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PEERAGE |
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Last updated 02/05/2020 |
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Date |
Rank |
Order |
Name |
Born |
Died |
Age |
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NAAS |
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1 Aug 1776 |
B[I] |
1 |
John Bourke |
c 1705 |
2 Dec 1790 |
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Created Baron Naas 1 Aug 1776 |
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He was subsequently created Earl of |
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Mayo (qv) in 1785 |
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NAIRNE |
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27 Jan 1681 |
B[S] |
1 |
Robert Nairne |
c 1620 |
30 May 1683 |
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to |
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Created Lord Nairne 27 Jan 1681 |
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30 May 1683 |
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On his death the peerage apparently became |
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suspended - see note at the foot of this page |
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22 Apr 1690 |
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2 |
Lord William Murray |
c 1665 |
3 Feb 1726 |
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to |
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Admitted to Parliament as Lord Nairne 1690. |
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1716 |
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He was attainted and the peerage forfeited |
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[3 Feb 1726] |
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[3] |
John Nairne |
c 1691 |
11 Jul 1770 |
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[11 Jul 1770] |
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[4] |
John Nairne |
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7 Nov 1782 |
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[7 Nov 1782] |
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William Nairne |
1757 |
7 Jul 1830 |
73 |
17 Jun 1824 |
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5 |
He
obtained a reversal of the attainder |
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in 1824 |
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7 Jul 1830 |
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6 |
William Nairne |
1808 |
7 Dec 1837 |
29 |
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7 Dec 1837 |
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7 |
Margaret de la Billardrie,Baroness Keith [2nd in line] |
12 Jun 1788 |
11 Nov 1867 |
79 |
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11 Nov 1867 |
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8 |
Emily
Jane Mercer Elphinstone de Flahault |
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Petty-Fitzmaurice |
16 May 1819 |
25 Jun 1895 |
76 |
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For information on her successful claim to this |
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peerage,see the note at the foot of this page |
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25 Jun 1895 |
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9 |
Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, |
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5th Marquess of Lansdowne |
14 Jan 1845 |
2 Jun 1927 |
82 |
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2 Jun 1927 |
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10 |
Henry William Edmund Petty-Fitzmaurice, |
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6th Marquess of Lansdowne |
14 Jan 1872 |
5 Mar 1936 |
64 |
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5 Mar 1936 |
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11 |
Charles Hope Petty-Fitzmaurice,7th Marquess |
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of Lansdowne |
9 Jan 1917 |
20 Aug 1944 |
27 |
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20 Aug 1944 |
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12 |
Katherine Evelyn Constable Bigham |
22 Jun 1912 |
20 Oct 1995 |
83 |
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20 Oct 1995 |
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13 |
Richard Maurice Clive Bigham |
8 Jul 1934 |
5 Aug 2006 |
72 |
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He had previously succeeded to the Viscountcy |
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of Mersey (qv) in 1979 with which title this |
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peerage then merged and so remains |
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NAPIER OF MAGDALA |
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17 Jul 1868 |
B |
1 |
Sir Robert George Cornelis Napier |
5 Dec 1810 |
14 Jan 1890 |
79 |
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Created Baron Napier of Magdala |
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17 Jul 1868 |
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Governor of Gibraltar 1876-1882. Field |
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Marshal 1883 |
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For information regarding this peer,see the note |
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at the foot of this page |
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14 Jan 1890 |
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2 |
Robert William Napier |
11 Feb 1845 |
11 Dec 1921 |
76 |
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11 Dec 1921 |
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3 |
James Pearse Napier |
30 Dec 1849 |
2 May 1935 |
85 |
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2 May 1935 |
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4 |
Edward Herbert Scott Napier |
16 Dec 1861 |
20 Jul 1948 |
86 |
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20 Jul 1948 |
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5 |
Robert John Napier |
16 Jun 1904 |
29 Oct 1987 |
83 |
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29 Oct 1987 |
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6 |
Robert Alan Napier |
6 Sep 1940 |
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NAPIER OF MERCHISTOUN |
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4 May 1627 |
B[S] |
1 |
Sir Archibald Napier,1st baronet |
c 1575 |
Nov 1645 |
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Created Lord Napier of Merchistoun |
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4 May 1627 |
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Nov 1645 |
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2 |
Archibald Napier |
c 1625 |
4 Sep 1658 |
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4 Sep 1658 |
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3 |
Archibald Napier |
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7 Aug 1683 |
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7 Aug 1683 |
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4 |
Thomas Nicolson |
14 Jan 1669 |
9 Jun 1686 |
17 |
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9 Jun 1686 |
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5 |
Margaret Brisbane |
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Sep 1706 |
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Sep 1706 |
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6 |
Francis Napier |
c 1702 |
11 Apr 1773 |
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11 Apr 1773 |
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7 |
William Napier |
1 May 1730 |
2 Jan 1775 |
44 |
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2 Jan 1775 |
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8 |
Francis Napier |
23 Feb 1758 |
1 Aug 1823 |
65 |
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Lord Lieutenant Selkirk 1797-1823 |
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1 Aug 1823 |
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9 |
William John Napier |
13 Oct 1786 |
11 Oct 1834 |
47 |
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11 Oct 1834 |
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10 |
Francis Napier |
15 Sep 1819 |
19 Dec 1898 |
79 |
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Created Baron Ettrick [UK] 16 Jul 1872 |
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Governor of Madras 1866-1872. PC 1861 |
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KT 1864 |
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19 Dec 1898 |
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11 |
William
John George Napier (also 2nd
Baron |
22 Sep 1846 |
6 Dec 1913 |
67 |
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Baron Ettrick) |
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6 Dec 1913 |
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12 |
Francis Edward Basil Napier (also 3rd Baron |
19 Nov 1876 |
22 Mar 1941 |
64 |
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Baron Ettrick) |
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22 Mar 1941 |
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13 |
William Francis Cyril James Hamilton Napier |
9 Sep 1900 |
23 Aug 1954 |
53 |
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(also 4th Baron Ettrick) |
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23 Aug 1954 |
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14 |
Francis Nigel Napier
(also 5th Baron Ettrick) |
5 Dec 1930 |
15 Mar 2012 |
81 |
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15 Mar 2012 |
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15 |
Francis David Charles Napier (also 6th Baron |
3 Nov 1962 |
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Ettrick) |
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NASEBY |
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28 Oct 1997 |
B[L] |
1 |
Michael Wolfgang Laurence Morris |
25 Nov 1936 |
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Created Baron Naseby for life 28 Oct 1997 |
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MP for Northampton South 1974-1997 PC 1994 |
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NASH |
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21 Jan 2013 |
B[L] |
1 |
John Alfred Stoddard Nash |
22 Mar 1949 |
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Created Baron Nash for life 21 Jan 2013 |
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NATHAN |
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28 Jun 1940 |
B |
1 |
Harry Louis Nathan |
2 Feb 1889 |
23 Oct 1963 |
74 |
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Created Baron Nathan 28 Jun 1940 |
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MP for Bethnal Green NE 1929-1935 and |
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Wandsworth Central 1937-1940. Minister |
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of Civil Aviation 1946-1948. PC 1946 |
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23 Oct 1963 |
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2 |
Roger Carol Michael Nathan |
5 Dec 1922 |
19 Jul 2007 |
84 |
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19 Jul 2007 |
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3 |
Rupert Harry Bernard Nathan |
26 May 1957 |
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NAVAR |
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3 Aug 1646 |
B[S] |
1 |
Patrick Maule |
29 May 1585 |
22 Dec 1661 |
76 |
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Created Lord Maule,Brechin and Navar |
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and Earl of Panmure 3 Aug 1646 |
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See "Panmure" |
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NEILL OF BLADEN |
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28 Nov 1997 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Francis Patrick Neill |
8 Aug 1926 |
28 May 2016 |
89 |
to |
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Created Baron Neill of Bladen for life |
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28 May 2016 |
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28 Nov 1997 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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NELSON |
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22 May 1801 |
V |
1 |
Horatio Nelson |
29 Sep 1758 |
21 Oct 1805 |
47 |
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Created Baron Nelson 6 Nov 1798 and |
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18 Aug 1801 and Viscount Nelson |
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22 May 1801 |
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For details of the special remainder included in the |
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creation of the
Barony of 1801,see the note at the |
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foot of this page |
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On his death the Viscountcy and Barony of |
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1798 became extinct,whilst the Barony of |
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1801 passed to - |
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21 Oct 1805 |
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2 |
William Nelson |
20 Apr 1757 |
28 Feb 1835 |
77 |
20 Nov 1805 |
E |
1 |
Created
Viscount Merton and Earl |
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Nelson 20 Nov 1805 |
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For details of the special remainders included in the |
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creation
of these peerages,see the note at the |
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foot of this page |
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28 Feb 1835 |
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2 |
Thomas Nelson |
7 Jul 1786 |
1 Nov 1835 |
49 |
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1 Nov 1835 |
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3 |
Horatio Nelson |
7 Aug 1823 |
25 Feb 1913 |
89 |
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25 Feb 1913 |
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4 |
Thomas Horatio Nelson |
21 Dec 1857 |
30 Sep 1947 |
89 |
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30 Sep 1947 |
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5 |
Edward Agar Horatio Nelson |
10 Aug 1860 |
30 Jan 1951 |
90 |
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30 Jan 1951 |
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6 |
Albert Francis Joseph Horatio Nelson |
2 Sep 1890 |
23 Jun 1957 |
66 |
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23 Jun 1957 |
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7 |
Henry Edward Joseph Horatio Nelson |
22 Apr 1894 |
8 Aug 1972 |
78 |
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8 Aug 1972 |
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George Joseph Horatio Nelson |
20 Apr 1905 |
21 Sep 1981 |
76 |
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21 Sep 1981 |
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9 |
Peter John Horatio Nelson |
9 Oct 1941 |
28 Mar 2009 |
67 |
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28 Mar 2009 |
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10 |
Simon John Horatio Nelson |
21 Sep 1971 |
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NELSON OF STAFFORD |
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20 Jan 1960 |
B |
1 |
Sir George Horatio Nelson,1st baronet |
26 Oct 1887 |
16 Jul 1962 |
74 |
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Created Baron Nelson of Stafford |
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20 Jan 1960 |
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16 Jul 1962 |
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2 |
Henry George Nelson |
2 Jan 1917 |
19 Jan 1995 |
78 |
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19 Jan 1995 |
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3 |
Henry Roy George Nelson |
26 Oct 1943 |
22 Sep 2006 |
62 |
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22 Sep 2006 |
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4 |
Alistair William Henry Nelson |
3 Jun 1973 |
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NEMPHLAR |
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25 Jul 1701 |
V[S] |
1 |
John Carmichael,2nd Lord Carmichael |
28 Feb 1638 |
20 Sep 1710 |
72 |
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Created Lord Carmichael,Viscount of |
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Inglisberry and Nemphlar and Earl of |
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Hyndford 25 Jul 1701 |
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See "Hyndford" |
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NETHERTHORPE |
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10 Mar 1959 |
B |
1 |
James Turner |
6 Jan 1908 |
8 Nov 1980 |
72 |
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Created Baron
Netherthorpe |
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10 Mar 1959 |
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8 Nov 1980 |
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2 |
James Andrew Turner |
23 Jul 1936 |
4 Nov 1982 |
46 |
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4 Nov 1982 |
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3 |
James Frederick Turner |
7 Jan 1964 |
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NETTERVILLE |
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3 Apr 1622 |
V[I] |
1 |
Nicholas Netterville |
1581 |
1654 |
73 |
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Created Viscount Netterville 3 Apr 1622 |
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1654 |
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2 |
John Netterville |
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3 Sep 1659 |
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3 Sep 1659 |
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3 |
Nicholas Netterville |
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1689 |
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1689 |
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4 |
John Netterville |
1674 |
12 Dec 1727 |
53 |
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12 Dec 1727 |
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5 |
Nicholas Netterville |
7 Feb 1709 |
19 Mar 1751 |
42 |
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19 Mar 1751 |
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6 |
John Netterville |
Mar 1744 |
15 Mar 1826 |
82 |
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15 Mar 1826 |
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7 |
James Netterville |
1774 |
13 Feb 1854 |
79 |
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Claim allowed 14 August 1834 |
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13 Feb 1854 |
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8 |
Arthur James Netterville |
c 1800 |
7 Apr 1882 |
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to |
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Claim allowed 1867. On his death the peerage |
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7 Apr 1882 |
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is presumed to have become extinct |
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NEUBERGER |
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15 Jun 2004 |
B[L] |
1 |
Dame Julia Babette Sarah Neuberger |
27 Feb 1950 |
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Created Baroness Neuberger for life |
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15 Jun 2004 |
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NEUBERGER OF ABBOTSBURY |
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11 Jan 2007 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir David Edmond Neuberger |
10 Jan 1948 |
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Created Baron Neuberger of Abbotsbury |
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for life 11 Jan 2007 |
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Lord Justice of Appeal 2004-2007. Lord of |
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Appeal in
Ordinary 2007-2009. Master of the Rolls |
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2009-2012. President of the Supreme Court 2012- |
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2017. PC 2004 |
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NEVILL |
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19 Dec 1311 |
B |
1 |
Hugh de Nevill |
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27 May 1336 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Nevill 19 Dec 1311 |
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27 May 1336 |
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2 |
John de Nevill |
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25 Jul 1358 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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25 Jul 1358 |
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NEVILL DE RABY |
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24 Jun 1295 |
B |
1 |
Ralph de Nevill |
18 Oct 1262 |
18 Apr 1331 |
69 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Nevill de Raby 24 Jun 1295 |
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18 Apr 1331 |
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2 |
Ralph de Nevill |
1291 |
5 Aug 1367 |
76 |
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5 Aug 1367 |
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3 |
John de Nevill |
1341 |
17 Oct 1388 |
47 |
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KG 1369 |
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17 Oct 1388 |
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4 |
Ralph de Nevill |
c 1364 |
21 Oct 1425 |
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He was created Earl of Westmorland (qv) in |
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1397 with which title this peerage then |
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merged until its forfeiture in 1570 |
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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20 Nov 1459 |
B |
1 |
John Nevill |
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29 Mar 1461 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Nevill de Raby 20 Nov 1459 |
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29 Mar 1461 |
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2 |
Ralph Nevill |
1456 |
6 Feb 1499 |
42 |
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He succeeded to the Earldom of |
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Westmorland (qv) in 1484 with which title |
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this peerage then merged until its |
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forfeiture in 1571 |
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NEVILL OF BIRLING |
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17 May 1784 |
V |
1 |
George Nevill,17th Baron Abergavenny |
24 Jun 1727 |
9 Sep 1785 |
58 |
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Created Viscount Nevill and Earl of |
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Abergavenny 17 May 1784 |
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See "Abergavenny" |
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NEVILLE-JONES |
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15 Oct 2007 |
B[L] |
1 |
Dame Lilian Pauline Neville-Jones |
2 Nov 1939 |
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Created Baroness Neville-Jones for life |
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15 Oct 2007 |
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PC 2010 |
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NEVILLE-ROLFE |
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10 Sep 2013 |
B[L] |
1 |
Dame Lucy Jeanne Neville-Rolfe |
2 Jan 1953 |
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Created
Baroness Neville-Rolfe for life |
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10 Sep 2013 |
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NEWALL |
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18 Jul 1946 |
B |
1 |
Sir Cyril Louis Norton Newall |
15 Feb 1886 |
30 Nov 1963 |
77 |
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Created Baron Newall 18 Jul 1946 |
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Marshal of the RAF 1940. Governor General |
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of New Zealand 1941-1946.
