. PC 1956 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MOLYNEAUX OF KILLEAD |
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10 Jun 1997 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir James Henry Molyneaux |
27 Aug 1920 |
9 Mar 2015 |
94 |
to |
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Created Baron Molyneaux of Killead for life |
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9 Mar 2015 |
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10 Jun 1997 |
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MP for Antrim South 1970-1983 and Lagan |
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Valley 1983-1997.
PC 1983 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MOLYNEUX |
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22 Dec 1628 |
V[I] |
1 |
Sir Richard Molyneux,2nd baronet |
21 Feb 1594 |
8 May 1636 |
42 |
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Created Viscount Molyneux 22 Dec 1628 |
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MP for Wigan 1614 and Lancashire 1625 |
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and 1628-1629 |
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8 May 1636 |
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2 |
Richard Molyneux |
c 1620 |
2 Jul 1654 |
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2 Jul 1654 |
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3 |
Caryll Molyneux |
1622 |
2 Feb 1699 |
76 |
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Lord Lieutenant Lancashire 1687-1688 |
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2 Feb 1699 |
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4 |
William Molyneux |
c 1655 |
8 Mar 1717 |
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8 Mar 1717 |
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5 |
Richard Molyneux |
29 May 1679 |
12 Dec 1738 |
59 |
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12 Dec 1738 |
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6 |
Caryll Molyneux |
28 Dec 1683 |
11 Nov 1745 |
61 |
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11 Nov 1745 |
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7 |
William Molyneux |
30 Jan 1685 |
30 Mar 1759 |
74 |
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30 Mar 1759 |
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8 |
Charles William Molyneux |
11 Oct 1748 |
25 Dec 1794 |
46 |
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He was created Earl of Sefton (qv) in 1771 |
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with which title this peerage then merged |
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MONCK |
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7 Jul 1660 |
B |
1 |
George Monck |
6 Dec 1608 |
3 Jan 1670 |
61 |
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Created Baron Monck,Earl of |
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Torrington and Duke of Albemarle |
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7 Jul 1660 |
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See "Albemarle" |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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5 Jan 1801 |
V[I] |
1 |
Charles Stanley Monck |
1754 |
9 Jun 1802 |
47 |
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Created Baron Monck 23 Nov 1797 |
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and Viscount Monck 5 Jan 1801 |
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9 Jun 1802 |
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2 |
Henry Stanley Monck |
26 Jul 1785 |
20 Sep 1848 |
63 |
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Created Earl of Rathdowne12 Jan 1822 |
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20 Sep 1848 |
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3 |
Charles Joseph Kelly Monck |
12 Jul 1791 |
20 Apr 1849 |
57 |
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20 Apr 1849 |
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4 |
Charles Stanley Monck |
10 Oct 1819 |
29 Nov 1894 |
75 |
12 Jul 1866 |
B |
1 |
Created Baron Monck [UK] 12 Jul 1866 |
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MP for Portsmouth 1852-1857. Governor |
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General of Canada 1861-1868. Lord |
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Lieutenant Dublin 1874-1892. PC 1869 |
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PC [I] 1869 |
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29 Nov 1894 |
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5 |
Henry Power Charles Stanley Monck |
8 Jan 1849 |
18 Aug 1927 |
78 |
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18 Aug 1927 |
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6 |
Henry Wyndham Stanley Monck |
11 Dec 1905 |
21 Jun 1982 |
76 |
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21 Jun 1982 |
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7 |
Charles Stanley Monck |
2 Apr 1953 |
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MONCKTON OF BRENCHLEY |
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11 Feb 1957 |
V |
1 |
Sir Walter Turner Monckton |
17 Jan 1891 |
9 Jan 1965 |
73 |
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Created Viscount Monckton of |
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Brenchley 11 Feb 1957 |
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MP for Bristol West 1951-1957. Solicitor |
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General 1945. Minister of Labour 1951-1955. |
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Minister of Defence 1955-1956. Paymaster |
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General 1956-1957.
PC 1951 |
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9 Jan 1965 |
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2 |
Gilbert Walter Riversdale Monckton |
3 Nov 1915 |
22 Jun 2006 |
90 |
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22 Jun 2006 |
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3 |
Christopher Walter Monckton |
14 Feb 1952 |
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MONCKTON OF DALLINGTON FOREST |
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12 Mar 2024 |
B[L] |
1 |
Hon Rosamond Mary Monckton, MBE |
26 Oct 1953 |
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Created Baroness Monckton of Dallington Forest for life |
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MONCKTON OF SERLBY |
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2 Jul 1887 |
B |
1 |
George Edmund Milnes Monckton-Arundell, |
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7th Viscount Galway |
18 Nov 1844 |
7 Mar 1931 |
86 |
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Created Baron Monckton 2 Jul 1887 |
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7 Mar 1931 |
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2 |
George Vere Arundell Monckton-Arundell, |
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8th Viscount Galway |
24 Mar 1882 |
27 Mar 1943 |
61 |
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27 Mar 1943 |
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3 |
Simon George Robert Monckton-Arundell, |
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to |
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9th Viscount Galway |
11 Nov 1929 |
1 Jan 1971 |
41 |
1 Jan 1971 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MONCREIFF |
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9 Jan 1874 |
B |
1 |
James Moncreiff |
29 Nov 1811 |
27 Apr 1895 |
83 |
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Created Baron Moncreiff 9 Jan 1874 |
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MP for Leith 1851-1859, Edinburgh 1859- |
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1868 and Universities of Glasgow and |
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Aberdeen 1868-1869. Solicitor General of |
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Scotland 1850-1851. Lord Advocate 1851- |
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1852, 1852-1858, 1859-1866 and 1868-1869. |
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Lord Justice Clerk 1869-1888. PC 1869 |
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27 Apr 1895 |
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2 |
Henry James Moncreiff |
24 Apr 1840 |
3 Mar 1909 |
68 |
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Lord Lieutenant Kinross 1901-1909 |
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3 Mar 1909 |
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3 |
Robert Chichester Moncreiff |
24 Aug 1843 |
14 May 1913 |
69 |
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14 May 1913 |
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4 |
James Arthur Fitzherbert Moncreiff |
19 Jul 1872 |
8 Dec 1942 |
70 |
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8 Dec 1942 |
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5 |
Harry Robert Wellwood Moncreiff |
4 Feb 1915 |
22 Apr 2002 |
87 |
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22 Apr 2002 |
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6 |
Rhoderick Harry Wellwood Moncreiff |
22 Mar 1954 |
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MONE |
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30 Sep 2015 |
B[L] |
1 |
Michelle Georgina Mone |
8 Oct 1971 |
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Created Baroness Mone for life 30 Sep 2015 |
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MONK BRETTON |
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4 Nov 1884 |
B |
1 |
John George Dodson |
18 Oct 1825 |
25 May 1897 |
71 |
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Created Baron Monk Bretton 4 Nov 1884 |
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MP for Sussex East 1857-1874, Chester |
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1874-1880 and Scarborough 1880-1884. |
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Financial Secretary to the Treasury 1873- |
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1874. President of the Local Government |
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Board 1880-1882. Chancellor of the Duchy |
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of Lancaster 1882-1884.
PC 1872 |
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25 May 1897 |
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2 |
John William Dodson |
22 Sep 1869 |
29 Jul 1933 |
63 |
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29 Jul 1933 |
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3 |
John Charles Dodson |
17 Jul 1924 |
26 May 2022 |
97 |
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26 May 2022 |
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4 |
Christopher Mark Dodson |
2 Aug 1958 |
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MONKS |
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26 Jul 2010 |
B[L] |
1 |
John Stephen Monks |
5 Aug 1945 |
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Created Baron Monks for life 26 Jul 2010 |
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MONKSWELL |
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1 Jul 1885 |
B |
1 |
Robert Porrett Collier |
21 Jun 1817 |
27 Oct 1886 |
68 |
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Created Baron Monkswell 1 Jul 1885 |
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MP for Plymouth 1852-1871. Solictor |
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General 1863-1866. Attorney General |
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1868-1871. PC 1871 |
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27 Oct 1886 |
|
2 |
Robert Collier |
26 Mar 1845 |
22 Dec 1909 |
64 |
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22 Dec 1909 |
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3 |
Robert Alfred Hardcastle Collier |
13 Dec 1875 |
14 Jan 1964 |
88 |
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14 Jan 1964 |
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4 |
William Adrian Larry Collier |
25 Nov 1913 |
1984 |
70 |
to |
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He disclaimed the peerage for life 1964 |
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7 Apr 1964 |
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1984 |
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5 |
Gerard Collier |
28 Jan 1947 |
12 Jul 2020 |
73 |
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12 Jul 2020 |
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6 |
James Adrian Collier |
1977 |
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MONMOUTH |
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7 Feb 1626 |
E |
1 |
Robert Carey,1st Baron Carey of Leppington |
1560 |
12 Apr 1639 |
78 |
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Created Baron Carey of Leppington |
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6 Feb 1622 and Earl of Monmouth |
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7 Feb 1626 |
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MP for Morpeth 1586-1589, Callington |
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1593, Northumberland 1597-1598 and 1601 |
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and Grampound 1621-1622. Lord Lieutenant |
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Staffordshire 1627-1628 |
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12 Apr 1639 |
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2 |
Henry Carey |
27 Jan 1596 |
13 Jun 1661 |
65 |
to |
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MP for Camelford 1621-1622, Beverley |
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13 Jun 1661 |
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1624-1625, Tregony 1625, St.Mawes 1626 |
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and Grampound 1628-1629 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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14 Feb 1663 |
D |
1 |
James Scott |
9 Apr 1649 |
15 Jul 1685 |
36 |
to |
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Created Baron Scott of Tyndale,Earl |
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15 Jul 1685 |
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of Doncaster and Duke of Monmouth |
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14 Feb 1663 |
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Illegitimate son of Charles II. Lord |
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Lieutenant E Riding Yorkshire 1673-1679 and |
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Staffordshire 1677-1679. KG 1663 PC 1670 |
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He was attainted and the peerages forfeited |
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but on 21 Mar 1742 the Barony and Earldom |
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were restored to the second Duke of |
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Buccleuch (qv) |
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For further information on this peer,see the |
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note at the foot of this page |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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9 Apr 1689 |
E |
1 |
Henry Mordaunt,later [1697] 3rd Earl of |
1658 |
25 Oct 1635 |
77 |
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Peterborough |
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Created Earl of Monmouth 9 Apr 1689 |
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See "Peterborough" - extinct 1814 |
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MONRO OF LANGHOLM |
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6 Nov 1997 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Hector Seymour Peter Monro |
4 Oct 1922 |
30 Aug 2006 |
83 |
to |
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Created Baron Monro of Langholm for life |
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30 Aug 2006 |
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6 Nov 1997 |
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MP for Dumfries 1964-1997. PC 1995 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MONSELL |
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30 Nov 1935 |
V |
1 |
Sir Bolton Meredith Eyres-Monsell |
22 Feb 1881 |
21 Mar 1969 |
88 |
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Created Viscount Monsell 30 Nov 1935 |
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MP for Evesham 1910-1935. First Lord of |
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the Admiralty 1931-1936.
