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PEERAGE |
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Last updated 23/07/2023 |
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Date |
Rank |
Order |
Name |
Born |
Died |
Age |
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OAKESHOTT OF SEAGROVE BAY |
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1 May 2000 |
B[L] |
1 |
Matthew Alan
Oakeshott |
10 Jan 1947 |
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Created Baron Oakeshott of Seagrove Bay |
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for life 1
May 2000 |
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OAKLEY OF CAVERSHAM |
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10 Sep 1831 |
B |
1 |
George Cadogan |
5 May 1783 |
15 Sep 1864 |
81 |
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Created Baron Oakley of Caversham |
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10 Sep 1831 |
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See "Cadogan" with which title this peerage |
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remains
merged |
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OAKSEY |
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13 Jan 1947 |
B |
1 |
Geoffrey Lawrence |
2 Dec 1880 |
28 Aug 1971 |
90 |
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Created Baron Oaksey 13 Jan 1947 |
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He succeeded to the Barony of Trevethin in |
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1959 -
see "Trevethin" |
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OAKSHOTT |
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21 Aug 1964 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Hendrie Dudley Oakshott,1st baronet |
8 Nov 1904 |
1 Feb 1975 |
70 |
to |
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Created Baron Oakshott for life |
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1 Feb 1975 |
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21 Aug 1964 |
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MP for Bebington 1950-1964 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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OATES |
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5 Oct 2015 |
B[L] |
1 |
Jonathan Oates |
28 Dec 1969 |
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Created Baron Oates for life 5 Oct 2015 |
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O'BRIEN |
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21 Oct 1654 |
B[I] |
1 |
Murrough O'Brien |
c 1618 |
9 Sep 1674 |
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Created Baron O'Brien and Earl of |
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Inchiquin 21 Oct 1654 |
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See "Inchiquin" - extinct 1855 |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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16 Jun 1900 |
B |
1 |
Sir Peter O'Brien,1st baronet |
29 Jun 1842 |
7 Sep 1914 |
72 |
to |
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Created Baron O'Brien 16 Jun 1900 |
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7 Sep 1914 |
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Solicitor General [I] 1887-1888. Attorney |
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General [I] 1888-1889. Lord Chief Justice |
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[I] 1889-1913. PC [I] 1888 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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O'BRIEN OF LOTHBURY |
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14 Mar 1973 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Leslie Kenneth O'Brien |
8 Feb 1908 |
24 Nov 1995 |
87 |
to |
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Created Baron O'Brien of Lothbury for life |
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24 Nov 1995 |
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14 Mar 1973 |
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Governor of the Bank of England 1966-1973 |
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PC 1970 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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O'CATHAIN |
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21 Jun 1991 |
B[L] |
1 |
Detta O'Cathain |
3 Feb 1938 |
23 Apr 2021 |
83 |
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Created Baroness O'Cathain for life |
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21 Jun 1991 |
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Peerage extinct on her death |
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OCHILTREE |
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15 Mar 1543 |
B[S] |
1 |
Andrew
Stewart,2nd Lord Avandale |
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1548 |
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He exchanged the peerage of Lord |
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Avandale for that of Lord Ochiltree |
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15 Mar 1543 |
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1548 |
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2 |
Andrew Stewart |
c 1521 |
1591 |
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1591 |
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3 |
Andrew Stewart |
c 1560 |
after 1615 |
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He resigned the peerage in favour of - |
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27 May 1615 |
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4 |
James Stewart |
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1659 |
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1659 |
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5 |
William Stewart |
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12 Feb 1675 |
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to |
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On his death the peerage became either |
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12 Feb 1675 |
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extinct or dormant |
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OCKHAM |
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30 Jun 1838 |
V |
1 |
William King-Noel |
21 Feb 1805 |
29 Dec 1893 |
88 |
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Created Viscount Ockham and Earl of |
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Lovelace 30 Jun 1838 |
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See "Lovelace" |
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OCKINGHAM |
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9 Apr 1689 |
B |
1 |
George,Prince of Denmark |
2 Apr 1653 |
28 Oct 1708 |
55 |
to |
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Created Baron Ockingham,Earl of |
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28 Oct 1708 |
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Kendal and Duke of Cumberland |
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9 Apr 1689 |
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Husband of Queen Anne. KG 1684 PC 1685 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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O'DONNELL |
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10 Jan 2012 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Augustine Thomas O'Donnell |
1 Oct 1952 |
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Created Baron O'Donnell for life 10 Jan 2012 |
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ODORNEY |
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1537 |
B[I] |
1 |
Edmond Fitzmaurice,11th Baron Kerry |
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1541 |
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Created Baron Odorney and Viscount |
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Kilmaule 1537 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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OFFALY |
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13 May 1554 |
B[I] |
1 |
Gerald Fitzgerald |
28 Feb 1525 |
16 Nov 1585 |
60 |
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Created Baron Offaly and Earl of |
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Kildare 13 May 1554 |
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See "Kildare" - extinct 1599 |
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29 Jul 1620 |
B[I] |
1 |
Lettice Digby |
c 1578 |
1 Dec 1658 |
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Created Baroness Offaly 29 Jul 1620 |
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For further information on the Baroness,see the |
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note at the foot of this page |
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1 Dec 1658 |
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2 |
George Fitzgerald |
23 Jan 1612 |
1660 |
48 |
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He had previously succeeded to the Earldom |