OM 1940 |
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For further information on this peer, see the |
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note at the foot of this page |
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30 Nov 1963 |
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2 |
Francis Storer Eaton Newall |
23 Jun 1930 |
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NEWARK |
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25 Jul 1628 |
E |
1 |
Robert Pierrepont |
6 Aug 1584 |
30 Jul 1643 |
58 |
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Created Baron Pierrepont 29 Jun 1627 |
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and Viscount Newark and Earl of |
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Kingston-upon-Hull 25 Jul 1628 |
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See "Kingston-upon-Hull" - extinct 1773 |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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23 Jul 1796 |
V |
1 |
Charles Pierrepont |
14 Nov 1737 |
17 Jun 1816 |
78 |
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Created Baron Pierrepont and |
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Viscount Newark 23 Jul 1796 |
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He was subsequently created Earl Manvers |
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(qv) in 1806 |
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NEWARK (Scotland) |
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31 Aug 1661 |
B[S] |
1 |
David Leslie |
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Feb 1682 |
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Created Lord Newark 31 Aug 1661 |
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Feb 1682 |
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2 |
David Leslie |
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15 May 1694 |
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to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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15 May 1694 |
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NEWBOROUGH |
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12 Apr 1715 |
B[I] |
1 |
George Cholmondeley,later [1725] 2nd Earl of |
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Cholmondeley |
1666 |
7 May 1733 |
66 |
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Created Baron
Newborough 12 Apr |
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1715 and Baron Newburgh 10 Jul 1716 |
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See
"Cholmondeley" with which title these |
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peerages remain merged |
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**************** |
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5 Jan 1822 |
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George Horatio Cholmondeley |
16 Jan 1792 |
8 May 1870 |
78 |
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He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of |
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Acceleration as Baron Newburgh 5 Jan 1822 |
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He succeeded as Marquess of Cholmondeley (qv) |
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in 1827 |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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23 Jul 1776 |
B[I] |
1 |
Sir Thomas Wynn,3rd baronet |
1736 |
12 Oct 1807 |
71 |
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Created Baron Newborough 23 Jul 1776 |
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MP for Carnarvonshire 1761-1764, St.Ives |
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1775-1780 and Beaumaris 1796-1807. Lord |
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Lieutenant Carnarvon 1761-1781 |
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For information on this peer's second wife, |
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see the note at the foot of this page |
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12 Oct 1807 |
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2 |
Thomas John Wynn |
3 Apr 1802 |
15 Nov 1832 |
30 |
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MP for Carnarvonshire 1826-1830 |
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15 Nov 1832 |
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3 |
Spencer Bulkeley Wynn |
23 May 1803 |
1 Nov 1888 |
85 |
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1 Nov 1888 |
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4 |
William Charles Wynn |
4 Nov 1873 |
19 Jul 1916 |
42 |
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19 Jul 1916 |
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5 |
Thomas John Wynn |
22 Nov 1878 |
27 Apr 1957 |
78 |
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27 Apr 1957 |
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6 |
Robert Vaughan Wynn |
17 Jul 1877 |
27 Oct 1965 |
88 |
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27 Oct 1965 |
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7 |
Robert Charles Michael Vaughan Wynn |
24 Apr 1917 |
11 Oct 1998 |
81 |
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For further information on this peer, see the |
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note at the foot of this page |
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11 Oct 1998 |
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8 |
Robert Vaughan Wynn |
11 Aug 1949 |
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NEWBOTTLE |
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10 Jul 1606 |
E[S] |
1 |
Mark Kerr |
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8 Apr 1609 |
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Created Lord Newbottle 28 Oct 1587 |
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and Earl of Lothian 10 Jul 1606 |
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See "Lothian" |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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31 Oct 1631 |
E[S] |
1 |
William Kerr |
c 1605 |
Oct 1675 |
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Created Lord Newbottle and Earl of |
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Lothian 31 Oct 1631 |
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See "Lothian" |
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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23 Jun 1701 |
B[S] |
1 |
Robert Kerr |
8 Mar 1636 |
15 Feb 1703 |
66 |
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Created Lord Kerr of Newbottle, |
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Viscount of Briene,Earl of Ancram and |
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Marquess of Lothian 23 Jun 1701 |
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See "Lothian" |
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NEWBURGH |
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31 Dec 1660 |
E[S] |
1 |
Sir James Levingston,2nd baronet |
c 1622 |
6 Dec 1670 |
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Created Viscount of Newburgh |
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13 Sep 1647 and Lord Levingston, |
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Viscount of
Kynnaird and Earl of |
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Newburgh 31 Dec 1660 |
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MP for Cirencester 1661-1670 |
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6 Dec 1670 |
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2 |
Charles Levingston |
c 1664 |
7 Apr 1694 |
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MP for Circencester 1685-1689 |
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7 Apr 1694 |
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3 |
Charlotte Maria Radclyffe |
c 1694 |
4 Aug 1755 |
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4 Aug 1755 |
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4 |
James Bartholomew Radclyffe |
23 Aug 1725 |
2 Jan 1786 |
60 |
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2 Jan 1786 |
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5 |
Anthony James Radclyffe |
20 Jun 1757 |
29 Nov 1814 |
57 |
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29 Nov 1814 |
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6 |
Vincentius Josephus Philippus Gratilianus |
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Jacobus Gaspar Baldaxar Melchior |
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Dominicus Giustiniani |
2 Nov 1762 |
13 Nov 1826 |
64 |
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13 Nov 1826 |
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7 |
Maria Cecilia Agatha Anna Josepha |
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Laurentia Donata Melchiora Balthassar |
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Gaspara Bandini |
5 Feb 1796 |
2 Jan 1877 |
80 |
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2 Jan 1877 |
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8 |
Sigismund Nicholas Venantius Gaetano |
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Francisco Giustiniani-Bandini |
30 Jun 1818 |
3 Aug 1908 |
90 |
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For
information on unsuccessful claims to the |
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title and estates, see note at the foot of this page |
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3 Aug 1908 |
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9 |
Charles Giustiniani-Bandini |
1 Jan 1862 |
14 Jun 1941 |
79 |
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For further information on this peer,see the |
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note at the foot of this page |
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14 Jun 1941 |
|
10 |
Maria Sofia Guiseppina Giustiniani-Bandini |
4 May 1889 |
30 Apr 1977 |
87 |
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30 Apr 1977 |
|
11 |
Giulio Cesare Taddeo Cosimo Rospigliosi |
26 Oct 1907 |
18 Apr 1986 |
78 |
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18 Apr 1986 |
|
12 |
Filippo Giambattista Camillo Francesco |
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Aldo Maria Rospigliosi |
4 Jul 1942 |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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10 Jul 1716 |
B |
1 |
George Cholmondeley |
c 1666 |
7 May 1733 |
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Created Baron
Newborough 12 Apr |
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1715 and Baron Newburgh 10 Jul 1716 |
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See "Cholmondeley" |
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NEWBURY |
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10 Sep 1675 |
B |
1 |
Charles Fitzroy |
18 Jun 1662 |
9 Sep 1730 |
68 |
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Created Baron of Newbury,Earl of |
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Chichester and Duke of Southampton |
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10 Sep 1675 |
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See "Cleveland" |
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NEWBY |
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25 Sep 1997 |
B[L] |
1 |
Richard Mark Newby |
14 Feb 1953 |
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Created Baron Newby for life 25 Sep 1997 |
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PC 2014 |
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NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE |
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17 May 1623 |
E |
1 |
Lodovick Stuart,2nd Duke of Lennox |
29 Sep 1574 |
16 Feb 1624 |
49 |
to |
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Created
Baron of Setrington and Earl |
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16 Feb 1624 |
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of Richmond 6 Oct 1613, and Earl of |
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Newcastle upon Tyne and Duke of |
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Richmond 17 May 1623 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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16 Mar 1665 |
D |
1 |
William Cavendish |
16 Dec 1593 |
25 Dec 1676 |
83 |
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Created Viscount Mansfield 3 Nov 1620 |
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Baron Cavendish and Earl of Newcastle |
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upon Tyne 7 Mar 1628,Marquess of |
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Newcastle on
Tyne 27 Oct 1643 and |
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Earl of Ogle and Duke of Newcastle |
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16 Mar 1665 |
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Lord Lieutenant Nottinghamshire 1626 and 1660- |
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1676 and Northumberland 1670-1676. KG 1650 |
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25 Dec 1676 |
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2 |
Henry Cavendish |
24 Jun 1630 |
26 Jul 1691 |
61 |
to |
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MP for Derbyshire 1660 and Northumberland |
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26 Jul 1691 |
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1661-1676. Lord Lieutenant Northumberland |
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1670-1689,Nottinghamshire 1677-1689 and |
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E,N and W Ridings Yorkshire 1688-1689 KG 1677 |
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PC 1679 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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14 May 1694 |
D |
1 |
John Holles,4th Earl of Clare |
9 Jan 1662 |
15 Jul 1711 |
49 |
to |
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Created Marquess of Clare and Duke |
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15 Jul 1711 |
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of Newcastle 14 May 1694 |
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Lord Lieutenant E Riding Yorkshire 1699-1711 |
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N Riding 1705-1711 and Nottingham 1694-1711 |