PC 1923 |
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21 Mar 1969 |
|
2 |
Henry Bolton Graham Eyres-Monsell |
21 Nov 1905 |
28 Nov 1993 |
88 |
to |
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|
Peerage extinct on his death |
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28 Nov 1993 |
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MONSLOW |
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15 Jun 1966 |
B[L] |
1 |
Walter Monslow |
26 Jan 1895 |
12 Oct 1966 |
71 |
to |
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|
Created Baron Monslow for life 15 Jun 1966 |
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12 Oct 1966 |
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|
Peerage extinct on his death |
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MONSON |
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28 May 1728 |
B |
1 |
Sir John Monson,5th baronet |
c 1693 |
18 Jul 1748 |
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Created Baron Monson 28 May 1728 |
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MP for Lincoln 1722-1728.
PC 1737 |
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18 Jul 1748 |
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2 |
John Monson |
23 Jul 1727 |
23 Jul 1774 |
47 |
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23 Jul 1774 |
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3 |
John Monson |
25 May 1753 |
20 May 1806 |
52 |
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20 May 1806 |
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4 |
John George Monson |
1 Sep 1785 |
14 Nov 1809 |
24 |
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14 Nov 1809 |
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5 |
Frederick John Monson |
3 Feb 1809 |
7 Oct 1841 |
32 |
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7 Oct 1841 |
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6 |
William John Monson |
14 May 1796 |
17 Dec 1862 |
66 |
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17 Dec 1862 |
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7 |
William John Monson |
18 Feb 1829 |
16 Apr 1898 |
69 |
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MP for Reigate 1858-1862.
PC 1874 |
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Created Viscount Oxenbridge |
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13 Aug 1886 |
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16 Apr 1898 |
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8 |
Debonnaire John Monson |
7 Mar 1830 |
18 Jun 1900 |
70 |
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18 Jun 1900 |
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9 |
Augustus Debonnaire John Monson |
22 Sep 1868 |
10 Oct 1940 |
72 |
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10 Oct 1940 |
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10 |
John Roseberry Monson |
11 Feb 1907 |
7 Apr 1958 |
51 |
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7 Apr 1958 |
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11 |
John Monson [Elected hereditary peer 1999-2011] |
3 May 1932 |
12 Feb 2011 |
78 |
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12 Feb 2011 |
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12 |
Nicholas John Monson |
19 Oct 1955 |
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MONSON OF BELLINGUARD |
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23 Aug 1628 |
B[I] |
1 |
William Monson |
1607 |
1678 |
71 |
to |
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Created Baron Monson of Bellinguard and |
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12 Jul 1661 |
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Viscount Monson of Castlemaine 23 Aug 1628 |
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He was degraded from the peerages in 1661 |
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MONSON OF CASTLEMAINE |
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23 Aug 1628 |
V[I] |
1 |
William Monson |
1607 |
1678 |
71 |
to |
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Created Baron Monson of Bellinguard and |
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12 Jul 1661 |
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Viscount Monson of Castlemaine 23 Aug 1628 |
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He was degraded from the peerages in 1661 |
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MONTACUTE |
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29 Dec 1299 |
B |
1 |
John de Montacute |
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26 Sep 1316 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Montacute 29 Dec 1299 |
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26 Sep 1316 |
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2 |
William de Montacute |
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6 Nov 1319 |
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6 Nov 1319 |
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3 |
William de Montacute,later [1337] 1st |
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Earl of Salisbury |
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30 Jan 1344 |
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30 Jan 1344 |
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4 |
William de Montacute,2nd Earl of Salisbury |
25 Jun 1328 |
3 Jun 1397 |
68 |
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3 Jun 1397 |
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5 |
John de Montacute,3rd Earl of Salisbury |
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7 Jan 1400 |
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to |
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He was attainted and the peerages forfeited |
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7 Jan 1400 |
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1421 |
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6 |
Thomas de Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury |
1388 |
3 Nov 1428 |
40 |
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Restored to the peerage 1421 |
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3 Nov 1428 |
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7 |
Alice Nevill,Countess of Salisbury [wife of the 5th |
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31 Dec 1460 |
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Earl of Salisbury] |
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31 Dec 1460 |
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8 |
Richard Nevill,6th Earl of Salisbury & 1st |
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to |
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Earl of Warwick |
22 Nov 1428 |
15 Apr 1471 |
42 |
15 Apr 1471 |
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On his death the peerage either fell into |
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abeyance or became dormant |
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16 Mar 1485 |
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9 |
Edward Plantagenet,3rd Earl of Warwick |
21 Feb 1475 |
24 Nov 1499 |
24 |
to |
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He was attainted and the peerages forfeited |
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24 Nov 1499 |
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1513 |
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10 |
Margaret Pole |
14 Aug 1473 |
27 May 1541 |
67 |
to |
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Restored to the peerage in 1513. She was |
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1539 |
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attainted and the peerage forfeited |
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3 Nov 1529 |
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11 |
Henry Pole |
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9 Jan 1539 |
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to |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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9 Jan 1539 |
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Montacute 3 Nov 1529 |
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He was attainted and the peerages forfeited |
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For further information on claims to this peerage |
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made in 1928, see the note at the foot of this page |
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MONTACUTE |
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25 Feb 1342 |
B |
1 |
Edward de Montacute |
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14 Jul 1361 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Montacute 25 Feb 1342 |
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14 Jul 1361 |
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2 |
Joan de Ufford |
1349 |
1375 |
26 |
to |
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Peerage extinct on her death |
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1375 |
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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15 Feb 1357 |
B |
1 |
John de Montacute |
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25 Feb 1390 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Montacute 15 Feb 1357 |
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25 Feb 1390 |
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2 |
John de Montacute |
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7 Jan 1400 |
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He succeeded as 3rd Earl of Salisbury |
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(qv) in 1397 with which title this peerage |
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then merged |
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For further information on claims to this peerage |
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made in 1874 and 1928, see the note at the |
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foot of this page |
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MONTAGU |
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25 Mar 1470 |
M |
1 |
John Nevill |
c 1431 |
14 Apr 1471 |
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to |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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14 Apr 1471 |
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Montagu 23 May 1461 and created |
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Marquess of Montagu 25 Mar 1470 |
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KG 1462 |
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He was attainted and the peerages forfeited |
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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2 Sep 1554 |
V |
1 |
Anthony Browne |
29 Nov 1528 |
19 Oct 1592 |
63 |
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Created Viscount Montagu 2 Sep 1554 |
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Lord Lieutenant Essex 1558. KG 1555 |
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19 Oct 1592 |
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2 |
Anthony Maria Browne |
1 Feb 1574 |
23 Oct 1629 |
55 |
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23 Oct 1629 |
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3 |
Francis Browne |
2 Jul 1610 |
2 Nov 1682 |
72 |
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2 Nov 1682 |
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4 |
Francis Browne |
1638 |
Jun 1708 |
69 |
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Lord Lieutenant Sussex 1688-1689 |
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Jun 1708 |
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5 |
Henry Browne |
c 1640 |
25 Jun 1717 |
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25 Jun 1717 |
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6 |
Anthony Browne |
1686 |
23 Apr 1767 |
80 |
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23 Apr 1767 |
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7 |
Anthony Joseph Browne |
11 Apr 1728 |
9 Apr 1787 |
58 |
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9 Apr 1787 |
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8 |
George Samuel Browne |
26 Jun 1769 |
Oct 1793 |
24 |
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For further information on this peer, see the |
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note at the foot of this page. |
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Oct 1793 |
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9 |
Mark Anthony Browne |
2 Mar 1745 |
27 Nov 1797 |
52 |
to |
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On his death the peerage is presumed to |
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27 Nov 1797 |
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have become extinct |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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29 Jun 1621 |
B |
1 |
Edward Montagu |
c 1562 |
15 Jun 1644 |
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Created Baron Montagu 29 Jun 1621 |
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MP for Beeralston 1584-1586, Brackley |
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1601 and Northamptonshire 1604-1611, |
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1614 and 1621. Lord Lieutenant |
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Northamptonshire 1642 |
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15 Jun 1644 |
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2 |
Edward Montagu |
11 Jul 1617 |
10 Jan 1683 |
65 |
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MP for Huntingdon 1640-1644 |
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10 Jan 1683 |
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3 |
Ralph Montagu |
24 Dec 1638 |
9 Mar 1709 |
70 |
14 Apr 1705 |
D |
1 |
Created Viscount Monthermer and Earl |
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of Montagu 9 Apr 1689,and Marquess |
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of Monthermer and Duke of Montagu |
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14 Apr 1705 |
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MP for Northampton 1678 and 1679-1683 |
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and Huntingdonshire 1679
PC 1689 |
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For further information on this peer and his wife, |
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see the note at the foot of this page. |
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9 Mar 1709 |
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2 |
John Montagu |
29 Mar 1689 |
16 Jul 1749 |
60 |
to |
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Lord Lieutenant Northamptonshire and |
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16 Jul 1749 |
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Warwickshire 1715-1749
KG 1718 PC 1736 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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For information on this peer's possible involvement |
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in the "Great Bottle Hoax" of 1749,see the note
at |
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the foot of this page |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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5 Nov 1766 |
D |
1 |
George Montagu,4th Earl of Cardigan |
26 Jul 1712 |
23 May 1790 |
77 |
to |
B |
1 |
Created Marquess of Monthermer and |
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23 May 1790 |
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Duke of Montagu 5 Nov 1766 and |
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21 Aug 1786 |
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Baron Montagu 21 Aug 1786 |
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For details of the special remainder included in the |
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creation of the Barony of 1786,see the note at the |
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foot of this page |
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Lord Lieutenant Huntingdon 1789-1790 |
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KG 1752 PC 1776 |
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On his death the Marquessate and Dukedom |
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became extinct whilst the Barony |
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passed to - |
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23 May 1790 |
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2 |
Henry James Montagu-Scott |
16 Dec 1776 |
30 Oct 1845 |
68 |
to |
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Lord Lieutenant Selkirk 1823-1845 |