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of Kildare (qv) in 1620 with which title |
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this peerage then merged and so remains |
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3 Mar 1761 |
E[I] |
1 |
James Fitzgerald |
29 May 1722 |
19 Nov 1773 |
51 |
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Created Viscount Leinster 21 Feb 1747, |
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Earl of Offaly and Marquess of |
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Kildare 3 Mar 1761
and Duke of |
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Leinster 26 Nov 1766 |
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See "Leinster" |
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OFFORD OF GARVEL |
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13 Oct 2021 |
B[L] |
1 |
Malcolm Offord |
5 Sep 1964 |
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Created Baron Offord of Garvey for life |
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|
OGILVY OF CULLEN |
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24 Jun 1698 |
B[S] |
1 |
James Ogilvy |
11 Jul 1663 |
19 Aug 1730 |
67 |
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Created Lord
Ogilvy of Cullen and |
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Viscount of
Seafield 24 Jun 1698 and |
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Earl of Seafield 24 Jun 1701 |
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See "Seafield" |
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OGILVY OF DESKFORD |
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4 Oct 1616 |
B[S] |
1 |
Walter Ogilvy |
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c 1626 |
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Created Lord Ogilvy of Deskford |
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4 Oct 1616 |
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c 1626 |
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2 |
James Ogilvy |
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c 1653 |
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He was
created Earl of Findlater (qv) |
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in 1638 with which title this peerage then |
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merged until
peerages became dormant |
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in 1811 |
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OGLE |
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26 Jul 1461 |
B |
1 |
Robert Ogle |
c 1406 |
1 Nov 1469 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Ogle 26 Jul 1461 |
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1 Nov 1469 |
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2 |
Owen Ogle |
c 1440 |
c 1486 |
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c 1486 |
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3 |
Ralph Ogle |
7 Nov 1468 |
16 Jan 1512 |
43 |
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16 Jan 1512 |
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4 |
Robert Ogle |
c 1490 |
1540 |
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1540 |
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5 |
Robert Ogle |
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6 Mar 1545 |
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6 Mar 1545 |
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6 |
Robert Ogle |
c 1526 |
13 Aug 1562 |
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13 Aug 1562 |
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7 |
Cuthbert Ogle |
c 1540 |
16 Mar 1597 |
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On his death the peerage fell into abeyance |
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16 Mar 1597 |
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Dec 1626 |
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8 |
Catherine Cavendish |
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18 Apr 1629 |
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She became entitled to the peerage Dec 1626. |
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Her entitlement was confirmed by special letters |
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patent dated 4 December 1628 |
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18 Apr 1629 |
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9 |
William Cavendish,1st Earl of Newcastle |
16 Dec 1593 |
25 Dec 1676 |
83 |
16 Mar 1665 |
E |
1 |
Created Earl of Ogle and Duke of |
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Newcastle 16 Mar 1665 |
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25 Dec 1676 |
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10 |
Henry Cavendish,2nd Duke of Newcastle |
24 Jun 1630 |
26 Jul 1691 |
61 |
to |
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On his death the Earldom became extinct |
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26 Jul 1691 |
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and the Barony again fell into abeyance |
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OGLE OF CATHERLOUGH |
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23 Dec 1645 |
V[I] |
1 |
William Ogle |
c 1600 |
14 Jul 1682 |
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to |
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Created Viscount Ogle of Catherlough |
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14 Jul 1682 |
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23 Dec 1645 |
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MP for Winchester 1640-1643 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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OGMORE |
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10 Jul 1950 |
B |
1 |
David Rees Rees-Williams |
22 Nov 1903 |
30 Aug 1976 |
72 |
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Created Baron Ogmore 10 Jul 1950 |
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MP for Croydon South 1945-1950. Minister |
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of Civil Aviation 1951.
PC 1951 |
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30 Aug 1976 |
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2 |
Gwilym Rees Rees-Williams |
5 May 1931 |
9 Nov 2004 |
73 |
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9 Nov 2004 |
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3 |
Morgan Rees-Williams |
19 Dec 1937 |
2 May 2020 |
83 |
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2 May 2020 |
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4 |
Tudor David Rees-Williams |
11 Dec 1991 |
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O'GRADY |
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28 Jan 1831 |
B[I] |
1 |
Standish O'Grady |
1766 |
21 Apr 1840 |
73 |
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Created Baron O'Grady and Viscount |
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Guillamore 28 Jan 1831 |
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See "Guillamore" |
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O'GRADY OF UPPER HOLLOWAY |
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9 Dec 2022 |
B[L] |
1 |
Frances Lorraine Maria O'Grady |
9 Nov 1959 |
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Created Baroness O'Grady of Upper Holloway for life |
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O'HAGAN |
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14 Jun 1870 |
B |
1 |
Thomas O'Hagan |
29 May 1812 |
1 Feb 1885 |
72 |
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Created Baron O'Hagan 14 Jun 1870 |
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MP for Tralee 1863-1865. Solicitor General |
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[I] 1860-1861. Attorney General [I] 1861- |
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1865. Lord Chancellor [I] 1868-1874 and |
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1880-1881. PC [I]
1861 KP 1882 |
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1 Feb 1885 |
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2 |
Thomas Towneley O'Hagan |
5 Dec 1878 |
13 Dec 1900 |
22 |
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13 Dec 1900 |
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3 |
Maurice Herbert Towneley Townley-O'Hagan |
20 Feb 1882 |
18 Dec 1961 |
79 |
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18 Dec 1961 |
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4 |
Charles Towneley Strachey |
6 Sep 1945 |
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MEP for the UK 1973-1975 and Devon 1979-1994 |
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OLDCASTELL |
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26 Oct 1409 |
B |
1 |
John Oldcastell |
c 1360 |
25 Dec 1417 |
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to |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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25 Dec 1417 |
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Oldcastell 26 Oct 1409 |