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MP for Nottinghamshire 1689 PC 1705 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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11 Aug 1715 |
D |
1 |
Thomas Pelham-Holles,2nd Baron Pelham of Laughton |
1 Jul 1693 |
17 Nov 1768 |
75 |
to |
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Created Viscount Haughton and Earl |
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17 Nov 1768 |
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of Clare 19 Oct 1714, and Marquess of |
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Clare and Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne |
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11 Aug 1715 |
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The
creations of 1714 and 1715 both contained a |
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special remainder failing his issue male,to his brother |
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Henry Pelham in tail male |
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Secretary of State 1724-1754. Prime Minister |
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1754-1756 and 1757-1762. Lord Privy Seal |
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1765-1766. Lord Lieutenant Middlesex 1714- |
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1763, Nottinghamshire 1714-1763 and 1765- |
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1768 and Sussex 1761-1763. PC 1717 |
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KG 1718 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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NEWCASTLE UNDER LYNE |
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17 Nov 1756 |
D |
1 |
Thomas Pelham-Holles,1st Duke of Newcastle |
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upon Tyne |
1 Jul 1693 |
17 Nov 1768 |
75 |
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Created Duke of Newcastle under Lyne |
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17 Nov 1756 and Baron Pelham of |
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Stanmer 4 May 1762 |
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For details of the special remainder included in the |
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creation
of the Dukedom, see the note at the |
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foot of this page |
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17 Nov 1768 |
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2 |
Henry Pelham-Clinton,9th Earl of Lincoln |
16 Apr 1720 |
22 Feb 1794 |
73 |
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Lord Lieutenant Cambridge 1742-1757 and |
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Nottinghamshire
1768-1794. KG 1752 |
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PC 1768 |
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22 Feb 1794 |
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3 |
Thomas Pelham-Clinton |
1 Jul 1752 |
17 May 1795 |
42 |
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MP for Westminster 1774-1780 and East |
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Retford 1781-1794. Lord Lieutenant |
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Nottinghamshire 1794-1795 |
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17 May 1795 |
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4 |
Henry Pelham Pelham-Clinton |
31 Jan 1785 |
12 Jan 1851 |
65 |
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Lord Lieutenant Nottinghamshire 1809-1839 |
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KG 1812 |
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12 Jan 1851 |
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5 |
Henry Pelham Pelham-Clinton |
22 May 1811 |
18 Oct 1864 |
53 |
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MP for Nottinghamshire South 1832-1846 |
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and Falkirk 1846-1851. First Commissioner |
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of Woods and Forests 1841-1846. Chief |
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Secretary for Ireland 1846. Colonial |
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Secretary 1852-1854 and 1859-1864. |
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Secretary of State for War 1854-1855. |
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Lord Lieutenant Nottinghamshire 1857-1864 |
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PC 1841 PC [I]
1846 KG 1860 |
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18 Oct 1864 |
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6 |
Henry Pelham Alexander Pelham-Clinton |
25 Jan 1834 |
22 Feb 1879 |
45 |
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MP for Newark 1857-1859 |
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22 Feb 1879 |
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7 |
Henry Pelham Archibald Douglas |
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Pelham-Clinton |
28 Sep 1864 |
30 May 1928 |
63 |
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30 May 1928 |
|
8 |
Henry Francis Hope Pelham-Clinton-Hope |
3 Feb 1866 |
20 Apr 1941 |
75 |
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20 Apr 1941 |
|
9 |
Henry Edward Hugh Pelham-Clinton-Hope |
8 Apr 1907 |
4 Nov 1988 |
81 |
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4 Nov 1988 |
|
10 |
Edward Charles Pelham-Clinton |
18 Aug 1920 |
25 Dec 1988 |
68 |
to |
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|
Peerages (except the Earldom of Lincoln) extinct |
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25 Dec 1988 |
|
|
on his death |
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NEWCOMEN |
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11 Feb 1803 |
V[I] |
1 |
Charlotte Gleadowe-Newcomen |
c 1747 |
16 May 1817 |
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|
Created Baroness Newcomen 31 Jul |
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|
1800 and Viscountess Newcomen |
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11 Feb 1803 |
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16 May 1817 |
|
2 |
Sir Thomas Gleadowe-Newcomen,2nd baronet |
18 Sep 1776 |
15 Jan 1825 |
48 |
to |
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MP for co.Longford 1802-1806 |
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15 Jan 1825 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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NEWHAVEN |
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17 May 1681 |
V[S] |
1 |
Charles Cheyne |
23 Oct 1625 |
30 Jun 1698 |
72 |
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|
Created Lord Cheyne [S] and Viscount |
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Newhaven [S] 17 May 1681 |
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MP for Amersham 1660,Great Marlow 1666- |
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1679,Harwich 1690-1695 and Newport 1690 and |
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1695-1698 |
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30 Jun 1698 |
|
2 |
William Cheyne |
14 Jul 1657 |
26 May 1728 |
70 |
to |
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|
MP for Amersham 1681-1687,1698-1699,1701, |
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26 May 1728 |
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|
1701-1702 and 1705-1707. Appleby 1689-1695 |
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Buckinghamshire 1696-1701 and 1702-1705 |
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Lord Lieutenant Buckinghamshire Jun-Dec 1702 |
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and 1712-1714 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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NEWHAVEN OF CARRICK MAYNE |
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26 Jul 1776 |
B[I] |
1 |
Sir William Mayne,1st baronet |
1722 |
28 May 1794 |
71 |
to |
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|
Created Baron Newhaven of Carrick |
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28 May 1794 |
|
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Mayne 26 Jul 1776 |
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MP for Canterbury 1774-1780 and Gatton |
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1780-1790 PC [I]
1766 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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NEWLANDS |
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19 Jan 1898 |
B |
1 |
Sir William Wallace Hozier,1st baronet |
24 Feb 1825 |
30 Jan 1906 |
80 |
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|
Created Baron Newlands 19 Jan 1898 |
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30 Jan 1906 |
|
2 |
James Henry Cecil Hozier |
4 Apr 1851 |
5 Sep 1929 |
78 |
to |
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|
MP for Lanarkshire South 1886-1906 |
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5 Sep 1929 |
|
|
Lord Lieutenant Lanarkshire 1915-1921 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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NEWLISTON |
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8 Apr 1703 |
B[S] |
1 |
John Dalrymple,2nd Viscount of Stair |
1648 |
8 Jan 1707 |
58 |
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|
Created Lord Newliston,Glenluce, |
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and Stranraer,Viscount Dalrymple and |
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Earl of Stair 8 Apr 1703 |
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See "Stair" |
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NEWLOVE |
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14 Jul 2010 |
B[L] |
1 |
Helen Newlove |
1965 |
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|
Created Baroness Newlove for life 14 Jul 2010 |
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NEWPORT |
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3 Aug 1628 |
E |
1 |
Mountjoy Blount |
c 1597 |
12 Feb 1666 |
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Created Lord Mountjoy of Mountjoy |
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Fort 31 Jan 1618,Lord Mountjoy of |
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Thurveston 5 Jun 1627 and Earl of |
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Newport 3 Aug 1628 |
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12 Feb 1666 |
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2 |
Mountjoy Blount |
c 1630 |
20 Mar 1675 |
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20 Mar 1675 |
|
3 |
Charles Blount |
10 Jan 1634 |
4 May 1675 |
41 |
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4 May 1675 |
|
4 |
Henry Blount |
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25 Sep 1679 |
|
to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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25 Sep 1679 |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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30 Nov 1815 |
V |
1 |
Orlando Bridgeman |
19 Mar 1762 |
7 Sep 1825 |
63 |
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|
Created Viscount Newport and Earl of |
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Bradford 30 Nov 1815 |
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See "Bradford" |
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NEWPORT OF BRADFORD |
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11 Mar 1675 |
V |
1 |
Francis Newport,2nd Baron Newport of |
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High Ercall |
23 Feb 1620 |
19 Sep 1708 |
88 |
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|
|
Created Viscount Newport of Bradford |
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11 Mar 1675 |
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He was
created Earl of Bradford (qv) in |
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1694 with which title this peerage then |
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merged until its extinction in 1762 |
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NEWPORT OF HIGH ERCALL |
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14 Oct 1642 |
B |
1 |
Richard Newport |
7 May 1587 |
8 Feb 1651 |
63 |
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|
Created Baron Newport of High Ercall |
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14 Oct 1642 |
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8 Feb 1651 |
|
2 |
Francis Newport |
23 Feb 1620 |
19 Sep 1708 |
88 |
11 Mar 1675 |
V |
1 |
Created Viscount Newport of Bradford |
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11 Mar 1675 (qv) |
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NEWPORT OF NEWPORT |
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29 Nov 1743 |
B[I] |
1 |
Robert Jocelyn |
c 1688 |
3 Dec 1756 |
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Created Baron
Newport 29 Nov 1743 |
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and Viscount Jocelyn 6 Dec 1755 |
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See "Jocelyn" |
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NEWRY AND MORNE |
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12 Jan 1822 |
V[I] |
1 |
Francis Needham,12th Viscount Kilmorey |
5 Apr 1748 |
21 Nov 1832 |
84 |
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|
Created Viscount Newry and Morne and |
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Earl of Kilmorey 12 Jan 1822 |
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See "Kilmorey" |
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NEWTON |
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27 Aug 1892 |
B |
1 |
William John Legh |
19 Dec 1828 |
15 Dec 1898 |
69 |
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Created Baron Newton 27 Aug 1892 |
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MP for Lancashire South 1859-1865 and |
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Cheshire East 1868-1885 |
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15 Dec 1898 |
|
2 |
Thomas Wodehouse Legh |
18 Mar 1857 |
21 Mar 1942 |
85 |
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|
MP for Newton 1886-1898. Paymaster |
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|
General 1915-1916.