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30 Oct 1845 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MONTAGU OF BEAULIEU |
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29 Dec 1885 |
B |
1 |
Henry John Montagu-Douglas-Scott |
5 Nov 1832 |
4 Nov 1905 |
72 |
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Created Baron Montagu of Beaulieu |
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29 Dec 1885 |
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MP for Selkirkshire 1861-1868 and Hampshire |
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South 1868-1884 |
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4 Nov 1905 |
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2 |
John Walter Edward Douglas-Scott- |
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Montagu |
10 Jun 1866 |
30 Mar 1929 |
62 |
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MP for New Forest 1892-1905 |
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For further information on this peer, see the |
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note at the foot of this page |
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30 Mar 1929 |
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3 |
Edward John Barrington Douglas-Scott- |
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Montagu [Elected hereditary peer 1999-2015] |
20 Oct 1926 |
31 Aug 2015 |
88 |
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31 Aug 2015 |
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4 |
Ralph Douglas-Scott-Montagu |
13 Mar 1961 |
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MONTAGU OF BOUGHTON |
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8 May 1762 |
B |
1 |
John Montagu |
18 Mar 1735 |
11 Apr 1770 |
35 |
to |
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Created Baron Montagu 8 May 1762 |
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11 Apr 1770 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MONTAGU OF KIMBOLTON |
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19 Dec 1620 |
B |
1 |
Henry Montagu |
c 1563 |
7 Nov 1642 |
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Created Baron Montagu of Kimbolton |
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and Viscount Mandeville 19 Dec 1620 |
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and Earl of Manchester 5 Feb 1626 |
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See "Manchester" |
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**************** |
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22 May 1626 |
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Edward Montagu |
1602 |
5 May 1671 |
68 |
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He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of |
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Acceleration as Baron Montagu of Kimbolton |
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22 May 1626 |
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He succeeded as Earl of Manchester (qv) |
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in 1642 |
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MONTAGUE OF OXFORD |
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1 Nov 1997 |
B[L] |
1 |
Michael Jacob Montague |
10 Mar 1932 |
5 Nov 1999 |
67 |
to |
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Created Baron Montague of Oxford for life |
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5 Nov 1999 |
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1 Nov 1997 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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MONTAGUE OF ST.NEOTS |
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12 Jul 1660 |
B |
1 |
Edward Montagu |
27 Jul 1625 |
28 May 1672 |
46 |
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Created Baron Montagu of St.Neots, |
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Viscount Hinchingbroke and Earl of |
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Sandwich 12 Jul 1660 |
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See "Sandwich" |
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MONTALT |
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23 Jun 1295 |
B |
1 |
Roger de Montalt |
1265 |
1297 |
32 |
to |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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1297 |
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Montalt 23 Jun 1295 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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6 Feb 1299 |
B |
1 |
Robert de Montalt |
1270 |
26 Dec 1329 |
59 |
to |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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26 Dec 1329 |
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Montalt 6 Feb 1299 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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The special remainder to the Barony of Brodrick
created in 1796 (indexed under |
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the Viscountcy of Midleton) |
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From the "London Gazette" of 31 May
1796 (issue 13897, page 527):- |
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'The King has been pleased to grant the Dignity
of a Baron of the Kingdom of Great Britain to.... |
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the Right Honorable George Viscount Midleton,
of the Kingdom of Ireland, by the Name, Stile |
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and Title of Baron Brodrick, of Pepper Harrow
in the County of Surry [sic] with Remainder to |
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the Heirs Male of his late Father George
Viscount Midleton, deceased.' |
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George Alan Brodrick, 5th Viscount Midleton |
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Midleton committed suicide in November 1848.
The following report appeared in 'The Standard' |
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of 6 November 1848. Note that his title is
mis-spelled, since the peerage of "Middleton" is |
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quite distinct from that of
"Midleton." In addition, other contemporary reports state that Lord |
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Midleton's residence was at Pepperharow Park. |
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'We lament to record an event which has
overwhelmed an eminent and noble family in affliction, |
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and the neighbourhood of Pepper-barrow and
Godalming in consternation. The unfortunate |
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deceased, Lord Middleton, a healthful man, in
the prime of life, had been for some time rather |
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strange in his manner. He has lately resided in
Pepper-barrow Park, a short distance from |
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Godalming, and lived almost alone in the
superbly decorated mansion. On the morning of |
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Wednesday last one of his servants, feeling
rather surprised that his master had not come down |
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at his usual hour, went to ascertain the cause,
when, on entering his bed-room, he found that |
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he had left that apartment. The house was then
searched, when, on entering a little room, he |
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was horror-struck at finding his noble master
lying on the floor, and blood issuing from his mouth. |
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On the man touching his lordship's chest, he
found it perfectly cold. He, nevertheless, instantly |
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dispatched the steward on horseback to his
lordship's medical attendants. Messrs. Steadman |
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immediately started for Pepper-barrow Park, but
they found that Lord Middleton had been dead |
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some hours, and that death had been caused by
the fumes of charcoal. His lordship's will, it is |
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stated, was lying on a table near, as well as a
ring he usually wore, and the pillow which had |
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been fetched from the deceased nobleman's
bed-room was lying near the brazier, and on it |
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his lordship's head was reclined. Letters were
also found indicative of his lordship's intention |
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to destroy life. The afflicted lady of the
deceased arrived at Pepper-barrow Park on Thursday, |
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and it is stated that she was in the act of
writing to his lordship her intention of returning home |
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when the messenger arrived with the dreadful news.' |
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At the subsequent inquest, which was
extensively reported in 'The Hampshire Telegraph and |
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Sussex Chronicle' of 11 November 1848, the
coroner's jury returned the usual verdict of |
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suicide while temporarily insane. |
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Anthony Bingham Mildmay, 2nd Baron Mildmay of
Flete |
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Lord Mildmay of Flete drowned while taking his
daily swim on 12 May 1950. The first report |
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below appeared in the 'Manchester Guardian' on
the following day:- |
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'Lord Mildmay, the well-known amateur
steeplechase rider, was yesterday reported missing |
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after his usual morning bathe at the mouth of
the River Yealm at Newton Ferrers, Devon. A |
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search by R.A.F. and naval craft yielded no
result and was given up last night. |
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'A statement issued from Mothecombe House,
Holbeton, South Devon, at 1 p.m. yesterday |
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said "When Lord Mildmay did not return
from his customary early morning bathe at 9 a.m. today |
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a search party was organised. The party found
his clothes and the usual bucket of fresh water |
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that Lord Mildmay was accustomed to prepare
before his bathe to wash down with when he |
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returned. The search is being continued with
parties of the estate staff, the Devon Constabulary, |
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coastguards, and Service personnel, including
an aircraft." |
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'It is understood that Lord Mildmay went for
his bathe at about 8.30 a.m. Footprints led from his |
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clothes down the beach to the sea, but there
were no footprints returning. |
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'Mothecombe beach is a pleasant spot on one of
the most picturesque parts of the coast, "but," |
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said a resident, "the tide runs very
strongly, particularly when on the ebb, and it can be |
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dangerous." |
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Lord Mildmay's body was not discovered for
nearly a month. The following report appeared in 'The |
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Times' on 10 June 1950:- |
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'A body found floating in the sea off Falmouth
on Tuesday [6 June 1950] was identified at an |
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inquest at Falmouth yesterday as that of Lord
Mildmay of Flete, who was missed after going |
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for a bathe from his private beach at
Mothecombe, Devon, on May 12. The Coroner recorded |
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a verdict that he was accidentally drowned
while bathing. |
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'Commander R.J.P. White, R.N.V.R., Lord
Mildmay's brother-in-law, said that Lord Mildmay, who |
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was 41, had never complained of cramp, but
might have got it because of multiple injuries |
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sustained in steeplechasing. He had several
broken ribs, and a neck injury caused him to stoop. |
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'Percival John Freeman, a groom, of the Lodge,
Mothecombe, said that Lord Mildmay arranged |
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on the evening of May 11 to go for an early
ride at 7 a.m. the following day. The horses were |
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made ready, but the witness received a message
that Lord Mildmay would not ride. Later he |
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saw Lord Mildmay going for a bathe dressed in a
wrap, sand shoes, and blue bathing trunks, and |
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carrying a towel. He appeared to be in his
normal spirits, Lord Mildmay was a fairly good swimmer. |
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Bathing was safe from the beach. |
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'The Coroner said that he ruled out any
question of suicide.' |
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The claim made for the Barony of Milford
(creation of 1776) in 1891 |
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The following article appeared in 'Berrow's
Worcester Journal' on 14 March 1891:- |
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'A Methodist Minister's Claim to the Peerage -
the Yorkshire Post gives
a circumstantial account |
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of the claims of the Rev. William Skinner,
minister of the United Methodist Free Church at |
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Holmfirth, to be the rightful heir to the title
and estates of Baron Milford, of Picton Castle, |
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Pembrokeshire. Debrett has it that the title
became extinct on the death of the first baron in |
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1823; Burke says much the same, but adds the
significant letters d.s.p. - decessit sine prole |
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[died without issue]. The claimant to the
dignity contends, however, that on this point Debrett |
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is wrong and Burke is wrong, for neither
include mention of a wife of the first Lord Milford or a |
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certain son who married against his father's
wishes and left issue. The Rev. William Skinner claims |
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to be the lineal descendant of this erring son,
and, on the strength of a clause in Lord Milford's |
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will and several other considerations and
proofs which he has got together, he urges that he is |
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the heir-at-law to both the title and the
estates. Accordingly, he has sought legal advice, and, |
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having assured himself of counsel's opinion in
favour of his contention, he is appealing to the Law |
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Courts to vindicate his claim. Altogether, says
the reporter, it is a romantic story, and one which |
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is bound to excite public interest. |
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'Briefly then, the claimant explains his
relationship in this wise. Richard, first Baron Milford, had a |
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wife who died in 1815, and by her he had a son
named John Philipps, who contracted what Lord |
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Milford considered to be a mesalliance with a French
lady, marrying her at Cirencester in the |
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year 1780. Three children - a daughter and two
sons - were the fruit of this union. The eldest |
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child, born in 1789, was named Anne, and in
1808 married a Mr. William Skinner, of Bristol, the |
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grandfather of the present claimant. Mr.