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The peerage was forfeited in 1417 |
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For further information on this peer,see the |
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note at the foot of this page |
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OLIPHANT |
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c 1456 |
B[S] |
1 |
Laurence Oliphant |
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c 1498 |
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Created Lord Oliphant c 1456 |
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c 1498 |
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2 |
John Oliphant |
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1516 |
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1516 |
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3 |
Laurence Oliphant |
c 1505 |
26 Mar 1566 |
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26 Mar 1566 |
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4 |
Laurence Oliphant |
c 1527 |
16 Jan 1593 |
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16 Jan 1593 |
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5 |
Laurence Oliphant |
24 Mar 1583 |
1631 |
48 |
to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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1631 |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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1633 |
B[S] |
1 |
Patrick Oliphant |
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c 1680 |
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Created Lord Oliphant 1633 |
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c 1680 |
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2 |
Charles Oliphant |
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c 1709 |
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c 1709 |
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3 |
Patrick Oliphant |
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14 Jan 1721 |
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14 Jan 1721 |
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4 |
William Oliphant |
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27 Dec 1728 |
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27 Dec 1728 |
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5 |
Francis Oliphant |
c 1715 |
19 Apr 1748 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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19 Apr 1748 |
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OLIVER OF AYLMERTON |
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31 Jan 1986 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Peter Raymond Oliver |
7 Mar 1921 |
17 Oct 2007 |
86 |
to |
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Created Baron Oliver of Aylmerton for life |
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17 Oct 2007 |
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31 Jan 1986 |
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Lord Justice of Appeal 1980-1986. Lord |
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of Appeal in Ordinary 1986-1992. PC 1980 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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OLIVIER |
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9 Feb 1924 |
B |
1 |
Sir Sydney Haldane Olivier |
16 Apr 1859 |
15 Feb 1943 |
83 |
to |
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Created Baron Olivier 9 Feb 1924 |
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15 Feb 1943 |
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Governor of Jamaica 1907-1913. Secretary |
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of State for India 1924. PC 1924 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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5 Mar 1971 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Laurence Kerr Olivier |
22 May 1907 |
11 Jul 1989 |
82 |
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Created Baron Olivier for life 5 Mar 1971 |
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11 Jul 1989 |
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OM 1981 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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O'LOAN |
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11 Sep 2009 |
B[L] |
1 |
Dame Nuala Patricia O'Loan |
20 Dec 1951 |
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Created Baroness O'Loan for life 11 Sep 2009 |
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O'NEILL |
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3 Oct 1795 |
V[I] |
1 |
John O'Neill |
16 Jan 1740 |
18 Jun 1798 |
58 |
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Created Baron O'Neill 30 Nov 1793 |
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and Viscount O'Neill 3 Oct 1795 |
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PC [I] 1781 |
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For further information on the death of this |
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peer,see the note at the foot of this page |
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18 Jun 1798 |
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2 |
Charles Henry St.John O'Neill |
22 Jan 1779 |
25 Mar 1841 |
62 |
Aug 1800 |
E[I] |
1 |
Created Viscount
Raymond and Earl |
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to |
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O'Neill Aug 1800 |
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25 Mar 1841 |
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Lord
Lieutenant Antrim 1831-1841 KP
1809 |
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PC [I] 1809 |
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On his death the creations of 1800 became |
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extinct whilst the Viscountcy and Barony |
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passed to - |
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25 Mar 1841 |
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3 |
John Bruce Richard O'Neill |
30 Dec 1780 |
12 Feb 1855 |
74 |
to |
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MP for Antrim 1802-1841 |
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12 Feb 1855 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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18 Apr 1868 |
B |
1 |
William O'Neill |
4 Mar 1813 |
18 Apr 1883 |
70 |
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Created Baron O'Neill 18 Apr 1868 |
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18 Apr 1883 |
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2 |
Edward O'Neill |
31 Dec 1839 |
19 Nov 1928 |
88 |
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MP for Antrim 1863-1880 |
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19 Nov 1928 |
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3 |
Shane Edward Robert O'Neill |
6 Feb 1907 |
24 Oct 1944 |
37 |
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Lord Lieutenant Antrim 1938-1944 |
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24 Oct 1944 |
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4 |
Raymond Arthur Clanaboy O'Neill |
1 Sep 1933 |
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Lord Lieutenant Antrim 1994-2008 |
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O'NEILL OF BENGARVE |
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25 Feb 1999 |
B[L] |
1 |
Onora Sylvia O'Neill |
23 Aug 1941 |
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Created Baroness O'Neill of Bengarve |
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for life 25 Feb 1999 |
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CH 2014 |
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O'NEILL OF BEXLEY |
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7 Nov 2022 |
B[L] |
1 |
Teresa Ann O'Neill, OBE |
18 Jul 1961 |
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Created Baroness O'Neill of Bexley |
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for life 7 Nov 2022 |
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O'NEILL OF CLACKMANNAN |
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14 Jun 2005 |
B[L] |
1 |
Martin John O'Neill |
6 Jan 1945 |
26 Aug 2020 |
75 |
to |
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Created Baron O'Neill of Clackmannan |
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26 Aug 2020 |
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for life 14 Jun 2005 |
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MP for Clackmannan and East Stirlingshire 1979- |
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1983,Clackmannan 1983-1997 and Ochil 1997-2005 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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O'NEILL OF GATLEY |
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28 May 2015 |
B[L] |
1 |
Terence James O'Neill |
17 Mar 1957 |