PC 1915 |
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21 Mar 1942 |
|
3 |
Richard William Davenport Legh |
18 Nov 1888 |
11 Jun 1960 |
71 |
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11 Jun 1960 |
|
4 |
Peter Richard Legh |
6 Apr 1915 |
16 Jun 1992 |
77 |
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|
MP for Petersfield 1951-1960 |
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16 Jun 1992 |
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5 |
Richard Thomas Legh |
11 Jan 1950 |
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NEWTON OF BRAINTREE |
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31 Oct 1997 |
B[L] |
1 |
Antony Harold Newton |
29 Aug 1937 |
25 Mar 2012 |
74 |
to |
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|
Created Baron Newton of Braintree for life |
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25 Mar 2012 |
|
|
31 Oct 1997 |
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|
MP for Braintree 1974-1997. Minister of |
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State,Social Security 1984-1986. Minister |
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of State,Health 1986-1988. Chancellor of |
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the Duchy of
Lancaster 1988-1989. |
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Secretary of State for Social Security |
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1989-1992. Lord President of the Council |
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1992-1997. PC 1988 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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NEWTOWN |
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24 Apr 1718 |
B[I] |
1 |
Sir Richard Child (later Tylney) |
5 Feb 1680 |
Mar 1750 |
70 |
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Created Baron Newtown and Viscount |
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Castlemaine 24
Apr 1718 and Earl |
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Tylney of Castlemaine 11 Jun 1731 |
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See "Castlemaine" |
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NEWTOWN-BUTLER |
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21 Oct 1715 |
B[I] |
1 |
Theophilus Butler |
c 1669 |
11 Mar 1724 |
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Created Baron of Newtown-Butler |
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21 Oct 1715 |
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PC [I] by 1711 |
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11 Mar 1724 |
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2 |
Brinsley Butler |
1670 |
6 Mar 1735 |
65 |
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He was created Viscount Lanesborough (qv) |
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in 1728 with which title this peerage then |
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merged |
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NICHOLLS OF BIRKENHEAD |
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3 Oct 1994 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Donald James Nicholls |
25 Jan 1933 |
25 Sep 2019 |
86 |
to |
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Created Baron Nicholls of Birkenhead for life |
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25 Sep 2019 |
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3 Oct 1994 |
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Lord
Justice of Appeal 1986-1991. Lord of |
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Appeal in Ordinary 1994-2007 PC 1986 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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NICHOLSON |
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11 Jul 1912 |
B |
1 |
Sir William Gustavus Nicholson |
2 Mar 1845 |
13 Sep 1918 |
73 |
to |
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Created Baron Nicholson 11 Jul 1912 |
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13 Sep 1918 |
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Field Marshal 1911 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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NICHOLSON OF WINTERBOURNE |
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3 Nov 1997 |
B[L] |
1 |
Emma Harriet Nicholson |
16 Oct 1941 |
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Created Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne |
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for life 3 Nov 1997 |
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MP for Devon West & Torridge 1987-1997 |
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NICKSON |
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22 Mar 1994 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir David Wigley Nickson |
27 Nov 1929 |
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Created Baron Nickson for life 22 Mar 1994 |
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NICOL |
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20 Jan 1983 |
B[L] |
1 |
Olive Mary Wendy Nicol |
21 Mar 1923 |
15 Jan 2018 |
94 |
to |
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Created Baroness Nicol for life 20 Jan 1983 |
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15 Jan 2018 |
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Peerage extinct on her death |
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NIDDRY |
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17 May 1814 |
B |
1 |
John Hope,later [1816] 4th Earl of Hopetoun |
17 Aug 1765 |
27 Aug 1823 |
58 |
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Created Baron Niddry 17 May 1814 |
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See "Hopetoun" with which title this peerage |
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remains merged |
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NITH,TORTHORWALD AND ROSS |
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11 Feb 1682 |
V[S] |
1 |
William Douglas |
1637 |
28 Mar 1695 |
57 |
3 Nov 1684 |
V[S] |
1 |
Created Lord Douglas of Kinmont, |
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Viscount of Nith,Torthorwald and |
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Ross,Earl of Drumlanrig and Sanquhar |
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and Marquess of Queensberry |
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11 Feb 1682,and Lord Douglas of |
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Kinmont,Viscount
of Nith,Torthorwald |
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and Ross,Earl of Drumlanrig and |
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Sanquhar,Marquess of Dumfriesshire |
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and Duke of Queensberry 3 Nov 1684 |
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See "Queensberry" |
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NITHSDALE |
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20 Aug 1620 |
E[S] |
1 |
Robert Maxwell |
after 1586 |
May 1646 |
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Created Lord
Maxwell,Eskdale and |
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Carleill and Earl
of Nithsdale |
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20 Aug 1620 |
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May 1646 |
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2 |
Robert Maxwell |
1 Sep 1620 |
5 Oct 1667 |
47 |
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5 Oct 1667 |
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3 |
John Maxwell |
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1677 |
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1677 |
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4 |
Robert Maxwell |
Jan 1628 |
Mar 1696 |
68 |
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Mar 1696 |
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5 |
William Maxwell |
1676 |
20 Mar 1744 |
67 |
to |
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He was attainted and the peerage forfeited |
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Jan 1716 |
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For further information on this peer and his wife |
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see the note at the foot of this page. |
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NOAKES |
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7 Jun 2000 |
B[L] |
1 |
Dame Sheila Valerie Noakes |
23 Jun 1949 |
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Created Baroness Noakes for life 7 Jun 2000 |
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NOEL OF RIDLINGTON |
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23 Mar 1617 |
B |
1 |
Edward Noel,later [1629] 2nd Viscount Campden |
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10 Mar 1643 |
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Created Baron Noel of Ridlington |
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23 Mar 1617 |
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See "Campden" with which title this peerage |
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remains merged |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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16 Aug 1841 |
B |
1 |
Charles Noel Noel,3rd Baron Barham |
2 Oct 1781 |
10 Jun 1866 |
84 |
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Created Baron Noel of Ridlington, |
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Viscount Campden and Earl of |
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Gainsborough 16 Aug 1841 |
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See "Gainsborough" |
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NOEL OF TICHFIELD |
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3 Feb 1681 |
E |
1 |
Edward Noel,4th Viscount Campden |
27 Jan 1641 |
8 Apr 1689 |
48 |
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Created Baron
Noel of Tichfield |
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3 Feb 1681 and Earl of Gainsborough |
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1 Dec 1682 |
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See "Gainsborough" |
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NOEL-BAKER |
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22 Jul 1977 |
B[L] |
1 |
Philip John Noel-Baker |
1 Nov 1889 |
8 Oct 1982 |
92 |
to |
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Created Baron Noel-Baker for life 22 Jul 1977 |
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8 Oct 1982 |
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MP for Coventry 1929-1931, Derby 1936- |
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1950 and Derby South 1950-1970. Minister |
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of State 1945-1946. Secretary of State for |
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Air 1946-1947. Secretary of State for |
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Commonwealth Relations 1947-1950. |
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Minister
of Fuel and Power 1950-1951. |
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PC 1945 Nobel
Peace Prize 1959 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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NOEL-BUXTON |
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17 Jun 1930 |
B |
1 |
Noel Edward Noel-Buxton |
9 Jan 1869 |
12 Sep 1948 |
79 |
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Created Baron Noel-Buxton 17 Jun 1930 |
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MP for Whitby 1905-1906 and Norfolk |
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North 1910-1918 and 1922-1930. Minister |
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of Agriculture 1924 and 1929-1930. PC 1924 |
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12 Sep 1948 |
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2 |
Rufus Alexander Buxton |
15 Jan 1917 |
14 Jul 1980 |
63 |
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14 Jul 1980 |
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3 |
Martin Connal Noel-Buxton |
8 Dec 1940 |
1 Dec 2013 |
72 |
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1 Dec 2013 |
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4 |
Charles Connal Noel-Buxton |
17 Apr 1975 |
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NOLAN |
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11 Jan 1994 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Michael Patrick Nolan |
10 Sep 1928 |
22 Jan 2007 |
78 |
to |
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Created Baron Nolan for life 11 Jan 1994 |
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22 Jan 2007 |
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Lord Justice of Appeal 1991-1993. Lord of |
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Appeal in Ordinary 1994-1998 PC 1991 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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NONSUCH |
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3 Aug 1670 |
B |
1 |
Barbara Palmer |
1641 |
9 Oct 1709 |
68 |
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Created Baroness Nonsuch,Countess |
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of Southampton and Duchess of |
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Cleveland 3 Aug 1670 |
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See "Cleveland" |
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NOON |
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27 Jan 2011 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Gulam Kaderbhoy Noon |
24 Jan 1936 |
27 Oct 2015 |
79 |
to |
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Created Baron Noon for life 27 Jan 2011 |
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27 Oct 2015 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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NORBURY |
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23 Jun 1827 |
B[I] |
1 |
John Toler |
3 Dec 1745 |
27 Jul 1831 |
85 |
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E[I] |
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Created Baron Norbury 27 Dec 1800 |
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and Viscount Glandine and Earl of |
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Norbury 23 Jun 1827 |
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Solicitor General [I] 1789-1798. Attorney |
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General [I] 1798-1799. Chief Justice of the |
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Common Pleas [I] 1800-1827. PC [I] 1798 |
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For further information on this peer, see the |
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note at the foot of this page. |
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For details of the special remainder included in the |
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creation
of this peerages of 1827,see the note |
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at the foot of this page |
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On the death of the 1st Earl,the barony descended |
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to his eldest son,but the earldom descended to his |
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2nd son. |
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27 Jul 1831 |
B[I] |
2 |
Daniel Toler |
c 1780 |
30 Jan 1832 |
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He had previously succeeded to the barony of |
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Norwood (qv) in 1822 |
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27 Jul 1831 |
E[I] |
2 |
Hector John Graham-Toler |
27 Jun 1781 |
3 Jan 1839 |
57 |
30 Jan 1832 |
B[I] |
3 |
He succeeded to the barony of Norbury in 1832 |
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For further information on the death of this |
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peer,see the note at the foot of this page. |
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3 Jan 1839 |
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3 |
Hector John Graham-Toler |
17 Sep 1810 |
26 Dec 1873 |
63 |
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4 |
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26 Dec 1873 |
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4 |
William Brabazon Lindsay Graham-Toler |
2 Jul 1862 |
20 Apr 1943 |
80 |
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5 |
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20 Apr 1943 |
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5 |
Ronald Ian Montagu Graham-Toler |
11 Jan 1893 |
24 May 1955 |
62 |
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6 |
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25 May 1955 |
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6 |
Noel Terence Graham-Toler |
1 Jan 1939 |
11 Sep 2000 |
61 |
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7 |
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11 Sep 2000 |
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7 |
Richard James Graham-Toler |
5 Mar 1967 |
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8 |
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The Nairne peerage claim of 1873-1874 |
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The following report appeared in "The
Scotsman" of 8 July 1873:- |
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'This was a claim by the Dowager Marchioness of
Lansdowne to the dignity of Baroness Nairne, |
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in the peerage of Scotland. The claimant had
presented a petition to the Crown to be declared |
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entitled, and the petition was, according to
the usual course, referred to the Committee of |
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Privileges. In 1681 Charles II granted the
dignity of Lord Nairne to Sir Robert Nairne of that Ilk, |
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a Senator of the College of Justice during his
life, and thereafter to Lord Geo. Murray, youngest |
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son
of the Duke [sic - Marquess] of Atholl and Mrs. Margaret Nairne, only
daughter of Sir R. |
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Nairne, whom failing, to any other of the sons
of the said Marquis of Atholl whom she should |
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happen to marry, and to their heirs allenarly
[in a solitary manner] succeeding to the said Robert |
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Nairne's
lands and estates. Robert, the first Lord Nairne, sat in the Parliament of
Scotland in |
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1681, and died in 1683. Margaret Nairne was
second heir to her father. She did not marry Lord |
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George, but Lord William Murray, son of the
Marquis of Atholl, and he sat as Lord Nairne in the |
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Scottish Parliament. He was afterwards
attainted for treason in the rebellion of 1715, but his |
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sentence was respited, and he was allowed the
benefit of an Act for a general and free pardon. |
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He died in 1726. His wife, Margaret, Lady
Nairne, had in 1717 obtained an Act of Parliament to |
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enable a provision to be made for her and her
children out of the forfeited estate during her |
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husband's life. Her eldest son in due time also
was found guilty of treason, but was pardoned, |
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and obtained an Act in 1737 to remove all
disabilities as to inheritance. He was again attainted |
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for high treason in the rebellion of 1745, and
he retired to France and died in 1770. In 1824 a |
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statute was passed restoring his descendants to
the family dignities, and the then heir, William, |
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was the fifth Lord Nairne, and died at
Puddingstone in 1830. His only son died in 1838 [sic - he |
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died in December 1837] unmarried, and the whole
descendants of John, the eldest son of William, |
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the second Lord Nairne, became extinct. The
second son of the second Lord Nairne was |
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represented by Jean Mercer, who married in 1787
the Hon. George Keith Elphinstone, afterwards |
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created Baron Keith, in the peerage of Ireland,
and her only daughter, Margaret, was the last |
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representative of the barony of Keith, which
became extinct at her death. She had married in |
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1817the Compte de Flahault, and left only four
daughters, the eldest of whom is the Dowager |
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Marchioness of Lansdowne, the present claimant,
who claimed to be entitled, as heir of the |
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marriage of Margaret Lady Nairne and Lord
William Murray, afterwards second Lord Nairne. |
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'Mr Junner, in the temporary absence of his
leader, Mr J. Pearson, for the claimant, stated the |
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above
facts, and was about to call witnesses, when Lord cairns called attention to
the |
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destination, and asked if it was quite clear
that the words of the letters patent, "the heirs |
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between them," were to be construed in the
way suggested by the claimant? |
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'After the adjournment of the Committee for a
few minutes, Mr Pearson appeared, and said that |
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he
had not considered this objection, and was not prepared to argue the question
of |
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construction at present, and asked leave to
call at once one or two witnesses to prove formal |
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steps in the case, the point being reserved as
to title. Mr Lockhart Thomson, Lord Strathnairn, |
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and other witnesses, were then called and
examined as to documents produced, and as to the |
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deaths of parties in the pedigree. After the
formal evidence was given, Lord Redesdale said the |
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further hearing of the case would be adjourned sine die. Adjourned
accordingly.' |
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The House of Lords eventually decided on the
claim a little over a year later, as reported in "The |
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Scotsman" of 5 August 1874:- |
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'In this case the Dowager Marchioness of
Lansdowne claimed the dignity of Baroness Nairne, in |
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the peerage of Scotland. This peerage had been
conferred in 1681 on Sir Robert Nairne, during his |
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life, and after his decease on the heirs of the
marriage of the only daughter of Sir Robert; |
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thereafter on any other sons of the Marquis of
Athole whom his daughter should marry, and the |
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heirs between them, and failing the heirs male,
on the eldest daughter, &c. The Marchioness of |
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Lansdowne claimed as the heir female of Robert,
second son of the marriage referred to in the |
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charter, under the limitation to the eldest
daughter, &c. |
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'Mr. Pearson, Q.C., with him Mr. Junner, had
concluded his evidence, and now asked their |
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Lordships to decide the case after hearing the
Attorney-General. |
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'The Lord Advocate, for the Crown, said he had
examined the evidence in the case, and was |
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satisfied as to the descent of the dignity, and
in all matters of pedigree, except on one point. An |
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officer in the French service, one of the
persons in the pedigree, had died abroad, and there was |
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no proof of his dying unmarried. The question
might be whether their Lordships were satisfied on |
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that point. |
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'Mr Pearson called attention to the evidence
bearing on that point, and contended that the fair |
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result was that the person in question had died
unmarried. Lord Cairns said that there was a |
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question of some nicety involved in this claim
with regard to the construction of the destination |
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in the charter to heirs female. As regards the
pedigree, he had never entertained much doubt; |
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and as to the point suggested of the French
officer, considering the lapse of time and the other |
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details of evidence, he thought the fair result
was that the officer died without issue. The point |
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of
difficulty arose as to the construction. If the deed had been an English
deed, the matter |
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would have been clear. But this must be decided
on the Scotch law , and having regard to the |
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cases of Kinfanns and of Innes Ker, and the
institutional writers in the law of Scotland, he was |
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satisfied that the petitioner was entitled, and
had established her claim. He therefore moved |
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that the Committee should decide the
Marchioness of Lansdowne's claim to be made out. The |
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other Peers concurred. Claim established.' |
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Robert George Cornelis Napier, 1st Baron Napier
of Magdala |
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The following biography of Lord Napier of
Magdala appeared in the September 1957 issue of |
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the Australian monthly magazine "Parade":- |
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'A
wave of patriotic rejoicing swept the British Empire in the spring of 1868 at
the news that |
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Captain
Cameron, Her Majesty's Ambassador to the Court of Ethiopia, and his suite had
been |
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rescued
from their chains in a dungeon deep in the mountain fortress of Magdala. A
British force |
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had
battled over 400 miles of territory, once deemed impassable, in an operation
which many |
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said
"could not be done" to snatch the captives from barbaric King
Theodore who then blew out |
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his
brains. One name stood out from the rest. It was that of General Sir Robert
Napier, soon to |
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be
Field-Marshal Baron Napier of Magdala. |
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'Napier won the campaign as an engineer. He
drove a road through the "impassable" 400 miles of |
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hills to bring Theodore to bay. He is
remembered just as much for the great roads he built in the |
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Punjab and the North-west frontier area and for
the irrigation canals which meant so much to |
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India's economy. |
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'Robert
[George] Cornelis Napier was born at Colombo, Ceylon, on December 6, 1810, to
artillery |
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Major
Robert Napier, described as "just an average soldier." He entered
the Bengal Engineers from |
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Addiscombe College in 1826 and arrived in India
as subaltern two years later. At first he was |
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employed on irrigation and road building. At 28
he was given the job of laying out the new hill |
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hill station at Darjeeling. |
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'Napier was executive engineering officer at
the new station of Umballa, when the Sikh Army, |
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undisciplined since the death of their great
leader, Rangit Singh, Lion of the Punjab, crossed |
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the Sutlej in a major invasion of British
India. Napier commanded the engineers at the battle of |
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Mudki [18 December 1845], and led them in a
charge. His horse was shot from under him. At |
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Ferozeshah [21-22 December 1845] he was again
unhorsed, joined the 31st Regiment on foot, |
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and was severely wounded storming the
entrenched Sikh camp. He was in the saddle again |
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for the march on Lahore and the capitulation of
the Sikhs. |
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'He had hardly settled to his new job as
consulting engineer to the Punjab resident, when Dewan |
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Moolraj.