Skinner holds certificates of all these marriages, and of |
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course bases his argument of lineal descent to
a great extent upon them. The Rev. William |
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Skinner was born in 1832, and is consequently
59 years of age. For 40 years he has worked |
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zealously as a Methodist, first of all as a
local preacher and afterwards for 33 years as a minister |
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in charge of a church in different parts of the
country. He began his career in the city of |
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Salisbury, but has spent the greater part of
his ministry in the neighbourhoods of Liverpool and |
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Manchester. Latterly he has been associated
with the United Methodist Free Church at |
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Cavendish-street, Keighley, and within the past
year has been appointed to the Holmfirth circuit |
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previous to his retirement as a supernumerary,
permission for which was granted some time ago. |
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The fact that Mr. Skinner is a Methodist, and
his father before him also, is especially noteworthy |
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in the light of the statement that it was a Sir
John Philipps who paid for the education of George |
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Whitfield at Oxford [the significance of this
name totally escapes me]. As far back as he can |
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remember, Mr. Skinner says, the possibility of
one of his line succeeding to the title to the title |
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and estates of Lord Milford has been talked of
in his immediate family circle, but he himself did |
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not until nearly two years ago trouble to enter
upon any investigations, and then chiefly for the |
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sake of his son, who, however, has
unfortunately since died. The result of those investigations |
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is the impending appeal to the courts, and what
they consist of will no doubt be divulged at the |
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proper time.' |
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I have been unable to find any further mention
of this claim in newspapers of the time. Perhaps |
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this is not surprising, as it seems to me that
this claim had absolutely no chance of ever |
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succeeding. It is a fact that Lord Milford did
have a wife (his cousin, Mary) who died in 1815. It |
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is also true that Burke's Peerage says that
Milford died d.s.p. But even if it is correct that Lord |
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Milford and his wife did produce a son who
married in 1780 [and given that his parents married in |
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1764, any son born of that marriage must have
been at most 16 in 1780], and even if this alleged |
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son in turn had a son and two daughters, it is
only possible for the title to descend to the son of |
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such a marriage. It is obvious from the article
that Skinner was relying upon his descent from the |
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alleged eldest daughter, Anne, but the title
could not descend through the female line. The |
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patent which created the peerage had a
remainder to heirs male only, as can be seen by |
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reference to the London Gazette, issue 11679,
published on 29 June 1776. |
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Wogan Philipps, 2nd Baron Milford (creation of
1939) |
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As far as I am aware, the 2nd Baron Milford is
the only hereditary peer to have ever sat in the |
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House of Lords as a Communist. When he died in
1993, the following obituary appeared in "The |
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Times" of 2 December 1993:- |
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'Lord Milford sat as a communist in the House
of Lords and on Cirencester Rural District Council |
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but always said that he was prouder of his
council membership because, as he explained, "at |
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least I didn't inherit it." He remained a
communist until his death, his faith outliving his party, |
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though he admitted that communism as seen in
the Soviet Union had been a failure. In his |
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maiden speech in the House of Lords he called
for the abolition of the Upper House, describing |
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it as an undemocratic anachronism composed of
the inheritors of wealth and privilege. |
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'Milford himself was always due to inherit
wealth and privilege as the eldest son of a rich and |
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newly created peer but in the end he had to
settle for privilege as his father disinherited him |
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when he joined the Communist Party of Great
Britain. The family was landed at one time but not |
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aristocratic and it had experienced hard times
before Milford's father contrived, in company with |
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his two brothers, to make a large fortune in
shipping and insurance. |
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'Wogan Philipps, as he then was, went to Eton
and Magdalen College, Oxford, and then joined |
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the family shipping business. He displayed
considerable promise as an artist and was a dashing |
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figure among the jazz generation of the 1920s. |
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'In 1928, however, he married Rosamond Lehmann
and his life altered. She had just published her |
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first novel, Dusty
Answer, [Chatto and Windus, London, 1927] which was to make her
famous, |
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and she introduced him to literary London.
Then, like so many of his contemporaries who were |
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moved by social conditions in Britain and the
growth of fascism abroad, he was attracted to the |
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politics of the left. Unlike some others, he
did not just talk about aid to Spain when the Spanish |
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civil war broke out. He went there. |
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'Milford drove to Spain with [the English poet]
Stephen Spender and served as an ambulance |
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driver. He was wounded by shellfire and sent
back to England but returned to witness the last |
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days of the Spanish republic. After its defeat
he organised the escape of thousands of |
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refugees by sea - the only occasion on which
his family connection with shipping helped his |
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political faith. |
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'He had not yet taken the decisive step of
joining the Communist party and, in fact, became the |
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prospective Labour candidate for
Henley-on-Thames, though the war prevented him from fighting |
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the seat. When his medical record caused him to
be rejected by the forces he spent the war |
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working in agriculture in Gloucestershire - the
county to which he devoted so much of the rest |
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of his life. He took a leading part in building
up the National Union of Agricultural Workers there, |
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serving on the union's county committee and
representing his branch on Cheltenham Trades |
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Council. |
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'Side by side with farming went political
crusading. As a communist on Cirencester R[ural] |
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D[istrict] C[ouncil] from 1946 to 1949 he did
not have an easy time. The otherwise all-Tory |
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council actually regarded him as a serious
threat to the status quo and considerable efforts were |
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made to ensure that he lost his seat. Even so,
he was defeated by only 14 votes. He went on |
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fight Cirencester and Tewkesbury as a communist
in the 1950 general election but the |
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constituency was hardly a centre of the class
war and of the 45,000 votes cast he collected |
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only 423. |
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'His father died in 1962, still holding to his
decision that he would not leave a penny to a son who |
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was a communist. Milford, as the second baron,
decided to make his maiden speech in the Lords |
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as Tony Benn was attempting to renounce his
succession to his father's viscountcy. Milford |
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revealed himself as a communist during the
debate on the Peerage Bill, saying that the Upper |
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House was a indefensible obstacle to socialism.
He called on their lordships to abolish themselves. |
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Naturally, his fellow-peers disagreed. |
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'There were no noisy demonstrations in the
Lords but Milford was received in icy silence. He |
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nevertheless continued to speak regularly on
subjects of interest to his party. Vietnam, |
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Nicaragua and American intervention generally
were his special interests. He failed to gain much |
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support even from those peers who held
left-wing views. His problem was that he was advancing |
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his arguments at the height of the Cold War.
The two postwar communist MPs [Willie Gallacher in |
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Fife West and Philip Piratin in Mile End] both
having failed to get re-elected to the Commons in |
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1950, he was, quaintly, the only declared
communist to sit in either House of Parliament for the |
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past 30 years. |
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'With advancing age he ceased his political
activities and lived quietly in Hampstead. He never |
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lost his interest in art. In his earlier years
he had been a gifted painter with successful exhibitions |
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in London, Milan and Cheltenham. |
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'His marriage to Rosamond Lehmann ended in
divorce and in 1944 he married Cristina, Countess of |
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Huntingdon, also a communist and a member of a
noble Italian family as the daughter of the |
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Marchese Casati. Milford's second wife died in
1953 and in the following year he married Tamara |
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Rust, widow of William Rust, who had been
editor of the communist Daily Worker. She survives |
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him, together with his son Hugh, a child of his
first marriage and heir to the title. Hid daughter |
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Sally, who was married to the poet P.J.
Kavanagh, died in 1958.' |
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Joseph Henry Leeson, 5th Earl of Milltown |
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The Earldom of Milltown is shown in all
standard peerage reference works as having become |
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dormant on the death of the 7th Earl in 1891.
The peerage continued to be listed, however, in |
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such works until comparatively recently. In
"The New Extinct Peerage" by L.G.Pine, published |
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in 1972, the author remarks that 'this is a
case of a peerage, to the succession of which no |
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claim has been made out. The full account of
the history of this peerage is given in current |
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peerage works, evidently with the idea that an
heir to the peerage exists and may come |
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forward to prove a claim, but no indication is
given as to the line from which this heir may |
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come.' |
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One story which may shed some light on this
possible claimant is that the 5th Earl, prior to |
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succeeding to the title, was a wild and
impetuous young man, who is alleged to have become |
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infatuated with a pretty young girl who was a
daughter of one of his father's tenants. When |
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he wished to marry the girl openly, he met with
much opposition from his family, and so he |
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fled with her to Scotland, where they are
supposed to have lived as man and wife, under the |
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same name. In Scottish law, this act of living
together constituted a valid marriage. |
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A son is alleged to have been born from this
union, but, when he was about 2 years old, and |
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during the temporary absence of his father, he
and his mother disappeared and all efforts to |
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subsequently trace them came to nothing. In the
early years of the 20th century, it was |
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reported that a man, who worked as a conductor
on the Indian railways and who had spent |
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his boyhood in Australia, claimed to be the
missing son of the 5th Earl, but I am not aware |
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that anything ever came of this claim. |
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A longer account of this matter appeared in
'The Washington Post' on 8 July 1906, as follows:- |
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'[The 4th earl] was very strict with his
children and therefore when his eldest son, Joseph |
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Lord Russborough, fell in love with a very
pretty girl, daughter of a farmer on the Russborough |
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estate, and wanted to marry her, the earl drove
him from his presence. |
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'The viscount fled with the girl to Scotland,
where they lived together as man and wife under |
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the same name, this being according to Scottish
law sufficient to constitute a valid marriage. |
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A boy was born to the union, but when the child
was about two years old it disappeared |
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mysteriously with its mother, during a
fortnight's absence of the father, and he was never |
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able to obtain any trace of what had become of
him, although firmly convinced that they had |
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been spirited away somewhere or another at the
instance of his parents. |
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'In course of time his father died in 1866, and
he succeeded to the honors and estates as |
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fifth Earl of Milltown. But he never married
again. In fact, he did not feel himself free to do so, |
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and six [five] years later he, in turn, was
gathered to his fathers, and in the absence of his |
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missing son and heir, his brother Edward became
sixth earl. The latter's marriage to Lady |
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Geraldine Stanhope, daughter of Lord
Harrington, remained childless, and at his demise, in 1890, |
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his only surviving brother, Henry, became
seventh Earl of Milltown, dying ten months later |
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unmarried. The honors thereupon became dormant
owing to the failure of any of the claimants, |
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by reason of lack of means, to establish their
rights to the succession. |
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'Among the most interesting of the claimants
was a man about fifty-six years of age, who |
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brought a good deal of evidence to show that he
was the missing son of the fifth earl. He told |
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a story to the effect that he and his mother
had been hurried off to Australia by the agents of |
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the fourth earl, and that his mother had been
promised provision for herself and for her child |
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providing she would remain in the Antipodes and
make no attempt to communicate with her |
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common-law husband. His mother received an
allowance as long as the fourth earl lived, and |
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then it ceased, and the woman died suddenly
before she could make any attempt to |
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communicate with England. Her son, a mere boy
at the time, was cared for by neighbours, |
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grew up to engage in the horse trade, was sent
with a shipment of Australian horses to India, |
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and there became acquainted with a member of
his father's family, John Leeson, who was a |
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guard or conductor on one of the Indian
railroads. Through him the young fellow became |
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interested in his own early history, made
investigations in Australia, and acquired the conviction |
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that he was the son of the secret and
common-law marriage of the fifth earl. He was killed in |
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a railway accident, however, before he could
take any practical steps to establish his claim, |
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and thereupon the rights to the earldom passed