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Created
Baron O'Neill of Gatley for life |
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28 May 2015 |
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O'NEILL OF THE MAINE |
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23 Jan 1970 |
B[L] |
1 |
Terence Marne O'Neill |
10 Sep 1914 |
12 Jun 1990 |
75 |
to |
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Created Baron O'Neill of the Maine for life |
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12 Jun 1990 |
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23 Jan 1970 |
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Prime Minister of Northern Ireland 1963- |
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1969. PC [NI] 1956 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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ONGLEY |
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30 Jul 1776 |
B[I] |
1 |
Robert Henley-Ongley |
c 1721 |
23 Oct 1785 |
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Created Baron Ongley 30 Jul 1776 |
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MP for Bedford 1754-1761 and Bedfordshire |
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1761-1780 and 1784-1785 |
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23 Oct 1785 |
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2 |
Robert Henley-Ongley |
3 Oct 1771 |
20 Aug 1814 |
42 |
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20 Aug 1814 |
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3 |
Robert Henley-Ongley |
9 May 1803 |
21 Jan 1877 |
73 |
to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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21 Jan 1877 |
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ONSLOW |
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19 Jun 1716 |
B |
1 |
Sir Richard Onslow,2nd baronet |
23 Jun 1654 |
5 Dec 1717 |
63 |
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Created Baron Onslow 19 Jun 1716 |
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The creation of this peerage contained a special |
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remainder,failing heirs male of his body,to his uncle |
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Denzil
Onslow and his heirs male, and ultimately to |
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the heirs male of the body of the grantee's father |
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MP for Guildford 1679-1689, Surrey 1689- |
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1710 and 1713-1715, and St.Mawes 1710- |
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1713. Speaker of the House of Commons |
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1708-1710. Chancellor of the Exchequer |
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1714-1715. Lord Lieutenant Surrey 1716- |
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1717. PC 1710 |
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5 Dec 1717 |
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2 |
Thomas Onslow |
27 Nov 1679 |
5 Jun 1740 |
60 |
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MP for Gatton 1702-1705, Chichester 1705- |
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1708, Bletchingley 1708-1715 and Surrey |
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1715-1717. Lord Lieutenant Surrey 1717-40 |
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5 Jun 1740 |
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3 |
Richard Onslow |
1713 |
8 Oct 1776 |
63 |
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MP for Guildford
1734-1740. Lord |
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Lieutenant Surrey 1740-1776 |
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8 Oct 1776 |
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4 |
George Onslow |
13 Sep 1731 |
17 May 1814 |
82 |
19 Jun 1801 |
E |
1 |
Created Baron Cranley 20 May 1776, |
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and Viscount Cranley and Earl of |
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Onslow 19 Jun 1801 |
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MP for Rye 1754-1761 and Surrey 1761-1774 |
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Lord Lieutenant Surrey 1776-1814. PC 1767 |
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17 May 1814 |
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2 |
Thomas Onslow |
15 Mar 1754 |
22 Feb 1827 |
72 |
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MP for Rye 1775-1784 and Guildford 1784- |
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1806 |
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22 Feb 1827 |
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3 |
Arthur George Onslow |
25 Oct 1777 |
24 Oct 1870 |
92 |
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24 Oct 1870 |
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4 |
William Hillier Onslow |
7 Mar 1853 |
23 Oct 1911 |
58 |
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Governor of New
Zealand 1888-1892. |
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President of
the Board of Agriculture |
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1903-1905. PC 1903 |
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23 Oct 1911 |
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5 |
Richard William Alan Onslow |
23 Aug 1876 |
9 Jun 1945 |
68 |
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Paymaster General 1928-1929. PC 1926 |
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9 Jun 1945 |
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6 |
William Arthur Bampfylde Onslow |
11 Jun 1913 |
3 Jun 1971 |
57 |
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3 Jun 1971 |
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7 |
Michael William Coplestone Dillon Onslow [Elected |
28 Feb 1938 |
14 May 2011 |
73 |
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hereditary peer 1999-2011] |
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14 May 2011 |
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8 |
Rupert Charles William Bullard Onslow |
16 Jun 1967 |
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ONSLOW OF WOKING |
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31 Oct 1997 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Cranley Gordon Douglas Onslow |
8 Jun 1926 |
13 Mar 2001 |
74 |
to |
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Created Baron Onslow of Woking for life |
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13 Mar 2001 |
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31 Oct 1997 |
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MP for Woking 1964-1997. Minister of State, |
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Foreign and Commonwealth Office 1982- |
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1983. PC 1988 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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OPPENHEIM-BARNES |
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9 Feb 1989 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sally Oppenheim-Barnes |
26 Jul 1928 |
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Created Baroness Oppenheim-Barnes for life |
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9 Feb 1989 |
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MP for Gloucester 1970-1987. Minister of |
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State for Consumer Affairs 1979-1982. |
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PC 1979 |
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ORAM |
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22 Jan 1976 |
B[L] |
1 |
Albert Edward Oram |
13 Aug 1913 |
4 Sep 1999 |
86 |
to |
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Created Baron Oram for life 22 Jan 1976 |
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4 Sep 1999 |
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MP for East Ham South 1955-1974 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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ORANMORE AND BROWNE |
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4 May 1836 |
B[I] |
1 |
Dominick Browne |
28 May 1787 |
30 Jan 1860 |
72 |
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Created Baron Oranmore and Browne |
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4 May 1836 |
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MP for Mayo 1814-1826 and 1830-1836 |
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Lord Lieutenant Mayo 1834-1842. PC [I] 1834 |
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30 Jan 1860 |
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2 |
Geoffrey Dominick Augustus Frederick |
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Guthrie-Browne |
8 Jun 1819 |
15 Nov 1900 |
81 |
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15 Nov 1900 |
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3 |
Geoffrey Henry Browne |
6 Jan 1861 |
30 Jun 1927 |
66 |