Governor of the Punjab province of Multan, murdered two British
commissioners, Mr. |
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[Patrick
Alexander] Vans Agnew and Lieut. [W.A.] Anderson [20 April 1848]. Britain
decided to |
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end
the Sikh menace once and for all. Napier, now a major, was called to the war
council of |
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General
[William Sampson] Whish [1787-1853]. Though an engineer accustomed to
long-term |
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sieges, he had the temerity to suggest that
Moolraj could be defeated in a lightning attack. |
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'The veteran generals shrugged the idea aside
and determined on a steady war of attrition. It |
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cost them at Chillianwalla alone 2400
casualties [13 January 1849]. At last Moolraj was forced |
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back into his fortress of Multan. Napier's
siege guns smashed breaches in what was known as the |
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Bloody Bastion. Napier himself was wounded in
an assault on the trenches before Multan. He was |
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present, however, when a mortar shell blew the
main enemy powder magazine sky high and when |
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the British stormed through the breaches to
capture the citadel [22 January 1849]. |
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'The close of the second Sikh war saw Napier
embarked on his greatest, lasting work. Britain |
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annexed the Punjab. Napier was given the job of
building roads to open up the great province. |
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Much of the great trunk road that forms the
setting of Kipling's historical novel, "Kim," was built |
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or strengthened by Napier. He forced his roads
through the hostile territory of the North-West |
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frontier. His road from the plains into the
hills of Murree is famous as one of the major engineering |
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feats of the day. |
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'Napier was a brigadier when, in 1857, the
whole of India erupted in the great mutiny fostered by |
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high
caste Hindu rulers who resented the suppression under British rule of their
age-old |
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prerogatives of tyranny and plunder. They
circulated rumours among the native sepoy soldiery |
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that the cartridge bullets issued for their new
Lee Enfield rifles were greased with pig's fat, which |
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was
unclean, or bullocks' fat, which was holy, both of which would cause them to
lose caste. |
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The
regiments rose in religious frenzy and slaughtered their white officers. The
infamous Nana |
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Sahib [1824-disappeared 1857] massacred every
white man, woman and child in Cawnpore. In |
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Lucknow,
the garrison of 1150 whites and 700 loyal sepoys held firm in the limited
residency area |
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against a
horde of rebels who held the rest of the town. |
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'Brigadier Napier was military secretary and
adjutant-general to the force of 2500 that advanced |
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under Sir James Outram [qv] and Major-General
Havelock in a hopeless bid to relieve the Lucknow |
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garrison.
They had to fight their way through a rebel force 60,000 strong to the
residency. They |
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could
not fight their way out. All they could hope for was to hold the besiegers
and wait |
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doggedly for relief. |
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'Napier directed the defence of Lucknow. With
his 3500 troops he pushed the rebels further from |
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the residency area and seized strategic
buildings. Six weeks later Sir Colin Campbell [later Baron |
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Clyde]
fought his way through with 4500 men. Napier was severely wounded in crossing
an open |
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space
with Outram and Havelock to greet Campbell. By means of a fake attack which
drew the |
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rebel force elsewhere, Campbell withdrew the
British garrison and civilians from Lucknow which |
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was left in
control of the rebels. |
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'Napier
planned the campaign that recaptured the vast city. His sappers and gunners
breached |
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the walls of scores of great buildings which
were then taken by storm. Only after 20 days of |
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murderous street fighting did the British take
the final stronghold and hoist their flag once more |
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over the town. Napier was immediately appointed
second-in-command to General Sir Hugh Rose, |
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who advanced from Bombay with 4000 men to crush
the rebellion still raging in central India. |
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'The main rebel was the young and beautiful
Rani [Lakshmibai] of Jhansi [1828-1858], the Joan |
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of Arc of India, described by the British as
"the best man on the side of the enemy." In a whirl- |
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wind campaign rarely equalled in India, Rose
soon had the Rani penned in her fortress of Jhansi, |
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where she dressed as a soldier and spurred her
followers to fanatical heroism. In mid-siege, the |
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rebel chieftain Tantia Topee [1814-1859], a
relative of Nana Sahib, monster of the Cawnpore |
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massacre, arrived at Jhansi with 20,000 rebels
to relive the Rani. |
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'With a recklessness that success alone
justified, Rose split his small force. While 2500 maintained |
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the siege, he attacked Tantia Topee's 20,000
with a contingent of 1500 infantry, cavalry and |
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artillery. The enemy fled in disorder, setting
fire to the jungle behind them to check pursuit. Two |
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days later [3 April 1858], Jhansi was carried
by assault in scenes of incredible carnage, ending |
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with the blowing up of the arsenals. The Rani
escaped and hurried to rejoin Tantia Topee. Rose |
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and Napier fought the final battle of the
mutiny at Gwalior [17/18 June 1858], where the Rani |
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was
killed by a British cavalryman who slashed her throat with his sabre in the
belief that she |
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was a man. Tantia Topee escaped with 12,000
men. Napier was given the task of smashing him. |
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With 700 white troops he brought the fugitive
to bay on the Plains of Jaora Alipur. He routed |
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the enemy forces, captured guns, ammunition and
baggage, but still could not seize the elusive |
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Tantia Topee himself. Finally he persuaded
another rebel, Man Singh [Raja of Narwar], to betray |
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him. Napier took Tantia Topee to Sipri
[Shivpuri], where he was tried by court-martial and hanged |
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[18 April 1859]. With his death, the Indian
Mutiny ended. |
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'For his services in the mutiny, Napier was
knighted. He was on active service again in 1859 when |
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China refused to ratify the treaties that
authorised trade with the west. Napier commanded the |
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second division of the expedition which stormed
the Peiho forts, fought its way into Peking, and, |
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because of the violation of a flag of truce,
set fire to the fabulous summer palace. As a result, |
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Kowloon promontory opposite the island of Hong
Kong was ceded to Britain. |
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'Back
in India, Napier was military member of the Council of the Governor-General.
For a short |
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time he acted as Governor-General on the death
of Lord Elgin. With his vast knowledge of road- |
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making and strategy, he was the obvious man to
lead the punitive expedition when Theodore, |
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barbaric King of Ethiopia, clamped Captain
[Charles Duncan] Cameron [d 1870], the British |
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ambassador [actually Consul] and his suite in
chains and immured them in his fortress of Magdala. |
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Theodore
had taken offence because Queen Victoria failed to reply to a letter from
him |
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suggesting that Britain and Ethiopia should
combine to throw the Turks out of North African ports. |
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'Napier was given carte blanche to draw men and
supplies from Britain and India. His extrav- |
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gance appalled the parsimonious Victorian
Government. He suffered under a barrage of defeatism. |
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Military experts stormed that the expedition
was doomed to failure. No force could fight its way |
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over 400 miles of waterless terrain ridged by
mountains 8000 feet high. They pointed out the |
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ferocious nature of Theodore and his army.
Boasting descent from the Queen of Sheba, Theodore |
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was a tyrant who delighted in soaking selected
prisoners in tar, setting them on fire, and rolling |
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them down a hillside to the horror of Europeans
who had been his guests. His warriors were |
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fanatical in attacking their enemies. |
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'Napier listened silently to his critics and
went steadily ahead with his plans. On January 7, 1868, |
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he
arrived at Annesley Bay, on the Red Sea, with 16,000 fighting men and 12,640
of the |
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transport service. It was Napier, the engineer,
who won the campaign. As he advanced, there |
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unwound behind him one of his famous roads. He
smashed the Ethiopian army at Aroghee [10 |
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April 1868] and finally penned Theodore in his
great mountain fortress of Magdala. By then Napier |
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had only 3500 fighting troops. The rest were
strung out along his great road to protect his |
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communications from raiding savages. |
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'Theodore wavered. He sent 1000 cattle and 500
sheep as a sign of friendship, but the gift was |
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bungled. He then threatened to murder his
captives. Napier pressed on grimly with his preparations |
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for
a siege. In desperation Theodore sent the pick of his army down the mountain
to smash |
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Napier's
comparatively small force. The British and Indian troops cut them to ribbons
with |
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machine-gun
and carbine fire. As the remnants fled, King Theodore put a pistol in his
mouth and |
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blew
out his brains [13 April 1868]. Napier rescued the prisoners, destroyed the
fortress, and |
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retired stolidly along his road to the coast.