to John Leeson, the railroad conductor, as a |
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son of the second son of the third earl of
Milltown. He, too, was prevented by poverty from |
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making good his pretensions, and died last year
at an advanced age, leaving two daughters. |
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[Burke's Peerage 1900 shows that there was such
a person, although he appears to have been |
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a grandson of the second son of the third earl,
rather than a son. Burke's notes that he |
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married a Winifred Rose Collins, of Delhi,
which suggests that he was in India]. |
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'Next in line of succession came Robert
Frederick William Leeson, the victim of [a] tram-car |
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accident of a fortnight ago, and whose
[grand]father was the third son of the third Earl of |
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Milltown. He never married, and now whatever
rights there may be to the earldom would appear, |
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since there are no surviving descendants in the
male line of the third Lord Milltown, except |
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Henry Saunders Leeson [who appears to have been
a great-great-grandson of the third earl], |
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long missing in America and believed dead, to
pass to the senior descendant in the male line of |
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the first earl, namely, to Richard John
Leeson…..and after him to his younger brother Ralph. |
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[Both Richard and Ralph are shown as direct
descendants of the first earl in Burke's 1900]. Then |
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there is his cousin, Markham Leeson-Marshall,
high sheriff for County Kerry, and Maj. Ralph |
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Leeson……Neither Richard nor [his brother] Ralph
is sufficiently rich to institute the costly legal |
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proceedings to prove his claim, and it is not
until they die without issue and their rights pass to |
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their wealthy cousin, the high sheriff of
Kerry, that any real move will be made to revive the |
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dormant earldom of Milltown.' |
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According to Burke's Peerage 1900, all four of
the above names (i.e. Richard John and his |
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brother Ralph, and their cousins Markham and
Maj. Ralph) were direct descendants of the first |
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earl, together with a number of other direct
male descendants not mentioned in the article |
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above. Thus there would appear to have been no
shortage of heirs at the time of the death of |
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the seventh earl in 1891, but I have been
unable to discover any further attempts to claim the |
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title. |
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The name of one of the claimants, John Leeson,
was used in a fraud by a man named William |
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Joachim, who appears have met Leeson in
Calcutta. Leeson apparently gave Joachim a power |
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of attorney to act on his behalf in the
furtherance of his claim to be Earl of Milltown. Joachim |
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then inserted advertisements in the newspapers
for a secretary to John Leeson, a post which |
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carried with it an annual salary of £1,000, a
huge amount at that time. Applicants (and there |
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were many) had to apply through Joachim, and
each received a letter purporting to be from |
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Leeson inviting them to purchase 10 bonds at £1
1s 6d each "to assist me in my undoubted |
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right, title, and interest to the
peerage." Although not prosecuted, despite many complaints |
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made to the police, Joachim was eventually, in
February 1911, convicted on other fraud |
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charges and sentenced to three years' imprisonment. |
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Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun of Okehampton |
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In keeping with his later life, the
circumstances of Mohun's (pronounced 'moon') birth were |
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tempestuous. His mother was a shrew whose own
father had disowned her as 'an insolent |
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baggage' and his father died in a duel shortly
after his son's birth. Although his physical well- |
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being was adequately cared for by his mother's
second husband, his education was neglected, |
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and instead of being at school he ran wild. |
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By the time he reached his teens, he was
uncontrollable, and by the age of 15 he had made |
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himself notorious by his drinking, gambling and
whoring in London, during a time when it was not |
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that easy to earn the title of 'notorious.' His
first attempt at a duel occurred in December 1692, |
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when he challenged the 7th Earl of Cassilis
after accusing him of cheating at dice. Both were so |
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drunk that they disarmed each other the first
time their rapiers crossed, and so both could then |
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withdraw with honour intact. |
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Two days later, Mohun was back to his drunken
brawlings with one of his military friends, a |
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Captain Richard Hill in the Three Tuns Tavern.
As the wine emboldened the pair, Hill held forth |
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on his love for the 21-year-old 'Diana of the
English stage', Anne Bracegirdle. Hill, whose only |
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conquests to date as a soldier had been in the bedroom, could not understand Anne's |
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antipathy toward himself, and blamed the
attentions paid to her by the actor William Mountfort. |
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Hill convinced himself that he could force Mrs
Bracegirdle to love him and in this delusion he was |
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prompted by Mohun. They therefore decided to
abduct her as she left the theatre that night. |
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They thereupon hired a coach, and Hill acquired
a nightdress for his lady. Half a dozen soldiers |
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were recruited to aid them in their scheme. But
their plans were so badly laid that when they |
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arrived at the theatre they found that Mrs
Bracegirdle was not even on the stage that night. |
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However, they discovered that she was dining
further up Drury Lane. At about 10 o'clock, she |
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appeared with her mother and her host and was
immediately seized by Hill who tried to push her |
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into the coach. The hired soldiers did their
best to overpower Mrs Bracegirdle Snr, but she clung |
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to her daughter and it was found impossible to
get her into the carriage. By this time, the |
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screams of the women had attracted the watch
and Mohun, who had kept himself hidden in |
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the carriage, tried to smooth things over. The
upshot was that the furious Hill, sword drawn, |
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insisted on escorting Mrs Bracegirdle and her
mother home. Protesting, the women allowed |
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him to accompany them, but would not allow him
inside their lodgings. This only reinforced |
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Hill's drunken belief that Mountfort was being
entertained inside and, for the next two hours, |
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he pounded up and down the street outside the
house with Mohun, vowing revenge. |
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Finally, around midnight, Mountfort appeared in
the street. While Mohun engaged Mountfort |
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in conversation, Hill ran Mountfort through
with his sword, inflicting a wound from which |
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Mountfort died the following day. At
Mountfort's cry of 'Murder, murder!' Hill ran off into the |
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darkness, but Mohun stayed to give himself up
to the watch. In Hill's absence, Mohun was |
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indicted by the Middlesex grand jury and
ordered to stand trial for murder. |
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Mohun elected to be tried by his peers, and on
31 January 1693 was brought from the Tower |
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of London to Westminster Hall, where the Lord
High Steward's Court for trial. In evidence, it |
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was shown that at no time had Mohun had his
sword unsheathed, that he had always been |
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on friendly terms with Mountfort and that
Mountford's last words had been 'My Lord Mohun |
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offered me no violence, but while I was talking
with him Captain Hill ran me through before I |
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could draw my sword.' The question was
therefore narrowed down to whether Mohun was |
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aware of Hill's intention to kill Mountfort -
if so, he was guilty of murder as an accessory. |
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Mohun impressed his fellow-peers with the
ability with which he conducted his own defence |
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and the prosecution was further compromised
when the Solicitor-General, Sir Thomas Trevor, |
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lost the thread of his argument during his
summing-up due to an uproar in the galleries where |
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a woman had just taken a fit. After a long
debate, the peers voted 69 to 14 in favour of |
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Mohun, who was discharged with an admonition
from the Lord High Steward to follow a |
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quieter life in future. |
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Most people thought that Mohun was lucky to
escape with his life. Contemporary wits said |
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that the 'only fair thing about the trial was
the show of ladies in the galleries.' The actual |
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murderer, Captain Hill, managed to evade the
law, but was killed in a drunken brawl some five |
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years later. |
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In 1694, Mohun fought a duel with Francis
Scobell, MP for Mitchell, who had remonstrated |
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with him in Pall Mall for assaulting a
coachman. To avoid any further complications, Mohun |
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was packed off to the Continent was a captain
of horse, and during the next three years |
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his appetite for violence had its fill in the
almost continuous wars of the time. After a |
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distinguished military showing, Mohun returned
to London in 1697, keen to take up where |
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he had left off. This intention led him almost
immediately into a duel with a Captain Bingham |
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in St. James's Park, but the adversaries were
separated by the sentinels and the affair was |
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hushed up. |
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On 29 October 1698 he was in the company of a
number of young 'bloods' when one of them, |
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a Captain Richard Coote, became quarrelsome and
challenged another of the party, Captain |
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Richard French, to a duel. Perhaps a little
wiser by then from his own experience, Mohun |
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did his best to call a truce, but failed. The
party then proceeded to Leicester Fields, where |
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Coote was mortally wounded. French, together
with his seconds, Captain Roger James and |
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George Dockwra, were later found guilty of
manslaughter. Coote's seconds, Mohun and the |
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Earl of Warwick, being noblemen, elected to be
tried by the House of Lords. |
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Accordingly, on 29 March 1699, Mohun appeared
before his fellow-peers for the second time. |
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The Earl of Warwick was found guilty of
manslaughter but received no punishment. Mohun |
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was unanimously acquitted, since there was some
doubt that he was present when the duel |
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took place - Mohun claimed that he had chased
after the other five men to try and stop |
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them before they arrived at Leicester Fields,
but had failed to reach them in time. For a more |
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detailed history of this case, see the note
under Edward Rich, 6th Earl of Warwick and 3rd |
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Earl of Holland. |
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Mohun appears to have taken this second trial
to heart, since his private life was, for the |
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next decade, very quiet. In 1702, on the death
of the Earl of Macclesfield, whose niece |
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he had married, Mohun found that Macclesfield
had left him the bulk of his estate. The |
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will, however, was immediately challenged in
the Court of Chancery by the Duke of Hamilton. |
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who had married another of Macclesfield's
nieces. During the 11 years of litigation which |
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followed, Mohun contained his temper admirably,
but at a Chancery hearing on 13 November |
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1712, he lost it and quarrelled violently with
Hamilton. |
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A duel took place between them on 15 November
1712. Mohun suffered many rapier wounds |
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and lay dying on the grass. As Hamilton, who
had also been badly wounded, leant over him, |
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Mohun fatally stabbed Hamilton in the abdomen
before dying of his wounds. |
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James Scott, Duke of Monmouth |
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The following biography of the Duke of Monmouth
appeared in the September 1953 issue of the |
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Australian monthly magazine "Parade":- |
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'It has been said that the suppression of a
rebellion is the making or marring of a regime - and |
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nowhere, perhaps, in history is it better borne
out than in the fate of James, Duke of Monmouth, |
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the eldest illegitimate, most dazzling and best
beloved son of Charles II, who, for a few brief |
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weeks of the summer of 1685, led an abortive
rebellion against his uncle, James II. Monmouth |
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was executed; but paradoxically, his death -
and the death of hundreds in the punitive Bloody |
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Assizes that followed - laid open the way for
the accession to the English throne of William of |
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Orange and dealt the coup de grace to the House
of Stuart. |
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'Monmouth was the child of Charles II's
springtime of exile in France. His mother was Lucy Walter, |
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a brunette beauty of no particular moral worth,
who was living in Holland, a Royalist exile from |
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Cromwell's protectorate. He was the graceless
recipient of Charles' almost doting affection for |
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his first-born. Yet all his life Monmouth
suffered from the super-sensitivity of one not sure of his |
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position. Monmouth suddenly found himself
politically important when his uncle, James, Duke of |
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York, and heir to the throne, embraced
Catholicism. Anti-Catholic feeling in England was high, |
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and fearful at the thought of having James as
king, the people were ready to turn to anything or |
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anyone that would prevent this. Protestant
Monmouth was the obvious answer. All might have |
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gone well had Monmouth possessed some of his
father's insight and political sagacity, added to |
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the popular attributes of a leader. Betrayed by
his own stupidity Monmouth's eventual rebellion |
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against James after he had become king
degenerated into a military farce. For two weeks he was |
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self-crowned "King Monmouth" before
he was captured and imprisoned in the Tower. Craven at |
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first in appeals for his life, he took courage
when he knew that all was lost, and walked to his |
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death "as unconcerned as if he had been
going to a ball." |
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'Monmouth was born on April 9, 1649, in
Holland, and called James after the uncle he was to hate |
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all his life. His mother died when he was an
infant [1658], and he spent his early years with his |
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father in exile in France. In 1660 Charles was
able to return to England to claim his kingdom, and |
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he took young "Jemmy" with him.