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Created Baron Mereworth 19 Jan 1926 |
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KP 1918 PC [I] 1921 |
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For information on the death of this peer,see |
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the note at the foot of this page |
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30 Jun 1927 |
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4 |
Dominick Geoffrey Edward Browne (also 2nd |
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Baron Mereworth) |
21 Oct 1901 |
7 Aug 2002 |
100 |
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7 Aug 2002 |
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5 |
Dominick Geoffrey Thomas Browne (also 3rd |
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Baron Mereworth) |
1 Jul 1929 |
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ORFORD |
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7 May 1697 |
E |
1 |
Edward Russell |
1653 |
26 Nov 1727 |
74 |
to |
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Created Baron of Shingay,Viscount |
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26 Nov 1727 |
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Barfleur and Earl of
Orford |
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7 May 1697 |
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MP for Launceston 1689-1690, Portsmouth |
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1690-1695 and Cambridgeshire 1695-1697. |
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Treasurer of the Navy 1689-1699. First Lord |
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of the Admiralty 1694-1699, 1709-1710 and |
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1714-1717. Lord Lieutenant Cambridge |
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1715-1727. PC 1689 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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6 Feb 1742 |
E |
1 |
Robert Walpole |
26 Aug 1676 |
18 Mar 1745 |
68 |
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Created Baron Houghton,Viscount |
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Walpole and Earl of Orford 6 Feb 1742 |
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MP for Castle Rising 1701-1702 and Kings |
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Lynn 1702-1742. Secretary at War 1708-1710 |
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Treasurer
of the Navy 1710. Prime Minister |
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and Chancellor of the Exchequer 1715- |
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1717 and 1721-1742. PC 1714
KG 1726 |
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18 Mar 1745 |
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2 |
Robert Walpole |
1701 |
31 Mar 1751 |
49 |
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Lord Lieutenant Devon 1733-1751 |
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31 Mar 1751 |
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3 |
George Walpole |
2 Apr 1730 |
5 Dec 1791 |
61 |
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Lord Lieutenant Norfolk 1757-1791 |
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5 Dec 1791 |
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4 |
Horatio Walpole |
5 Oct 1717 |
2 Mar 1797 |
79 |
to |
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MP for Callington 1741-1754, Castle Rising |
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2 Mar 1797 |
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1754-1757 and Kings Lynn 1757-1768. |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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10 Apr 1806 |
E |
1 |
Horatio Walpole,4th Earl of Orford |
12 Jun 1723 |
24 Feb 1809 |
85 |
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Created Earl of Orford 10 Apr 1806 |
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MP for Kings Lynn 1747-1757 |
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24 Feb 1809 |
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2 |
Horatio Walpole |
13 Jun 1752 |
15 Jun 1822 |
70 |
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MP for Wigan 1780-1784 and Kings Lynn |
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1784-1809 |
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15 Jun 1822 |
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3 |
Horatio Walpole |
14 Jun 1783 |
29 Dec 1858 |
75 |
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MP for Kings Lynn 1809-1822 |
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29 Dec 1858 |
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4 |
Horatio Walpole |
18 Apr 1813 |
7 Dec 1894 |
81 |
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MP for Norfolk East 1835-1837 |
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7 Dec 1894 |
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5 |
Robert Horace Walpole |
10 Jul 1854 |
27 Sep 1931 |
77 |
to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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27 Sep 1931 |
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For information on an incident early in this peer's |
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life,see the note at the foot of this page |
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|
ORIEL OF COLLON |
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22 Nov 1797 |
B[I] |
1 |
Margaretta Amelia Foster |
1736 |
20 Jan 1824 |
87 |
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Created Baroness Oriel of Collon |
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5 Jun 1790 and Viscountess Ferrard |
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22 Nov 1797 |
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20 Jan 1824 |
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2 |
Thomas Henry Skeffington |
c 1772 |
18 Jan 1843 |
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MP for Drogheda 1807-1812 and Louth |
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1821-1826. PC [I] 1809 |
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18 Jan 1843 |
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3 |
John Skeffington |
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He succeeded to
the Viscountcy of |
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Massereene (qv) in 1831 with which title |
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this peerage then merged |
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|
ORIEL OF FERRARD |
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17 Jul 1821 |
B |
1 |
John Foster |
28 Sep 1740 |
16 Aug 1828 |
87 |
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|
Created Baron Oriel 17 Jul 1821 |
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MP for Louth 1800-1821. Chancellor of the |
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Exchequer
[I] 1784-1785,1804-1806 and |
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1807-1811. Speaker of the House of |
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Commons [I] 1785-1800. PC [I] 1779 PC 1786 |
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16 Aug 1828 |
|
2 |
Thomas Henry Skeffington |
c 1772 |
18 Jan 1843 |
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MP for Drogheda 1807-1812 and Louth |
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1821-1826. PC [I] 1809 |
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18 Jan 1843 |
|
3 |
John Skeffington |
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|
He succeeded to
the Viscountcy of |
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Massereene (qv) in 1831 with which title |
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this peerage then merged |
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|
ORKNEY |
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1379 |
E[S] |
1 |
Henry Sinclair |
|
c 1400 |
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Recognized as Earl of Orkney 1379 |
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c 1400 |
|
2 |
Henry Sinclair |
|
1418 |
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1418 |
|
3 |
William Sinclair,later [1455] 1st Earl of Caithness |
|
1476 |
|
to |
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|
He resigned the Earldom of Orkney in 1470 |
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1470 |
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|
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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12 May 1567 |
D[S] |
1 |
James Hepburn,Earl of Bothwell |
c 1535 |
14 Apr 1578 |
|
to |
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|
Created Marquess of Fife and Duke of |
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29 Dec 1567 |
|
|
Orkney 12 May 1567 |
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Peerages forfeited 29 Dec 1567 |
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|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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28 Oct 1581 |