The expedition that "couldn't be done" had taken just |
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three months. |
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'Though still grumbling at the cost, the
British Government made Napier a baron, with the title of |
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Napier of Magdala. On January 1, 1883, he was
promoted field-marshal. He died in London on |
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January 14, 1890.' |
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The special remainder to the Barony of Nelson
created in 1801 |
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From the "London Gazette" of 1 August
1801 (issue 15393, page 948):- |
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"The King has been pleased to grant the
Dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great |
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Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honorable
Horatio Viscount Nelson, Kinight of the Most Honorable |
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Order of the Bath, and Vice-Admiral of the Blue
Squadron of His Majesty's Fleet (Duke of Bronti |
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in Sicily, Knight of the Grand Cross of the
Order of St. Ferdinand and of Merit, and of the Imperial |
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Order of the Crescent,) and to the Heirs Male
of his Body, lawfully begotten, by the Name, Style, |
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and
Title of Baron Nelson, of the Nile, and of Hilborough, in the County of
Norfolk; with |
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Remainders to Edmund Nelson, Clerk, Rector of
Burnham Thorpe, in the said County of Norfolk, |
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Father
of the said Horatio Viscount Nelson, and the Heirs Male of his Body, lawfully
begotten; |
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and to the Heirs Male lawfully begotten, and to
be begotten, severally and successively of |
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Susanna the Wife of Thomas Bolton, Esq., and
Sister of the said Horatio Viscount Nelson; and |
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in Default of such Issue, to the Heirs Male of
Catherine the Wife of George Matcham, Esq., |
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another Sister of the said Horatio Viscount Nelson." |
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The special remainder to the Earldom of Nelson
created in 1805 |
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From the "London Gazette" of 5
November 1805 (issue 15859, page 1376):- |
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"His Majesty has been pleased to grant to
the Reverend William Nelson, D.D. now Lord Nelson, |
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Brother and Heir to the late Lord Viscount
Nelson, who, after a Series of transcendant and heroic |
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Services,
fell gloriously on the 21st of October last, in the Moment of brilliant and
decisive |
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Victory, the Dignity of a Viscount and Earl of
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, by |
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the Names, Styles, and Titles, of Viscount
Merton and Earl Nelson, of Trafalgar, and of Merton, |
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in the County of Surrey, the same to descend to
the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, |
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and in default thereof, to the Heirs Male
successively of Susanne, Wife of Thomas Bolton Esq; |
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and Catherine, Wife of George Matcham Esq;
Sisters of the late Lord Viscount Nelson." |
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Cyril Louis Norton Newall, 1st Baron Newall |
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Newall
was a recipient of the Albert Medal for Lifesaving, an award which has since
been |
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replaced by the George Cross, the highest
gallantry award for civilians. The citation for Newall's |
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Albert Medal was published in the London
Gazette on 19 May 1916 [issue 29588, page 4970] |
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and reads:- |
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"On
the 3rd of January, 1916, at about 3 p.m., a fire broke out inside a large
bomb store |
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belonging to the Royal Flying Corps, which
contained nearly 2,000 high explosive bombs, some |
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of which had very large charges, and a number
of incendiary bombs which were burning freely. |
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Major
Newall at once took all necessary precautions, and the, assisted by Air
Mechanic Simms, |
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poured water into the shed through a hole made
by the flames. He sent for the key of the |
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store, and with Corporal Hearne, Harwood and
Simms entered the building and succeeded in |
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putting out the flames. The wooden cases
containing the bombs were burnt, and some of them |
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were charred to a cinder." |
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Maria Stella Petronilla, 2nd wife of the 1st
Baron Newborough |
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Thomas Wynn, 1st Baron Newborough, married as
his first wife Lady Catherine Perceval, |
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daughter of the 2nd Earl of Egmont. She died in
June 1782. In October 1786, he again |
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married, this time to a 13-year-old girl named
Maria Stella Petronilla Chiappini, daughter of |
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an innkeeper and gaoler of Modligliana in Italy. |
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The following article appeared as the first
instalment of a series entitled "The Romance of |
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the Coronet" by W.W. Hutchings, which was
published in the New Zealand 'Star' during 1905. |
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As far as I can find, the series was never
published in book form. |
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'In, or just before, the year 1800, the English
colony at Florence included the aged Lord |
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Newborough,
who was elevated to the Irish peerage under this title some
four-and-twenty |
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years before, having until then been known
among men as Sir Thomas Wynn, Bart. In his |
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visit to the opera he was much struck with the
grace and beauty of a ballerina of tender |
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years,
Maria Stella Petronilla Chiappini by name. Making her acquaintance, he
became |
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desperately enamoured of her. He believed he
saw in her, besides rare charms of person, a |
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sweetness of nature and a goodness of heart not
always allied with beauty, and he was not |
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long in determining to make her his wife.
Accordingly, he led her to the altar, and soon |
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afterwards brought her home and introduced her
to the world as Lady Newborough. [The |
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inference is that they were married around
1800, but this actually occurred in 1786]. |
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'In spite of the disparity between them in
point of age, Lord and Lady Newborough lived |
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together very happily. With familiarity her
charms lost nothing of the spell which they had |
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cast over him, and she on her side set high
store upon the affection he bore her, and was |
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grateful to him for having raised her to a
station so far above her own. He also had the |
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immense gratification of knowing that at his
death his title and estates would devolve upon |
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his own son. The only son of his first wife,
the Lady Catherine Perceval, daughter of the Earl |
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of Egmont, had died without issue in 1800, and
it is easy to understand with what delight he |
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received from the second Lady Newborough the
gift of two sons [who would later become the |
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second and third barons], the elder born in
1802, the younger in the following year. |
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'When
Lord Newborough died, in 1807, his widow, for whom he had not failed to
make |
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adequate provision, went back to the sunny land
of her birth. One of her first concerns was to |
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visit her parents, who were of lowly station,
her father having been the gaoler of a small |
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country town, though now they were living in
something more than comfort. But she was |
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discouraged
by the frigid but respectful reception she got from them all except her
father; |
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and,
strangely enough, she found it almost impossible to have any intimate speech
with him, |
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owing
to interruptions from other members of the family, and especially from her
mother and |
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her eldest brother. At first puzzled, she
presently became irritated by the singular change that |
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had
come over them, and leaving them, she began a course of visits to different
parts of the |
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country. |
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'A few years afterwards her father, Chiappini,
was seized with mortal illness, and died soon |
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after she reached his side, leaving her with
the impression that he had something upon his |
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mind which he was unable to divulge. A little
later she received a packet in her late father's |
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hand-writing, penned just before he died, in
the fear that he would have no opportunity of |
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making
the communication by word of mouth; and at once, as by a flash, all that
had |
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perplexed and mortified her in the attitude
towards her of her relatives was made plain. "My |
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daughter you are not," it told her;
"and the denial of a relationship which your kindness has |
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made me love is the bitter portion of this
confession. But I make it, though it covers me with |
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shame, on account of the fraud of my early
life, that it may be beneficial to you……When Lord |
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Newborough married you, he was little aware
that you were of a rank equal, or perhaps |
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superior, to his own, and it was to me in some
measure a salve to my conscience when you |
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became a great English lady; for I had, even
then, begun deeply to repent of the evil injustice |
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towards you to which I was a party." |
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'The dying man then related how, at the time
his wife was about to make an addition to their |
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family, a great French nobleman brought his
wife, in the same condition, to the little town. The |
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stranger,
taking Chiappini into his confidence, told him that it was of the utmost
importance |
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that
he should have an heir, and bribed him to consent to an exchange of the
children should |
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his
own child be a girl and his (Chiappini's) a boy. The nobleman assured him
that the boy |
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would
be well provided for, and went so far as to say that he would fill one of the
highest |
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places in Europe. |
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'The contingency contemplated by the stranger
happened, and the exchange was effected. |
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The promises he had made were more than
fulfilled. "For the course of seven years," the |
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writer continued, "large sums of money
were remitted to me, with the strictest injunction as |
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to secrecy, and terrible threats were held out
to me in the event of my divulging the strange |
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story. I was enjoined, above all, to keep the
matter secret from you when you grew up. My |
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wife and my eldest son alone were admitted to a
full knowledge of the whole transaction. And |
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this will account for their anxiety to prevent
any intercourse between us, for they well knew |
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that I had long ago repented of the injury that
I had done you, and that I was anxious to |
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make whatever reparation to you was in my
power." After expressions of penitence, the letter |
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ended
by giving the name of the town where the children were born, and also the
name of |
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the nobleman to whom the place belonged, and of
his steward, both of whom were acquainted |
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with the name of the French nobleman who was
really Lady Newborough's father. |
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'Lady Newborough at once made her way thither,
and carefully concealing the object of her |
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inquiries, succeeded as the result of many
diplomatic conversations in ascertaining that the |
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French nobleman who had had communication with
the Chiappinis was the Comte de Joinville. |
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Then crossing the frontier into France she
journeyed to Joinville, and learned that the lord of |
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this place, and the holder of the title, was
none other than the Duke of Orleans. |
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'Pursuing her investigations further, she
presently arrived in Paris, where Louis the
Eighteenth |
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was seated on the throne. [Louis XVIII was King
of France 1814-1824]. She now determined |
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upon a ruse. Putting up at one of the first
hotels in the capital she had an advertisement |
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inserted in the chief newspapers. "If the
heir of the Comte de Joinville," it ran, "who travelled |
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and resided in Italy in the year 1773 will call
at the Hotel de ---, rue ---, he will hear of |
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something greatly to his advantage." |
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'The bait was speedily taken. An aged
ecclesiastic called and at once announced himself to be |
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the Abbe So-and-so, the agent of that Duke of
Orleans who was presently to come to throne |
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as Louis Philippe. "But how is his
Highness interested in the advertisement?" asked the lady. |
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"Because his father, the late Duke,"
was the reply, "was also Comte de Joinville and used to |
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travel under that title. Moreover he was
travelling in Italy in the year 1773, before the birth |
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of the present Duke." Then the Abbe inquired, "Is it a large
bequest that his Highness is about |
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to receive?" And thus was explained the
facility with which Louis Philippe had fallen into the |
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trap. Lady Newborough gently undeceived him:
there was no question, she said, of a bequest |
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or an inheritance, she was merely making
inquiries concerning a birth connected with the late |
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Duke's
journey into Italy. The Abbe now saw the great blunder he had made, and
with |
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exaggerated expressions of politeness hastened
to withdraw. |
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'In Lady Newborough's mind no doubt was now
left that she was the eldest child of the late |
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Duke of Orleans, and that the present Duke, the
future King of France, was a humbly-born |
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changeling. All the late Duke's children born
after that Italian journey were by this time dead. |
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She, therefore, in her own conviction, was not
merely the heiress of the immense wealth now |
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enjoyed by the Duke of Orleans, but, next to
the Duchess d'Angouleme, was the first of the |
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French princesses of the blood. |
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'That great authority on the peerage, Sir
Bernard Burke, who tells this strange story at |
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considerable length in his "Family
Romance," is careful not to commit himself to an endorsement |
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of the claims which Lady Newborough lost no
opportunity of making, both in private and by |
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means of a little volume which presented her
case to the public. ["The Memoirs of Maria Stella |
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Lady
Newborough" originally published in French. An English translation was
published by |
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Eveleigh Nash, London, 1914]. The weak link in
the chain has no doubt already been perceived |
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by my readers - that a recently married and
youthful couple such as the Duke of Orleans and |
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his wife were when they travelled in Italy
should so completely have abandoned the hope of |
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having a son born to them as to be ready to
make the son of an Italian turnkey their heir! It |
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must, however, be said that there may have been
some reason connected with politics or with |
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family
affairs which made it imperative, or at any rate most desirable, that the
Duke should |
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have an heir in the year 1773. It is certainly
curious that Louis Philippe should have had in him |
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so much of the bourgeois and so little of the
king. Accept Lady Newborough's theory, and that |
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circumstance is fully explained. |
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'Two
statements which appear in the volume written by Lady Newborough in support
of her |
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claim may be repeated here, for what they are
worth. One is that when Louis Philippe was |
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baptised his weight was that of a child six
months old, which would have been about his age |
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had he been born in Italy during the tour and
secretly conveyed to Paris. The other statement |
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is that when Lady Newborough's son was standing
before a picture of Louis Philippe the boy, |
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struck with the resemblance to old Chiappini,
exclaimed, "O mamma, here is a picture of grand |
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papa!" |
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'To sum up, it would be improper to say more
than that Lady Newborough's claim deserved the |
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careful investigation which it never received.
Three years after her first husband's death she |
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had married the Baron von Ungarn-Sternberg,
with whom, however, she was not happy, and |
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who lent her no aid in the prosecution of her
claim. In her choice of advisers she was not |
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fortunate, and it is melancholy to have to wind
up our story of this romance within a romance |
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by recording that she dissipated her fortune
without advancing the cause to which, from the |
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moment
that she became convinced of her royal birth until the hour of her death, all
her |
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energies were devoted.' |
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For
further reading on this subject, I recommend "The Mystery of Maria
Stella, Lady |
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Newborough" by Sir Ralph Payne-Gallwey,
3rd baronet, published by Edward Arnold, London, |
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1907. |
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Robert Charles Michael Vaughan Wynn, 7th Baron
Newborough |
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When the 7th Baron Newborough died in 1998, he
left instructions that he was to be |
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cremated and his ashes blown from a cannon
which he kept at the family home in Wales. |
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Lord Newborough was obviously very fond of his
cannon, notwithstanding that it had caused |
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him to appear in court some years earlier. The
following article appeared in 'The Times' on |
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16 January 1976:- |
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"After
an all-day hearing yesterday, Caernarfon magistrates found Lord Newborough,
aged |
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58, who had escaped from Colditz, guilty of
criminal damage to a yacht by firing a cannon |
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from his home, Belan Fort on the Menai Straits,
on August 24. Damage to the yacht was |
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estimated at £150. |
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"He was fined £25 and ordered to pay
£79.25 in costs and compensation. |
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"Mr. Richard Ellis Davies, for the
prosecution, told the court: 'It is not suggested that there |
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was a deliberate intention to cause damage or
to destroy property but Lord Newborough was |
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reckless in firing the cannon.' |
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"The yachtsman involved, Mr. John Raymond
Williams, a chartered accountant, of Glanymor |
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Road, Penrhyn Bay, told the court that he was
sailing his yacht on the Menai Straits near the |
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fort. The spinnaker sail was up and he noticed
some people on the battlements of the fort. He |
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added: 'There was a loud explosion and a cloud
of smoke. Later, when I had pulled the sail |
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down, I noticed there were five holes at the top.' |
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"Mr. Geoffrey William Higson, a chemist,
of Vicarage Field, Ruabon, Clwyd, said he had been on |
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the
beach with his family at Abermenai on the Anglesey side of the strait. 'We
were walking |
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along
the beach when there came a very loud bang and we heard the noise of a
missile. |
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Something
struck the ground some 12ft or 15ft ahead of us, scattering the pebbles. I
was |
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scared and reported the matter to the police.' |
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"Mr.