Placed in the charge of Lord Crofts, by whose name he was |
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known, the boy became the pampered darling of
his father's Restoration court. However, no |
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formal acknowledgement of young Mr. Crofts was
made until his betrothal to Anne Scott, |
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Countess of Buccleuch, whom he married in 1665,
when he was 16 and she two years younger. |
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Two years before marriage he had been made Duke
of Monmouth and Knight of the Garter. |
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'There was war with Holland in the year of his
marriage, and young James sailed with his uncle, |
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the Duke of York. He proved brave enough and
returned after a baptism of fire "all fat and lusty |
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and ruddy by being in the sun" to a
plague-stricken London. As a tall youth of 19, with long, dark |
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eyes under straight black brows and a curving
mouth that not even the jutting under-lip he |
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inherited from his father could save from
looking feminine, Monmouth charmed the French court |
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on a visit in 1668. It was a semi-diplomatic
trip, which demonstrated to Charles his eldest son's |
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utter ineptitude for the cool bluff of
politics. However, on Monmouth's return to England, he and |
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his father became inseparable companions,
hunting and walking, and keen but friendly rivals at |
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horse racing. |
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'Monmouth was now a "dazzling" young
man, and men, as well as women, succumbed to his |
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charm. Charles honoured him afresh by
appointing him colonel of a foot regiment of militia, and |
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within three weeks of his 21st birthday he was
admitted to the Privy Council. He led a gay [in the |
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|
old meaning of the word], energetic life in
London, revelling, drinking, wenching and rogueing. He |
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|
accompanied his father on tours of England, to
the welcome of salutes of guns and pealing bells, |
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|
and at Raynham [seat of the Marquesses
Townshend] today, the locals swear that Monmouth |
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|
haunts the bedroom in which he slept nearly 300
years ago. |
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'The ambitious Earl of Shaftesbury looked on
with approval at Monmouth's growing popularity, and |
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|
dreamed of the youth as puppet king of England
and himself as dictator. Assiduously he cultiv- |
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|
ated anti-Catholic feeling, and did all he
could to discredit the Duke of York in the public regard, |
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|
at the same time circulating the rumor that
Monmouth's father and mother had been married, and |
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|
that the young man was rightful heir to the
throne. In February, 1673, the always hard-up |
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|
Charles - who once said he always read his
speeches in Parliament because he had asked them |
|
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|
so often for money he couldn't look them in the
face - once again asked for a subsidy. To get it, |
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|
he gave consent to the Test Act, a bill, subtly
introduced by Shaftesbury, which provided that all |
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|
who held public office must take the Sacrament
in accordance with Anglican ritual. The measure |
|
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|
was aimed directly at the Duke of York. Not
only did he refuse the Test, but within a year he |
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|
married his second wife, the Catholic Mary of
Modena, and flung his religion in the face of his |
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challengers. |
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'By now all England was aware of the bitter
rivalry between the Duke of York and Monmouth for |
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|
the right of succession, and in Court circles
the money was all on Monmouth. King Charles blamed |
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|
York for "beginning too harshly" with
Monmouth, but he stood by his brother and his right to the |
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|
succession, and denied, as all through his
life, having ever married Lucy Walter. He sternly |
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|
disapproved Monmouth's activity against James
and told him he would make him the "last man in |
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|
the kingdom" if he persevered in it.
Eventually Charles packed them both off in the hope the |
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|
trouble would die down - Monmouth to Holland
and James to Flanders. There was a reconciliation |
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|
between father and son when Monmouth returned,
but it did not last long. Monmouth believed he |
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|
could play the political game as astutely as
his father or uncle. He made Royal Progress through |
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|
the countryside, and at Shaftesbury's
insistence was given command of the English army against |
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|
the Scottish Covenanters. |
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'Then in the same year (1678) came the
"Popist plot" of the infamous Titus Oates, which sought |
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|
by inference to implicate the Duke of York in
an attempt to assassinate King Charles. Charles was |
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|
never taken in, but the populace was roused to
a frenzy of antiCatholicism, and hostility |
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|
towards York. Monmouth's popularity increased
still further, and Shaftesbury was able to force |
|
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|
the King to summon a new Parliament. Playing
his hand for all it was worth, Shaftesbury |
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|
persuaded the Commons, in September, 1680, to
pass a bill disinheriting the Duke of York from |
|
|
|
his right to the throne. However, unexpected
opposition was met in the Lords, and the measure |
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|
was thrown out by a majority of 33. |
|
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|
'London broke into a tumult, and Charles took
advantage of the situation to dissolve Parliament |
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|
and order another election, the new body to
assemble at Oxford the following March. Charles was |
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|
|
sparring for time, hoping to swing popular
opinion his way. The people had had enough of civil |
|
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|
war and wanted only peace; also he knew they
had a deep-rooted respect for legitimate |
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|
descent. When the new Parliament assembled,
Charles appeared before it, ordered its dissolution, |
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|
and soon afterwards had Shaftesbury arrested,
taken to the Tower, and charged with high |
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|
treason, of which he was subsequently acquitted. |
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'In September, 1682, Monmouth went north to
show himself to the people, and he was acclaimed |
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|
as the "Protestant Duke." Charles had
him arrested for "appearing in several parts of this kingdom |
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|
with great numbers of people in a riotous and
unlawful manner." Released on bail, Monmouth went |
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|
into the country with his wife. In January,
1683, Shaftesbury died and a secret Council of Six |
|
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|
took his place - [William] Russell,[Lord
Russell], [John] Hampden, [Arthur Capell, Earl of] Essex, |
|
|
|
Algernon Sidney, [William Howard, 3rd Baron]
Howard of Escrick and Monmouth. Plans [the Rye |
|
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|
House Plot] were discussed for assassination of
the King and Duke of York, but the extent to |
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|
which Monmouth was involved is debatable. |
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'Charles discovered the plot, and was careful
to let Monmouth escape with his new mistress, |
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|
Henrietta Wentworth [6th Baroness Wentworth in
her own right], before ordering the arrest of |
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|
the other conspirators. Presently, after a
series of abject letters in which he promised allegiance |
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|
to both his father and to York, Monmouth was
allowed to return to court, but when Hampden |
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|
came up for trial in February, 1684, Monmouth
and Henrietta fled again, this time to Holland. |
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|
Then, 12 months later, came the news of the
King's death, and the accession to the throne of |
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|
the Duke of York as James II. A wiser man would
have realised the futility of fighting on, and let |
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|
it go at that, but Monmouth allowed himself to
be persuaded to stage a rebellion in the west of |
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|
England, which was meant to synchronise with a
rising headed by the Earl of Argyll in Scotland. |
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'He landed on June 21, 1685, on the beach at
Lyme Regis and led his army of 82 towards the |
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|
town. Before the end of the second day, his
ranks had swelled to 1000 untrained foot and 150 |
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|
horse, with mounts from the plough and
postcoach. The cry went up throughout the Protestant |
|
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|
West country, "Monmouth is come."
Monmouth got to Taunton along a way strewn with flowers, |
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|
the narrow roads so thronged with people that
his army could scarcely pass. But the only man |
|
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|
of standing he had was Lord Grey [Ford Grey,
3rd Baron Grey of Werke, later 1st Earl of |
|
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|
Tankerville], and when after his
self-coronation he wrote in the royal plural calling on the Duke of |
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|
Albemarle to join him, he met with a snub. |
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'The failure of the revolt was inevitable. Worn
down with strain, left to bear the weight of the |
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|
rebellion single-handed, Monmouth was routed at
Sedgemoor [6 July 1685] and escaped so |
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|
narrowly that his coat and papers were taken. A
day or two later Lord Grey was captured and |
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|
then some of the King's soldiers, searching the
bracken and crops nearby, came on Monmouth, |
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|
dressed in rough shepherd's clothes, lying
asleep in a ditch. In a desperate effort to save his life, |
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|
the imprisoned Monmouth wrote to James,
promising every zealous service. As a last throw he |
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|
even offered to become a Catholic. Whatever
memories may have stirred James, he merely bade |
|
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|
him to have a care of his soul and dismissed
him. "Poor Monmouth," he said, "he was always easy |
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|
to be imposed upon." |
|
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'When news that he was to die reached Monmouth,
he recovered his courage. His wife was |
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|
|
allowed to visit him in the Tower and he spoke
gently to her. On July 15, 1685, he walked calmly |
|
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|
to his death. Beyond a protest on behalf of
Henrietta Wentworth, "a lady of virtue and honour," |
|
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|
he refused to speak to the crowd, contenting
himself with the declaration of his own illegitimacy |
|
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|
and saying that he forgave all his enemies, who
were many. He refused to be blindfolded or |
|
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|
bound, and, lying down, he fitted his neck to
the block. It took six strokes [other sources say |
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|
five or eight] to finish the job, and weeping
men and women pressed forward to dip their |
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|
handkerchiefs in his blood.' |
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The claims to the peerages of Montacute and
Monthermer in 1874 and 1928-1929 |
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The following report appeared in 'The
Manchester Times' on 11 July 1874:- |
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'The committee for privileges of the House of
Lords had before them on Tuesday the claim of the |
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Right Hon. Charles Edward Hastings, Earl of
Loudoun (in the peerage of Scotland), Baron |
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|
Botreaux, Baron Hungerford, Baron de Moleyns,
and Baron Hastings (in the peerage of England) to |
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|
the English baronies of Montacute (1299),
Monthermer, Montacute (1357), and Montagu as |
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|
senior co-heir. |
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'The petitioner in this case prayed that the
abeyance at present affecting the abovenamed |
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ancient baronies might be terminated in his
favour. He rested his case upon the following |
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statement. Simon de Montacute, the ancestor of
the Earls of Salisbury, was first summoned to |
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Parliament by King Edward I in 1299. His
grandson was created Earl of Salisbury in full Parliament |
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|
by King Edward III in 1337; Ralph de
Monthermer, who had married the Princess Joan, the |
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|
daughter of King Edward, the then widow of
Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hereford, was |
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first summoned to Parliament by King Edward II
in 1309, and his grand-daughter Margaret, the |
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sole heiress of this title, married John de
Montacute (the second son of the Earl of Salisbury and |
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younger brother of the second Earl), who
thereupon was also summoned to Parliament by King |
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Edward III in 1357. Through this marriage the
three baronies were transmitted to the son John, |
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who afterwards succeeded as the third Earl of
Salisbury. He was beheaded in 1400, and his son |
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Thomas (who succeeded subsequently as fourth
Earl) accompanied King Henry V into France |
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|
during his wars, being ultimately mortally
wounded when in command of the English army at the |
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|
Siege of Orleans, 1428. He had married the Lady
Heleanor Plantagenet, daughter of Thomas, |
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|
and sister and co-heir of Edmund, Earl of Kent,
by whom he left an only child, Alice, Countess |
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|
of Salisbury, who married Richard Neville (in
her right Earl of Salisbury), by whom she was the |
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mother of Richard Neville, afterwards the sixth
Earl of Salisbury, the famous King Maker, who |
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|
married Anne, Countess of Warwick, and had
issue two daughters - Isabella, married to George |
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Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence (brother of King
Edward IV), and Anne, married first to Edward, |
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Prince of Wales (only son of King Henry VI),
and secondly to Richard, Duke of Gloucester, |
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afterwards King Richard III, by neither of whom
was there any issue which survived. Isabella, by |
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|
the Duke of Clarence, had issue Edward, Earl of
Warwick and Salisbury, the last unfortunate |
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Prince of the House of Plantagenet, beheaded in
1499, and a daughter Margaret, afterwards |
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|
restored by King Henry VIII [as] Countess of
Salisbury, who married Sir Richard Pole, K.G., by |
|
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|
whom she had several children. Henry Pole, the
eldest son, was summoned to Parliament as |
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Lord Montagu [Montacute] in 1529, and he was
beheaded in 1539, leaving issue two daughters, |
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|
the elder of whom, Katherine, married Francis,
second Earl of Huntingdon, whose direct heir the |
|
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|
present claimant now is. The younger daughter,
Winifred, was first married to Sir Thomas |
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|
Hastings, the next brother to Francis, Earl of
Huntingdon, by whom she had no issue, and she |
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|
subsequently married Sir Thomas Barington.