E[S] |
1 |
Lord Robert Stewart |
1533 |
4 Feb 1593 |
59 |
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|
Created Earl of Orkney 28 Oct 1581 |
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Illegitimate son of James V of Scotland |
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4 Feb 1593 |
|
2 |
Patrick Stewart |
c 1569 |
6 Feb 1614 |
|
to |
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|
The peerage was forfeited in 1614 |
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|
6 Feb 1614 |
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|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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3 Jan 1696 |
E[S] |
1 |
Lord George Hamilton |
9 Feb 1666 |
29 Jan 1737 |
70 |
|
|
|
Created Lord Dechmont,Viscount of |
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Kirkwall and Earl of Orkney 3 Jan 1696 |
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Governor of Virginia 1714-1737. KT 1704 PC 1711 |
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Field Marshal. Lord Lieutenant Lanark |
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29 Jan 1737 |
|
2 |
Anne O'Brien |
|
6 Dec 1756 |
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6 Dec 1756 |
|
3 |
Mary O'Brien |
c 1721 |
10 May 1791 |
|
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|
For further information on this peeress, see the |
|
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|
|
note at the foot of this page. |
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10 May 1791 |
|
4 |
Mary Fitzmaurice |
4 Sep 1755 |
20 Dec 1831 |
76 |
|
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20 Dec 1831 |
|
5 |
Thomas John Hamilton Fitzmaurice |
8 Aug 1803 |
16 May 1877 |
73 |
|
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16 May 1877 |
|
6 |
George William Hamilton Fitzmaurice |
6 May 1827 |
21 Oct 1889 |
62 |
|
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21 Oct 1889 |
|
7 |
Edmond Walter Fitzmaurice |
24 May 1867 |
21 Aug 1951 |
84 |
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21 Aug 1951 |
|
8 |
Cecil O'Bryen Fitzmaurice |
3 Jul 1919 |
5 Feb 1998 |
78 |
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5 Feb 1998 |
|
9 |
Oliver Peter St.John |
27 Feb 1938 |
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|
ORMATHWAITE |
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16 Apr 1868 |
B |
1 |
Sir John Benn Walsh,2nd baronet |
9 Dec 1798 |
3 Apr 1881 |
82 |
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|
Created Baron Ormathwaite 16 Apr 1868 |
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MP for Sudbury 1830-1834 and 1838-1840 |
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and Radnorshire 1840-1868. Lord |
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Lieutenant Radnorshire 1842-1875 |
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3 Apr 1881 |
|
2 |
Arthur Walsh |
14 Apr 1827 |
27 Mar 1920 |
92 |
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MP for Leominster
1855-1868 and |
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Radnorshire 1868-1880. Lord Lieutenant |
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Radnorshire 1875-1895 |
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27 Mar 1920 |
|
3 |
Arthur Henry John Walsh |
10 Apr 1859 |
13 Mar 1937 |
77 |
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MP for Radnorshire 1885-1892. Lord |
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Lieutenant Radnorshire 1918-1922 |
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13 Mar 1937 |
|
4 |
George Harry William Walsh |
3 Dec 1863 |
27 Oct 1943 |
79 |
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27 Oct 1943 |
|
5 |
Reginald Walsh |
17 Jul 1868 |
13 Feb 1944 |
75 |
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13 Feb 1944 |
|
6 |
John Arthur Charles Walsh |
25 Dec 1912 |
8 Mar 1984 |
71 |
to |
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|
Peerage extinct on his death |
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8 Mar 1984 |
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|
ORME |
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21 Oct 1997 |
B[L] |
1 |
Stanley Orme |
5 Apr 1923 |
27 Apr 2005 |
82 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Orme for life 21 Oct 1997 |
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|
27 Apr 2005 |
|
|
MP for Salford
West 1964-1983 and |
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|
Salford East 1983-1997. Minister of State, |
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|
Northern Ireland 1974-1976. Minister of |
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|
State,Health
and Social Security 1976. |
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|
Minister for Social Security 1976-1979. |
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|
PC 1974 |
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|
Peerage extinct on his death |
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|
ORMELIE |
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13 Aug 1677 |
B[S] |
1 |
John Campbell,Earl of Caithness |
c 1635 |
28 Mar 1717 |
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|
Created Lord Glenurchy, |
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Benederaloch,Ormelie and Weick, |
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Viscount of Tay and Paintland,and |
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Earl of Breadalbane and Holland |
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13 Aug 1681 |
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|
See "Breadalbane and Holland" |
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|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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12 Sep 1831 |
E |
1 |
John Campbell,4th Earl of Breadalbane |
30 Mar 1762 |
29 Mar 1834 |
71 |
|
|
|
Created Baron Breadalbane 13 Nov 1806 |
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|
and Earl of Ormelie and Marquess of |
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|
of Breadalbane 12 Sep 1831 |
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|
See "Breadalbane" - extinct 1862 |
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|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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11 Jul 1885 |
E |
1 |
Gavin Campbell,7th Earl of Breadalbane |
9 Apr 1851 |
19 Oct 1922 |
71 |
to |
|
|
Created Baron Breadalbane 25 Mar 1873 |
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19 Oct 1922 |
|
|
and Earl of Ormelie and Marquess of |
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|
Breadalbane 11 Jul 1885 |
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On his death the creations of 1873 and 1885 |
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became extinct |
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|
ORMOND |
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1445 |
E[S] |
1 |
Hugh Douglas |
|
1 May 1455 |
|
to |
|
|
Created Earl of Ormond 1445 |
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|
|
1 May 1455 |
|
|
He was attainted and the peerage forfeited |
|
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|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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29 Jan 1488 |
M[S] |
1 |
James Stewart |
Mar 1476 |
17 Jan 1504 |
27 |
to |
|
|
Created Lord of Brechin,Navar and |
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|
|
17 Jan 1504 |
|
|
Ardmannoch and
Earl of Ross 23 Jan |
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|
1481,and Lord Brechin and Navar,Earl |
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|
of Edirdale,Marquess of Ormond and |
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Duke of Ross 29 Jan 1488 |
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Second son of James III of Scotland |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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23 Dec 1600 |
M[S] |
1 |
Charles Stuart |
19 Nov 1600 |
30 Jan 1649 |
48 |
to |
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Created Lord Ardmannoch,Earl of |
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27 Mar 1625 |
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Ross,Marquess of Ormond and Duke |
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of Albany 23 Dec 1600 |
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He succeeded to the throne of England |
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in 1625,when the peerage merged with the |
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Crown |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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3 Apr 1651 |
E[S] |
1 |
Archibald Douglas |
c 1609 |
15 Apr 1655 |
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Created Lord Bothwell and Hartside, |
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and Earl of Ormond 3 Apr 1651 |
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15 Apr 1655 |