Hugh Jones, of Wexham Street, Beaumaris, who was also on the beach, said he
heard a |
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loud bang and later found a cannonball. 'I
picked it up but it was hot There were quite a lot of |
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people on the beach.' |
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"Lord
Newborough, a land-owner, denied in evidence that he told the police that he
himself |
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had
fired the cannon. He had been given instructions on how to fire them 15 years
ago and |
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they
were fired only on special occasions such as the new year, an investiture or
birthdays |
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of note. |
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"On
August 24, he continued, there were guests at the fort, a party of young
people and a |
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party
of old. 'There was a birthday of some note on that day. Part of the amusement
was to |
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load the cannon so they could see how it is
done. I had no intention of putting a cannonball in |
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with the string balls, and in fact I did not.' |
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"Asked by Mr. Martin Thomas, for the
defence, if it would be easy to load a ball into the |
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cannon,
Lord Newborough replied: 'All one would have to do is to pick one up, go to
the |
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muzzle
and roll it down the barrel. I have never fired the cannon without making
sure |
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everything was clear.' " |
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The pretenders to the Earldom of Newburgh and
its estates |
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Between 1827 and 1852 the Earldom of Newburgh
was wrongly assumed by members of the Eyre |
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family,
following which, between 1873 and 1904 the right to the Earldom of Newburgh
and the |
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estate at Hassop Hall, Derbyshire, were
contested by at least two other claimants, both of whom |
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seemed to rely on their descent from the Eyre
family to support their claims. The first claimant's |
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story was outlined in the "Derbyshire
Daily Telegraph" on 12 August 1904:- |
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'The
story of the death of an earl's son in a common lodging-house in
Blackfriars-road, London, |
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was told at the inquest on Thursday on the Hon.
Arthur Francis Colclough. |
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'His
sister said she last saw him alive in September in Manchester. He was not
then in robust |
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health. The Coroner: Is it a fact that he was
the son of an earl? Witness: Yes, his father was |
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the ninth Earl of Newburgh. |
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'The
deputy at the lodging house said deceased had not been ill, excepting through
drink. He |
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had been drinking heavily during the last week;
in fact, he was drunk every day. He used to go |
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out every morning about four o'clock awaiting
the opening of the public-house. The Coroner: Did |
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you know where he got the money from? - No. |
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'Deceased
went to bed as usual on Sunday night, and the following morning was
discovered dead |
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in bed. The cause of death was syncope from
pneumonia, accelerated by alcoholic excesses. |
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'The
above claim is not supported by the authorities. The existing Earl of
Newburgh is the 8th, |
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and not the 9th. |
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'A
contemporary states that it is the opinion of the Heralds' College that the
deceased probably |
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traced his descent in some way through the
Eyres, who, during the absence of the rightful heirs |
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on the Continent, long continued to claim the
Newburgh earldom. When the second earl died his |
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honours
were inherited by his daughter, who was twice married. Her second husband was
that |
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Earl of Derwentwater who was executed on Tower
Hill foe the Jacobite rising of 1745. The |
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Countess
of Derwentwater's sons succeeded to the Earldom of Newburgh, and when the
male line |
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became extinct, the rightful heir was the
daughter of the countess's only daughter by her first |
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marriage. This lady had married Prince Benedict
Giustiniani of the Roman States, from whom the |
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present earl is descended. But the countess's
younger daughter, by her second marriage, had |
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married
Francis Eyre, of Wirksworth, a member of an old Catholic Derbyshire family.
Her son, |
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Francis Eyre, of Hassop, on the failure of the
male line, erroneously assumed the title of Earl of |
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Newburgh. This was in 1814. The rightful heir,
Prince Vincent Giustiniani, who was living in Italy, |
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|
took no steps to claim the Scottish earldom,
and the son and grandson of Francis Eyre continued |
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to call themselves Earls of Newburgh, although
they took no proceedings to establish it. In 1858 |
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the next of the Italian line came forward, and
did establish her claim, and the present peer is an |
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earl of Scotland, a marquis, and a prince of
the Papal States, and a duke and count of Naples. |
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He has been naturalised by Act of Parliament,
for he was legally a foreigner. Since the success- |
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ion has been settled the claim of the Eyre
family has withered away, and it is probable that the |
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dead man is descended from one of its members.' |
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In 1873 another claimant, John Gladwin
Colclough, attempted to seize the estate by forcing an |
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entry
to the Hall, as referred to in the [edited] report in the "Sheffield and
Rotherham |
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|
Independent" of 14 June 1884:- |
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'Another
claimant to the Hassop Hall estates has arisen in the person of Mr Gladwin
Cloves Cave. |
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The hall, an historic residence, was originally
the property of the Eyres. In August 1873, a case |
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that excited great interest was heard before
the Bakewell [a small town and parish in the Derby- |
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|
shire Dales] magistrates, and it arose out of a
claim by Mr. John Gladwin Colclough to the Hassop |
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estates. The same claimant was before the
Bakewell bench on March 6, 1874, charged with |
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trespass and forcible entry. The defendant,
with several others to aid him, had tried [without |
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success] for several days to get forcible
possession of the estates…….' |
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The
claimant Cave was nothing if not persistent. His claims were quashed in the
High Court in |
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April
1887, when Mr. Justice Kekewich said of him "The case must fail. Mr.
Cave is a man of |
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education…………..the manner in which he has
conducted the case is such as shows he has |
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purposely neglected some lines of examination,
and followed others on matters almost altogether |
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irrelevant………I therefore grant a injunction to
restrain trespass." For further information, see the |
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note beneath. |
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Cave
re-emerged in 1904, resulting in the following [edited] report which appeared
in the |
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|
"Sheffield Daily Telegraph" of 14 November
1904:- |
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'To
give the pith of a long story, we may state that the present owner of Hassop
Hall and estate |
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|
is Mr. Charles Stephen Leslie, of Balquhain,
Aberdeenshire, and Slindon House, Sussex, only son |
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of
the late Colonel Charles Leslie by his first wife. Mr. C.S. Leslie inherited
Hassop from |
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his father, Colonel Leslie, and Colonel Leslie
(who died in 1870) came into possession of the |
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Hassop estate on the death of his second wife
Dorothy, née Eyre in 1853. This Dorothy Leslie |
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called
herself, or was called, Countess of Newburgh, just as her two brothers ,
Francis and |
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Thomas, who preceded her in the ownership of
Hassop Hall and estate, called themselves Earls |
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of Newburgh. She succeeded Francis, who died in
1852, not by will, but as sole heir-at-law. |
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'Mr.
Cave's story is that Dorothy Eyre ought not to have succeeded to the property
in 1852, on |
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the death of her brother Francis, since her
brother Thomas had made a settlement in 1828, |
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not in her favour, but in favour of the
children of his aunts on his mother's side. No evidence of |
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any value has ever been produced in support of
this story, At the trial in 1887, which in form was |
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an
action by Colonel Leslie's trustees to restrain Mr. Cave from trespass, but
which was in fact a |
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|
trial of Mr. Cave's claim, the only witness for
Mr. Cave's story was a Baslow shoemaker, who said |
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|
that 38 years before, i.e. in 1849, when he was
a boy, he remembered being taken into Hassop |
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|
Hall, and into Francis Eyre's bedroom, where
two documents were drawn forth from behind a |
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sliding panel of the wainscot, one of which was
labelled as being a "Deed of Settlement in favour |
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of Aunty Elizabeth Gladwin, granted by Thomas
Earl of Newburgh," and the second endorsed as |
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"Deed of Settlement in favour of Elizabeth
Gladwin, granted by Francis Earl of Newburgh. The |
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witness said he did not see what was inside the
"deeds," but they were dated about 1828. In |
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1828 Francis Eyre was not even self-styled Earl
of Newburgh, and was not in possession of the |
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|
Hassop Hall estate, to which he only succeeded
in 1833. Of course, the evidence did not impress |
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|
the Court. Mr. Justice Kekewich said,
"From the extraordinary nature of this evidence, and the |
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manner in which the witness has answered some
test questions, I cannot give any weight to it, |
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and therefore the case (of Mr. Cave) must fail." |
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'As
to the Earldom story, we have only to state that it stands entirely apart
from the question |
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of the rightful ownership of the Hassop Hall
estate. It is only an accident of the case, as it were, |
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that the Eyre family, the immemorial owners of
that estate, should have set up a claim to the |
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Scotch earldom of Newburgh. Mr. Cave could not
recover that from the Leslies, for they have not |
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|
got it. The assumption of the title by Thomas
Eyre and Francis Eyre between 1827 and 1852 was |
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entirely
unwarranted. The Eyre family had some connection with the family which
possessed the |
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earldom. When, in 1814, the fifth earl, Anthony
James, died without issue, he was succeeded by |
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an Italian relative, Vincent, Prince
Giustiniani of the Roman States, who was grandson of a former |
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Countess of Newburgh. This earl, the sixth
since the creation of the peerage in 1660, never took |
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|
proceedings to establish his claim. He died in
1826, and was succeeded by his only daughter, who |
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likewise
never claimed the peerage for many years. It was during this period
(1826-1852), that |
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the Eyres assumed the title, but without any
foundation, for in 1857 Maria Bandini Giustiniani was |
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naturalised in Great Britain, and her claim to
the peerage, as Countess of Newburgh in her own |
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right, was allowed in 1858. She died in 1877,
and was succeeded by her son as eighth earl. |
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'All
the facts of the above article are ascertainable without trouble from public
sources by any |
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person anxious to test Mr. Cave's story of a
claim to the Hassop Hall estates and "a Derbyshire |
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earldom." |
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Charles Giustiniani-Bandini, 9th Earl of
Newburgh |
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The following report appeared in the Adelaide
'Register' of 22 August 1923:- |
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'Prince and Princess Giustiniani-Bandini, who
are the Earl and Countess of Newburgh in the |
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Scottish Peerage, were attacked and robbed in
their mansion in the centre of Rome, on the night |
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of July 6, the burglars first chloroforming
them and then ransacking the Prince's safe of valuables |
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and cash worth 2,000,000 lire (£18,500 at
present exchange). |
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'The Prince - who is head of an ancient house
well-known in Italian history for its soldiers and |
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statesmen - and the Princess were asleep when
both were awakened by pressure on their nostrils |
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of
cotton-wool buds soaked with chloroform held by two men, barefooted and
wearing black |
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masks. |
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'The Prince and Princess cried out and
struggled, when the masks fell from their assailants' faces, |
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revealing them, it is alleged, as the Prince's
Brazilian valet and his chauffeur. |
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'The Prince and his wife, who are 61 and 55
respectively, continued to struggle. The Prince, who |
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is still vigorous, was overpowered only when
his wife had succumbed to the anaesthetic. Both |
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the assailants were then free to deal with him. |
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'When he recovered his senses he found that all
the doors of the room had been locked and the |
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electric
light, bell, and telephone wires cut. He managed to wake some of the
servants, who |
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broke in the door. A rapid survey of the house
revealed that the thieves had taken the keys of |
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the Prince's safe, whence they had removed
several of the family heirlooms and other jewellery. |
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'Among their loot was a diamond and ruby diadem
which the family received as a gift from Queen |
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Hortense, Napoleon Bonaparte's step-daughter
[wife of Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland 1806- |
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1810 and mother of Napoleon III, Emperor of
France 1852-1870], and also the famous Giustiniani- |
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Bandini necklace of pearls. |
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'In the fight with the two men the Prince
sustained a fractured left arm, and other injuries.' |
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The special remainder to the Dukedom of
Newcastle under Lyne created in 1756 |
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From the "London Gazette" of 9
November 1756 (issue 9634, page 2):- |
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'The King has been pleased to grant unto his
Grace Thomas Holles, Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne, |
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the Dignity of a Duke of the Kingdom of Great
Britain, by the Name, Stilke, and Title of Duke of |
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Newcastle
under Lyne, in the County of Stafford; to hold and enjoy the said Dignity, to
him, |
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and his Heirs Male, and in Default of such
Issue, to the Right Honourable Henry Earl of Lincoln, |
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and his Heirs Male, by Catherine his present wife.' |
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William Maxwell, 5th Earl of Nithsdale |
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Nithsdale certainly chose wisely when he
married Winifred Herbert, daughter of the first |
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Marquess of Powis, in 1699 since she was
responsible for saving his life. |
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The Earl was a strong supporter of the Stuart
cause. In 1715, he accompanied the Earl of |
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Derwentwater at the head of a force ordered to
march on London from the north of England, |
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but
they were forced to barricade themselves in at Preston and finally had to
surrender. |
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Nithsdale and Derwentwater were tried for high
treason in London and condemned to death. |
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When the news of her husband's impending
execution reached Winifred at their home at |
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Terregles in Peeblesshire, she immediately set
off for London, accompanied only by her |
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maid, Evans. She rode to Newcastle on
horseback, proceeded to York by stage coach and |
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completed the journey, again on horseback,
through snowbound roads. In London, she found |
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lodging with a Mrs Mills of Drury Lane while
she explored the possibilities of rescuing her |
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husband, and at once began to importune
officials, members of the Commons and Lords and |
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other influential people to secure a reprieve
for her condemned husband. Eventually, she |
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presented a petition to King George I himself.