Subsequently, in 1541, on the death, on the scaffold, |
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|
of Margaret, the Countess of Salisbury, the
four baronies fell into abeyance between the two |
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|
daughters of Henry Pole, Lord Montagu, and on
the accession of Queen Mary in 1553 an act of |
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|
Parliament was passed on their petition for the
full restitution in blood of the heirs of Henry Pole. |
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|
The abeyance of the baronies of Botreaux,
Hungerford, De Moleyns, and Hastings were |
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|
terminated in 1871 in favour of the late
Countess [of Loudoun] and her heirs general, and the |
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titles are now inherited by the present claimant. |
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'At the termination of the evidence and
arguments on behalf of the claimant, their Lordships, |
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without calling upon the learned counsel who
appeared for the Crown, resolved that the |
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|
petitioner had not made out his claim, inasmuch
as he had not shown that the attainder of the |
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|
Countess of Salisbury, by which the peerages in
question had been extinguished, had been |
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|
reversed. Claim disallowed accordingly.' |
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Notwithstanding the decision of the Committee
for Privileges above, a further attempt was made |
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|
in 1928-1929, but was rejected for exactly the
same reasons - i.e. that the two baronies in |
|
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|
question were still subject to the attainders of 1539. |
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In the minutes of the House of Lords for 20
March 1928, there is noted "a petition of William |
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|
Selby-Lowndes, of Whaddon Hall, in the County
of Buckingham, Esquire, O.B.E., claiming to be |
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|
one of the co-heirs of the ancient Baronies of
Montacute and Monthermer, praying his Majesty |
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|
to determine in his favour the abeyance now
existing of the said Baronies, and, in case it |
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|
should be found that the said Baronies are
affected by the attainder of Margaret Countess of |
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|
Salisbury or any other of the attainders
referred to in the said Petition, to be graciously pleased |
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|
to give directions for the introduction of a
Bill into Parliament to relieve the Petitioner from the |
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|
effect or effects of the said attainder or
attainders as aforesaid, in so far as it relates or they |
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|
relate to the said honours and dignities of
Montacute and Monthermer respectively." |
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The claim to the peerages was heard by the
House of Lords Committee for Privileges in |
|
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|
December 1928. The petitioner's claim rested
upon his descent from his great-great-great- |
|
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|
grandmother, who was the second daughter and
co-heir of Sir John Barrington, Bt., who was |
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|
third in descent from the marriage of Sir
Thomas Barrington with the Hon. Winifred Pole, |
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|
granddaughter and co-heir of Margaret
Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury and sole heir of |
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|
George, Duke of Clarence, brother of King Edward IV. |
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Margaret Plantagenet had married Sir Richard
Pole around 1491. In 1539 she was arrested and |
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|
attainted, and, two years later, was beheaded
within the Tower of London. Margaret was the |
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|
|
last surviving member of the Plantagenet
dynasty. Her eldest son, Henry Pole, was summoned |
|
|
|
to Parliament in his mother's title of Lord
Montacute in 1529 but he, too, was attainted and |
|
|
|
executed in January 1539. Another son, Reginald
Pole, was the last Roman Catholic Archbishop |
|
|
|
of Canterbury, dying on the same day as Queen
Mary in 1558. Margaret was viewed by the |
|
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|
Catholic Church as a martyr and was beatified
in 1886. |
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The baronies of Montacute and Monthermer were
therefore both under attainder - indeed the |
|
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|
Montacute peerage was under two attainders.
After reviewing all the evidence and arguments |
|
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|
put forward by the claimant, the Committee for
Privileges decided that, even if the two |
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|
attainders were to be reversed, there still
remained numerous descendants of Margaret |
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|
Plantagenet. As a result, the peerages would
still be in abeyance, and therefore the petitioner's |
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|
request for termination of the abeyances in his
favour was refused. |
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Elizabeth Monck, Duchess of Albemarle and later
Duchess of Montagu (22 Feb 1654- |
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|
11 Sep 1734) |
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Elizabeth was the eldest daughter of Henry
Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle, a man of |
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|
immense wealth, who maintained kingly state at
his great country seat of Welbeck Abbey, and |
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|
who never journeyed far from it without being
accompanied by at least 40 servants and three |
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|
coach loads of friends and retainers,
representing his 'court.' |
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|
On 30 December 1669, Lady Elizabeth married, at
age 15, Christopher Monck, son and heir of |
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|
the Duke of Albemarle. The ceremony took place
beside the Duke's deathbed, and four days |
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|
later, the Duke having died, she found herself
Duchess of Albemarle. |
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As the years passed, Elizabeth bore the Duke a
son, but he died almost immediately and no |
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|
other children were forthcoming. Lacking an
heir, or any prospect of one, the Duke made a |
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|
will allotting £8,000 a year and the use of his
Essex mansion, Newhall, to his wife, and |
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|
bequeathed the rest of his vast estate to his
lifelong friend, John Granville, Earl of Bath. When |
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|
she heard of the details of this will,
Elizabeth subjected him to a ceaseless barrage of nagging |
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|
and reproaches; but the Duke was determined to
have his way in this matter, so he endorsed |
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|
the will with a second, in which he stipulated
that no subsequent will should prevail unless |
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|
signed in the presence of six witnesses, of
whom three should be peers and that a sixpence |
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|
should change hands in the process of signing it. |
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The Duchess' bickering about the will now
developed into a mania, and rose to furious heights |
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|
when a lucky speculation in a treasure-seeking
expedition to the Caribbean added £90,000 to |
|
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|
Albemarle's fortune. To placate her, he made a
will as she desired, but not before six witnesses |
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|
as his earlier will required. Knowing nothing
of the endorsement to his first will, Elizabeth was |
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|
at last satisfied. |
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In October 1687, Albemarle and his wife sailed
for Jamaica, where he had been appointed as |
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|
Governor, accompanied by 100 servants and 500
tons of goods. A year later, following a short |
|
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|
illness, Albemarle died, aged 35. Elizabeth
returned to England, where a dispute immediately |
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|
arose over the estate. The Earl of Bath
produced the first will and its endorsement, while |
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|
Elizabeth countered by producing the second
will, which did not meet the conditions of the |
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|
endorsement and was therefore likely to be
invalid. Eventually, Lord Bath agreed, for a |
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|
consideration, to relinquish all claims during
the Duchess' lifetime. |
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Elizabeth's delusions of grandeur had now
reached such mammoth proportions as to tip her |
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|
over the edge into insanity. She let it be
known that she would not condescend to marry |
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|
anyone below the rank of a reigning prince. The
challenge was taken up by Ralph Montagu, |
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|
an unscrupulous widower, hard up and attempting
to repair his fortunes. Montagu was short |
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|
and dark with a sallow complexion. He hit upon
the idea of dressing in Chinese clothing and |
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|
introducing himself to Elizabeth as the Emperor
of China. Elizabeth was captivated and the two |
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|
were married in September 1692. In order to
prevent her from discovering his deception, he |
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|
bribed all of the servants and persuaded her
that it was her duty as the Empress of China to |
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remain in strict seclusion. |
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When anyone was granted admission to 'the
presence', they were required to fall flat upon the |
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floor, since this was what the Duchess fondly
imagined to be the Chinese ceremony of |
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|
abasement known as 'kowtowing.' After Montagu,
who had been created a Duke in 1705, died |
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|
in 1709, Elizabeth's relatives had her examined
by the Lunacy Commissioners who found that |
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|
she was quite mad and appointed her three
brothers-in-law her guardians. |
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None of this mattered to Elizabeth; she was
completely happy in her madness and loath to |
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abandon her mythical celestial empire, which
she ruled over for a further 25 years until she |
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died in August 1734, aged 80. |
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John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu and the Great
Bottle Hoax |
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Montagu, who was notorious as a practical
joker, is identified by some sources as being the man |
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behind "The Great Bottle Hoax" which
took place in January 1749. Other sources, however, |
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identify William Bentinck, 2nd Duke of Portland
and Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of |
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Chesterfield as being the originators of the
hoax. The Montagu theory is contained in "Dramatic |
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Table Talk, or Scenes, situations &
adventures, serious and comic, in theatrical history and |
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biography" by Richard Ryan and Francois
Joseph Talma, 3 volumes, London 1830:- |
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'In the year 1749, the facetious Duke of
Montague played off upon the good people of our |
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Metropolis [London], a hoax so remarkable, that it has ever since been referred to,
as a proof |
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of human credulity - This Nobleman being in
company with some friends, the conversation turned |
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on public curiosity, when the Duke said that it
went so far, that if a person advertised that he |
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would creep into a quart bottle, he would
procure an audience. Some of the company could not |
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believe this was possible; a wager was the
result, and the Duke, in order to decide it, caused |
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the following advertisement to be put in all
the papers. |
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"At the New Theatre in the Hay-Market on
Monday next, the 16th instant, to be seen, a person |
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who performs the several most surprising things
following, viz., first, he takes a common walking- |
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cane from any of the spectators, and thereon
plays the music of every instrument now in use, |
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and likewise sings to surprising perfection.