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2 |
Archibald Douglas |
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He was created Earl of Forfar (qv) in 1661 |
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with which title these peerages then merged |
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ORMONDE |
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2 Nov 1328 |
E[I] |
1 |
James Butler |
c 1305 |
6 Jan 1337 |
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Created Earl of Ormonde 2 Nov 1328 |
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6 Jan 1337 |
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2 |
James Butler |
4 Oct 1331 |
13 Oct 1382 |
51 |
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Chief Governor of Ireland 1359,1360,1364 |
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and 1376-1378 |
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13 Oct 1382 |
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3 |
James Butler |
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7 Sep 1405 |
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Chief Governor of Ireland 1384, 1392 and |
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1404 |
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7 Sep 1405 |
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4 |
James Butler |
c 1392 |
22 Aug 1452 |
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Chief Governor of Ireland 1407,1419-1423, |
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1424-1425,1426-1427,1440-1442,1443-1445 |
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and 1453 |
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22 Aug 1452 |
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5 |
James Butler |
24 Nov 1420 |
1 May 1461 |
40 |
to |
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Created Earl of Wiltshire 8 Jul 1449 |
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1 May 1461 |
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Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1453-1456. |
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KG 1459 |
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He was attainted and the peerage forfeited |
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1476 |
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6 |
John Butler |
c 1422 |
14 Oct 1478 |
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Attainder reversed 1476 |
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14 Oct 1478 |
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7 |
Thomas Butler |
c 1424 |
8 Aug 1515 |
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to |
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On his
death the peerage lapsed to the |
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8 Aug 1515 |
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Crown |
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8 Dec 1529 |
E[I] |
1 |
Thomas Boleyn |
1477 |
13 Mar 1539 |
61 |
to |
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Created Viscount Rochford 18 Jun |
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13 Mar 1539 |
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1525,Earl
of Ossory 23 Feb 1528, Earl of |
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Wiltshire and Earl of Ormonde 8 Dec 1529 |
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Lord Privy Seal 1530-1536.
KG 1523 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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22 Feb 1538 |
E[I] |
8 |
Piers Butler |
c 1467 |
26 Aug 1539 |
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Restored as Earl of Ormonde 22 Feb 1538 |
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22 Aug 1539 |
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9 |
James Butler |
c 1490 |
28 Oct 1546 |
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Created Viscount Thurles 2 Jan 1536 |
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28 Oct 1546 |
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10 |
Thomas Butler |
1532 |
22 Nov 1614 |
82 |
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KG 1588 |
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22 Nov 1614 |
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11 |
Walter Butler |
1569 |
24 Feb 1633 |
63 |
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24 Feb 1633 |
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12 |
James Butler |
19 Oct 1610 |
21 Jul 1688 |
77 |
30 Aug 1642 |
M[I] |
1 |
Created Marquess of Ormonde 30 Aug |
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30 Mar 1661 |
D[I] |
1 |
1642,Baron Butler
and Earl of |
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Brecknock 20 Jul
1660,Duke of |
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9 Nov 1682 |
D |
1 |
Ormonde [I] 30 Mar 1661 and Duke of |
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Ormonde [E] 9 Nov 1682 |
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Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1643-1647, |
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1648-1650, 1662-1669 and 1677-1685. Lord |
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Lieutenant
Somerset 1660-1672 KG 1649 |
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PC [I] 1660 PC 1682 |
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21 Jul 1688 |
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13 |
James Butler |
29 Apr 1665 |
16 Nov 1745 |
80 |
to |
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2 |
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1703-1707 and |
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20 Aug 1715 |
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1710-1713. Lord Lieutenant Somerset 1691-1714 |
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Warden of the Cinque Ports 1712. Lord Lieutenant |
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Norfolk 1713-1714 PC
[I] 1690 KG 1688 |
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He was attainted and his English peerages |
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forfeited |
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16 Nov 1745 |
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14 |
Charles Butler |
4 Sep 1671 |
17 Dec 1758 |
87 |
to |
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3 |
On his death
the Irish Dukedom and |
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17 Dec 1758 |
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Marquessate became extinct whilst the |
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Irish Earldom passed to - |
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17 Dec 1758 |
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15 |
John Butler |
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24 Jun 1766 |
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24 Jun 1766 |
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16 |
Walter Butler |
10 Jun 1703 |
2 Jun 1783 |
79 |
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For further information on this peer's daughter, |
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see the note at the foot of this page. |
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2 Jun 1783 |
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17 |
John Butler |
10 Dec 1740 |
30 Dec 1795 |
55 |
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Although he succeeded to the peerage in 1783 |
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his succession was not confirmed until 1791 |
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30 Dec 1795 |
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18 |
Walter Butler |
4 Feb 1770 |
10 Aug 1820 |
50 |
Jan 1816 |
M[I] |
1 |
Created Baron
Butler of Lanthony |
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to |
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20 Jan 1801 and Marquess of Ormonde |
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10 Aug 1820 |
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Jan 1816 |
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KP 1798 PC [I] 1797 |
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On his death
the Marquessate became |
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extinct whilst the Earldom passed to - |
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10 Aug 1820 |
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19 |
James Wandesford Butler |
15 Jul 1774 |
18 May 1838 |
63 |
5 Oct 1825 |
M[I] |
1 |
Created
Baron Ormonde [UK] 17 Jul 1821 |
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and Marquess of Ormonde 5 Oct 1825 |
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For details of the special remainder included in the |
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creation
of the Barony of 1821,see the note at the |
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foot of this page |
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MP for Kilkenny 1801-1820.