In order to do so, she lay in wait for him and, |
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when he appeared, she stepped forward from her
hiding place and threw herself at his feet, |
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at the same time thrusting the petition into
his hands. George, who scarcely spoke a word |
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of English, much less being able to read
English, threw the petition on the floor and continued |
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on, and for a few yards he dragged Winifred
along the carpet on her chest as she clutched him |
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around the knees before he was able to wrestle
himself free. |
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In February 1716, the matter was raised in the
House of Commons where Sir Richard Steele |
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made such a passionate speech on Winifred's
behalf that Walpole, the leader of the Whigs, |
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became so concerned at the wave of sympathy
that swept through the House that he gagged |
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the debate by moving a week's adjournment,
knowing that Nithsdale was due to be executed |
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two
days later. The reaction of the House of Lords was even more in her favour.
Her petition |
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was read and the Lords decided to recommend
that mercy be extended to all of the Jacobite |
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leaders. The result was that George reprieved
three of the prisoners - the Earl of Carnwath |
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and the Lords Nairne and Widdrington - but he
reaffirmed the death sentences on the Earls |
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of Derwentwater and Nithsdale and on Viscount
Kenmure. |
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Having
thus exhausted all avenues by which she might hope to gain a reprieve,
Winifred |
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to attempt the rescue of her husband from the
Tower. It was a seemingly hopeless project, |
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but
she had the help of her landlady, Mrs Mills, her maid, Evans and her friend
Mrs Morgan. |
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In the week before the due date of the
execution, Winifred had been allowed to visit her |
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husband without hindrance and in the course of
such visits she had won the sympathy of |
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many of the gaolers. On the evening of the day
preceding the allotted time of the execution |
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all four
ladies visited the Tower. |
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The
prisoner was only allowed two visitors at a time and the Countess took Mrs
Morgan in |
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first,
with a cloak of Mrs Mills', a wig and cosmetics with which to disguise the
Earl as a |
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woman. That done, the Countess accompanied Mrs
Morgan out and Mrs Mills in, talking |
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excitedly all the time and drawing the guard's
attention to Mrs Mills, who was pregnant at |
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the time and, as a consequence, was of much the
same build as the Earl. She then escorted |
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Mrs Mills out of the Tower again and returned
to her husband alone. |
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After allowing a suitable time to allow the
guards to rotate, she bravely escorted her husband |
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out
dressed as Mrs Mills with his face buried in a handkerchief as though
silently weeping. |
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Once
outside, the loyal Evans took the Earl to his hiding place. The Countess now
returned |
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once again to the now empty cell, where she
kept up a pretended conversation with her |
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husband
in a loud voice so that the guards might hear her. When she judged that
sufficient |
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time
had passed to see the Earl safe in his hiding place, she left the cell,
slammed the door |
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and pushed the cord that worked the latch
through a hole to the inside, so that the guards |
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would
have to break down the door to gain access to the cell and find it empty. She
then |
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calmly made her way out of the Tower and
returned to her lodgings. |
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After hiding in the Venetian Embassy, the Earl
made his way to Dover, secured passage in a |
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boat and reached the safety of France. The
Countess elected to stay behind in order to |
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secure
the family estates - if she had fled, there is little doubt that the estates
would have |
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been forfeited. Accompanied again by Evans, she
rode all the way back to Terregles where she |
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dug up certain documents and valuables which
she had buried before travelling to London in |
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the first place. Having recovered these items,
she returned to London, where she discovered |
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that a warrant had been issued for her arrest.
After remaining in hiding for a fortnight, she was |
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smuggled across to France where she rejoined
her husband and their two children whom she |
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had already sent to France from Scotland. |
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After living for a period at Avignon, the
family moved to Rome where the Earl died in 1744, |
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followed by his devoted wife in 1749. On her
death her remains were brought back to England |
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and buried at Arundel. |
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The special remainder to the Viscountcy of
Glandawe and the Earldom of Norbury created |
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in 1827 |
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From the "London Gazette" of 13 July
1827 (issue 18378, page 1511):- |
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"By letters patent under the Great Seal of
Ireland, His Majesty has been pleased to grant to John |
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Baron
Norbury, the dignities of Viscount and Earl of this part of His Majesty's
United Kingdom |
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|
called Ireland, by the names, styles, and
titles of Viscount Glandine, of Glandine, in the King's |
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|
county, and Earl of Norbury, in the county of
Tipperary, with remainder to Hector John Graham |
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Toler, and the heirs male of his body lawfully
begotten." |
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Hector
John Graham Toler was the Earl's second son, the eldest son being passed over
because |
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he was "of unsound mind." |
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John Toler, 1st Earl of Norbury |
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Norbury,
who was described as being Ireland's answer to Judge Jeffreys, was known
as |
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'Puffendorf' from his habit of inflating his
cheeks while speaking. A contemporary commented |
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|
that he was 'fat, with small grey cunning eyes,
which sparkled with good humour, especially |
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|
when he has passing sentence of death.' |
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He came from a poor family in Tipperary and, in
later life, boasted that he had started his |
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legal career with £50 and a pair of
hair-trigger duelling pistols. Although he knew little of the |
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law, he 'breathed such a turbulent spirit of
domination' that in 1789 he was appointed |
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Solicitor General for Ireland, and Attorney
General for Ireland in 1798. Notwithstanding the |
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protests of the Earl of Clare, Lord Chancellor
of Ireland, he was in 1800 appointed as Chief |
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Justice of the Common Pleas. |
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He presided over this Court in a less than
professional manner. He would waddle into court |
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and place a few of his friends beside him on
the bench. One of his regular companions in the |
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court was a madman named Toby McCormick, who
attended under the delusion that he and |
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Norbury had exchanged identities. As soon as
the charges were read out, McCormick would |
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shout 'Find for the plaintiff!' When it came
time for sentencing, Norbury often made long |
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rambling speeches; a typical speech was
described as 'a wild harangue in which neither the |
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law, method or argument could be discovered. It
generally consisted of narratives connected |
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with the history of his early life.' Once, when
the distinguished advocate John Philpot Curran |
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rose to speak on behalf of a client, a donkey
brayed outside the courthouse window. 'One at |
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a time, please, Mr Curran', Norbury told him. |
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Norbury's only known act of clemency was to
free a murderer whose guilt was obvious. When |
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the judge recommended to the jury that the
prisoner be acquitted, the crown prosecutor |
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reminded the judge that the evidence left no
doubt as to the prisoner's guilt, and Norbury, |
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visibly annoyed said 'I realise that, but I
hanged six innocent men at the Tipperary Assizes |
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so, to square matters, I'll let this fellow off.' |
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Once, when dining in company with John Philpot
Curran, who was carving some beef, Norbury |
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inquired, 'Is that beef hung, Mr Curran?', to
which Curran replied, 'Not yet My Lord, you have |
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not tried it.' |
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As he grew older, Norbury's reputation began to
suffer as a result of his growing tendency to |
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fall asleep in court. On one occasion, Norbury
was trying a prisoner for horse-stealing, then |
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a capital offence, when he fell fast asleep. On
awakening, he proceeded to pass sentence of |
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death, but was interrupted by the prisoner who
pointed out that the jury had acquitted him |
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while Norbury had been asleep. As a result of
such incidents, various attempts were made to |
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remove
him from the bench, including a petition made by Daniel O'Connell in 1825,
which |
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pointed out that Norbury had slept throughout
an important murder trial. These attempts |
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proved to be unsuccessful and Norbury
eventually retired in 1827, when he was rewarded |
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with an earldom. At his funeral, while the
coffin was being lowered by ropes into the grave, |
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a
voice was heard from the crowd, 'Give him plenty of rope, boys. He was never
sparing of |
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it to others.' |
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Hector John Graham-Toler, 2nd Earl of Norbury |
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The
2nd Earl of Norbury was assassinated in January 1839. The following [edited]
account of |
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his murder appeared in "The Times" of
10 January 1839:- |
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'At
an inquisition taken at Durrow Abbey, in the King's County, on the 4th day of
January, |
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1839,
on the body of the Right Hon. Hector John, Earl of Norbury, then and there
lying dead, |
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………..the following is the verdict returned on
the said inquest: - "That the jury do…..say and |
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present,
that on the 1st day of January, 1839, the said Right Hon. Hector John, Earl
of |
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Norbury, was feloniously killed and murdered at
Durrow by some person to the jurors unknown |
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firing a certain pistol or gun loaded with
powder and leaden balls against the body of the Earl, |
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and thereby inflicting certain wounds in and
upon the breast and lungs of the Earl, of which |
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wounds the Earl languished from the 1st January
until the 3rd of January, 1839, when the Earl |
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died at Durrow of the wounds….." |
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'The following is the evidence taken by the Coroner:- |
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'Adam Saunderson, the steward, examined - I
reside in Durrow Abbey, and fill the position of |
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land steward and manager to the late Lord
Norbury. I came into his employment in February, |
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1838. I was with his Lordship on the 1st of
January, the day on which he was murdered…… |
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I came with his Lordship from the
Tullamore-lodge to the church by the usual road….we then |
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turned up by the plantation on the left-hand
side, to mark some trees for cutting. It was then |
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between 3 and 4 o'clock. We proceeded about
half a mile through the plantation, and then |
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turned round and were coming back the same way,
until we came to the spot where the shot |
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was fired. I was then about nine feet behind
his Lordship, who was at the moment giving |
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directions about the trees which were to be cut
down first. I was with my back to the hedge, |
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looking at the trees, about which his Lordship
was giving the directions, when I heard a shot, |
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and upon turning round, I saw his Lordship's
left side was to the hedge, and upon my turning |
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round, his Lordship said, "Saunderson, I'm
shot." I looked towards the place where the shot |
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was
fired, and saw a man's head and shoulders through the hedge, and he running
along the |
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gripe up towards the north part of the
plantation. I ran about 20 yards after the man and was |
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about
to break through the hedge out of the plantation, when his Lordship called me
twice or |
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three times. I looked back and saw him
staggering. I ran towards him, and caught him in my |
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arms and prevented him from falling….. |
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Saunderson's evidence goes on to relate how he
attempted to carry the Earl to the Abbey but |
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was unable to do so, how he sought help and the
eventual transfer of the wounded Earl to his |
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house, where the Earl lingered until he died
two days later. |
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Burke's
Peerage, under the entry for the 2nd Earl, states that "he was shot dead
by his |
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butler," but I have been unable to
discover any further information which supports such a |
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statement.
In the five years following the Earl's death, contemporary newspapers report
a |
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number
of separate arrests and trials, but nothing ever came of them. As late as
1858, |
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newspaper reports continue to refer to the
Earl's murder as being unsolved. |
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Copyright © 2020 Maltagenealogy.com |
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