Secondly, he presents you with a common wine bottle, |
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which any of the spectators may first examine;
this bottle is placed on a table in the middle of |
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the stage, and he (without any equivocation)
goes into it in sight of all the spectators, and sings |
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in it; during his stay in the bottle any person
may handle it, and see plainly that it does not |
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exceed a common tavern bottle. |
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"Those on the stage or in the boxes may
come in masked habits (if agreeable to them); and the |
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performer (if desired) will inform them who they are. |
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"Stage 7s.6d., boxes 5s., pit 3s, gallery
2s. To begin at half an hour after six o'clock. Tickets to |
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be had at the theatre." |
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'The following advertisement was also published
at the same time, which one would have thought |
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sufficient to prevent the other having any effect. |
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"Lately arrived from Italy - Signor
Capisello Jumpedo, a surprising dwarf, no taller than a common |
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tavern tobacco pipe; who can perform many
wonderful equilibres on the slack or tight rope: |
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likewise he'll transform his body in above ten
thousand different shapes, and postures; and after |
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he has diverted the spectators two hours and a
half, he will open his mouth wide and jump down |
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his own throat. He being the most wonderfullest
wonder of wonders as ever the world wondered |
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at, would be willing to join in performance
with that wonderful musician on Monday next, in the |
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Haymarket." |
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'The bait, however, took even better than could
be expected. The play-house was crowded with |
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Dukes, Duchesses, Lords, Ladies, and all ranks
and degrees to witness the bottle conjurer. Of the |
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result, we quote the following account from the
journals of the times. |
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"Last night (viz. Monday the 16th,) the
much expected drama of "The Bottle Conjurer," at the |
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New Theatre in the Haymarket, ended in the
tragi-comical manner following. Curiosity had drawn |
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together prodigious numbers. About seven, the
Theatre being lighted up, without so much as a |
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single fiddle to keep the audience in good
humour, many grew impatient. Immediately followed a |
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chorus of catcalls, heightened by loud
vociferations, and beating with sticks; when a fellow came |
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from behind the curtain, and bowing, said,
that, if the performer did not appear, the money |
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should be returned; at the same time a wag
crying out from the pit, that if the ladies and gentle- |
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men would give double prices the conjurer would
get into a pint bottle. Presently a young gentle- |
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man in one of the boxes seized a lighted candle
and threw it on the stage. This served as the |
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charge for sounding to battle. Upon this the
greater part of the audience made the best of their |
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way out of the Theatre; some losing a cloak,
others a hat, others a wig, and swords also. One |
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party, however, staid in the house, in order to
demolish the inside, when the mob breaking in, |
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they tore up the benches, broke to pieces the
scenes, pulled down the boxes; in short, |
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dismantled the Theatre entirely, carrying away
the particulars above mentioned into the street, |
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where they made a mighty bonfire; the curtain
being hoisted on a pole by way of a flag. A large |
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party of guards were sent for, but came time
enough only to warm themselves round
the fire. |
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We hear of no other disaster than a young
nobleman's chin being hurt, occasioned by his fall |
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into the pit with part of one of the boxes,
which he had forced out with his foot. 'Tis thought |
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the conjurer vanished away with the bank. Many
enemies of a late celebrated book, concerning |
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the ceasing of miracles, are greatly
disappointed by the conjurer's non-appearance in the bottle; |
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they imagining that his jumping into it would
have been the most convincing proof possible, |
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that miracles are not yet ceased." |
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The case for the instigator being the 2nd Duke
of Portland is raised in the very interesting book |
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"Room Two More Guns; the intriguing
history of the Personal Column of the Times" (George |
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Allen & Unwin, London 1986) by its author
Stephen Winkworth, who, when examining the origins |
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of classified advertising, includes the
following anecdote:- |
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'In 1749 the Duke of Portland and the Earl of
Chesterfield were discussing the question of |
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human gullibility and the persuasive power of
advertising. The Duke advanced the claim that |
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people were foolish enough and curious enough
to pay good money to see 'the most |
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impossible thing in the world' performed, if it
were well advertised. The Earl of Chesterfield |
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challenged this assertion. 'Surely, if a man
should say, for example, he would jump into a |
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quart bottle, no one would believe him.' The
Duke replied that on the contrary he was |
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prepared to bet they would believe as much, and
more; and he would wager a hundred pounds |
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on it. The two men composed an advertisement,
which was placed in a newspaper called The |
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General Advertiser: |
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"At the new theatre in the Haymarket on
Monday next, the 16th instant, is to be seen a |
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person who performs the most surprising thing -
viz., he presents you with a common wine |
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bottle, which any of the spectators may first
examine; this bottle is placed on a table in the |
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middle of the stage, and he (without any
equivocation) goes into it, in the sight of all the |
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spectators, and sings in it; during his stay in
the bottle any person may handle it, and see |
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plainly that it does not exceed a common tavern
bottle. Tickets to be had at the theatre. |
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To begin a half hour after six o'clock." |
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'The effects of this advertisement were beyond
all expectations. The theatre was sold out, |
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with seats priced at up to seven shillings
each, and the building was packed from pit to |
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gallery. When the appointed hour came and went
without anyone appearing, the crowd grew |
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restless. In vain the manager came out and
apologised for the delay. The minutes passed, |
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boos and hisses began to fill the air; then
suddenly a top-hatted buck in a box threw a |
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lighted candle at the stage. Pandemonium broke
out, and the audience started ripping down |
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the curtains and tearing up the furniture. The
theatre was gutted. But the Duke of Portland's |
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wager was won.' |
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The special remainder to the Barony of Montagu
created in 1786 |
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From the "London Gazette" of 5 August
1786 (issue 12775, page 351):- |
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"The King has....been pleased to grant the
Dignity of a Baron of the Kingdom of Great Britain to |
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his Grace George Montagu, Duke of Montagu,
Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, for |
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and during his natural Life, by the Name, Style
and Title of Baron Montagu, of Boughton in the |
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County of Northampton; with Remainder to the
Right Honourable Henry James Montagu |
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(commonly called Lord Henry James Montagu)
Second Son of his Grace Henry Duke of Buccleugh, |
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Knight of the Most Ancient Order of the
Thistle, and of Elizabeth Duchess of Buccleugh his Wife, |
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Daughter of the said George Duke of Montagu,
and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten; |
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and with Remainder to the Third and other
after-born Sons of the said Duchess successively in |
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Tail Male." |
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George Samuel Browne, 8th Viscount Montagu |
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Montagu was travelling in Switzerland with a
companion named Burdett in October 1793, when, |
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according to 'The Times' of 2 November 1793,
'having a desire to view a famous cataract near |
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that place [Schaffhausen], they embarked in a
small boat, notwithstanding the urgent |
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solicitations of the inhabitants of this place
not to do so, on account of the danger. They had |
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not pushed off from the shore many minutes,
when the boat was overset by a whirlpool, and |
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both these gentlemen were drowned.' |
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The waterfall in question was the Rheinfall in
Switzerland, the largest (by volume of water) in |
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Europe. A photograph of the falls can be found
at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhine_Falls |
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John Walter Edward Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 2nd
Baron Montagu of Beaulieu |
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Montagu was one of the few who had the
privilege of reading their own obituaries, after he |
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had been assumed to have been lost when the
ship in which he was travelling was torpedoed |
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in the eastern Mediterranean during WW1. A
number of reports of his presumed death and a |
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lengthy appreciation of his life were published
before it was found that he had survived. |
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Lord Montagu's account of the sinking appeared
in 'The Times' of 6 January 1916. |
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'The Persia was torpedoed without warning at
1.5 p.m. on Thursday, December 30 [1915]. |
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It was a fine day, with a moderate sea. The
ship turned turtle and sank in five minutes. |
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'The was no panic among the passengers, but
owing to the ship's rapid heeling over to the |
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port side it was impossible to launch the
boats, for which a drill had taken place on the |
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previous day. The port side was submerged in
two minutes, and the ship sank by the stern, |
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dragging me down with her. |
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'When I was blown up to the surface again I saw
a dreadful scene of struggling human beings. |
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There was hardly any wreckage to grasp. Nearly
all the boats were smashed, and only three |
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remained afloat. After a desperate struggle, I
climbed on to the bottom of a broken boat |
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with 28 Lascars and three other Europeans. Our
number was reduced to 19 by Thursday night, |
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and only 11 remained on Friday, the rest having
died from exposure and injuries. |
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'We saw a neutral steamer pass close by on
Thursday evening at about 8 o'clock, but she |
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took no notice of the red flare shown by
another of the Persia's boats. I pulled five dead men |
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out of the water during the first night in the
water-logged boat. We saw a large steamer three |
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miles away on the next day, but she, too,
ignored our signals, probably thinking they were a |
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ruse of an enemy submarine. |
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'Our broken boat capsized constantly and we
were all the time washed by the waves, so that |
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we were almost exhausted when the second night
began. At 8.30 pm. we saw the Alfred |
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Holt steamer Ningchow near us and shouted as
loudly as we could. Eventually the steamer |
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stopped some way off, again suspecting a
submarine trap, but as last she approached and |
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rescued us on Friday night at 9 o'clock, after
we had been 32 hours in the sea without water |
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or food, except one biscuit from a tin found in
the boat, since breakfast time on Thursday. |
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'Our survival and rescue were absolutely
miraculous in the circumstances. Captain Allen and the |
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officers and crew of the Ningchow did all that
could possibly be done. Our lives are due to the |
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Third Officer, Mr. Maclean, who first heard our
voices. |
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'We landed at Malta on Monday morning, where
every kindness was shown to us by Captain |
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Andrews, the P. and O. agent. I am staying with
Lord Methuen until I have recovered from my |
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injuries and shock. Everything was done by the
officers and crew of the Persia, but it is |
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marvellous that anyone escaped.' |
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Copyright © 2020 Maltagenealogy.com |
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