KP 1821 |
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Lord Lieutenant Kilkenny 1831-1838 |
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18 May 1838 |
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20 |
John Butler |
24 Aug 1808 |
25 Sep 1854 |
46 |
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MP for Kilkenny 1820-1832.
KP 1845 |
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25 Sep 1854 |
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21 |
James Edward William Theobald Butler |
5 Oct 1844 |
26 Oct 1919 |
75 |
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Lord
Lieutenant Kilkenny 1878-1919 KP
1888 |
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PC [I] 1902 |
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26 Oct 1919 |
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22 |
James Arthur Wellington Foley Butler |
23 Sep 1849 |
4 Jul 1943 |
93 |
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4 Jul 1943 |
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23 |
James George Anson Butler |
18 Apr 1890 |
21 Jun 1949 |
59 |
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21 Jun 1949 |
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24 |
James Arthur Norman Butler |
25 Apr 1893 |
17 Apr 1971 |
77 |
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17 Apr 1971 |
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25 |
James Hubert Theobald Charles Butler |
19 Apr 1899 |
25 Oct 1997 |
98 |
to |
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On
his death the Marquessate and the Barony of |
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25 Oct 1997 |
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1821
became extinct,whilst the Earldom became |
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dormant.
For information as to who should succeed |
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to
the title,the reader is advised to go to the |
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following webpage:- |
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http://www.butler-soc.org/nextormond/index.htm |
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ORONSAY |
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19 Oct 1706 |
B[S] |
1 |
Archibald Campbell,3rd Duke of Argyll |
Jun 1682 |
15 Apr 1761 |
78 |
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Created Lord Oransay,Dunoon and |
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Arase,and Viscount and Earl of Ilay |
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19 Oct 1706 |
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See "Argyll" |
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ORREBY |
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4 Mar 1309 |
B |
1 |
John de Orreby |
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Mar 1329 |
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Summoned to Parliament as Lord |
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Orreby 4 Mar 1309 |
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Mar 1329 |
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2 |
John de Orreby |
1318 |
Jan 1354 |
35 |
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Jan 1354 |
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3 |
Joan de Orreby |
c 1350 |
30 Jul 1369 |
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30 Jul 1369 |
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4 |
Mary de Orreby |
12 Mar 1368 |
25 Aug 1394 |
26 |
to |
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Peerage extinct on her death |
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25 Aug 1394 |
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ORRERY |
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5 Sep 1660 |
E[I] |
1 |
Roger Boyle,1st Baron Boyle of Broghill |
25 Apr 1621 |
16 Oct 1679 |
58 |
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Created Earl of Orrery 5 Sep 1660 |
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MP for Arundel 1660-1679
PC [I] 1660 |
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16 Oct 1679 |
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2 |
Roger Boyle |
24 Aug 1646 |
29 Mar 1682 |
35 |
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29 Mar 1682 |
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3 |
Lionel Boyle |
11 Jul 1671 |
24 Aug 1703 |
32 |
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MP for East Grinstead 1695,1698-1701 |
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and 1701-1702 |
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24 Aug 1703 |
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4 |
Charles Boyle |
28 Jul 1674 |
28 Aug 1731 |
57 |
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Created Baron Boyle of Marston |
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5 Sep 1711 |
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MP for Huntingdon 1701-1705. KT 1705 |
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PC 1711. Lord Lieutenant Somerset 1714-15 |
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28 Aug 1731 |
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5 |
John Boyle |
13 Jan 1707 |
23 Nov 1762 |
55 |
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He succeeded as 5th Earl of Cork (qv) in |
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1753 with which title this peerage continues |
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to be united |
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ORR-EWING |
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30 Apr 1971 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Charles Ian Orr-Ewing,1st baronet |
10 Feb 1912 |
19 Aug 1999 |
87 |
to |
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Created Baron Orr-Ewing for life 30 Apr 1971 |
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19 Aug 1999 |
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MP for Hendon North 1950-1970 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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ORWELL |
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7 Apr 1762 |
B[I] |
1 |
Francis Vernon |
c 1715 |
15 Oct 1783 |
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to |
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Created Baron Orwell 7 Apr 1762, |
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15 Oct 1783 |
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Viscount Orwell 21 Jul 1776 and Earl |
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of Shipbrook 8 Feb 1777 |
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Peerages extinct on his death |
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OSAMOR |
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26 Nov 2018 |
B[L] |
1 |
Martha Otito Osamor |
Sep 1940 |
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Created Baroness Osamor for life 26 Nov 2018 |
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OSBORNE |
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2 Feb 1673 |
V |
1 |
Thomas Osborne |
20 Feb 1632 |
26 Jul 1712 |
80 |
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B |
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Created Viscount Osborne 2 Feb 1673, |
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Baron Osborne and Viscount Latimer |
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15 Aug 1673,Earl of Danby 27 Jun 1674, |
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Marquess of Carmarthen 9 Apr 1689 |
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and Duke of Leeds (qv) 4 May 1694 |
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He surrendered the Viscountcy of Osborne |
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created in 1673 to his 2nd son, Peregrine |
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Osborne in August 1673 |
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Aug 1673 |
V |
2 |
Peregrine Osborne |
1659 |
25 Jun 1729 |
69 |
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He succeeded as 2nd Duke of Leeds (qv) in 1712 |
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************ |
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3 Mar 1690 |
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Peregrine Osborne |
1659 |
25 Jun 1729 |
69 |
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He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of |
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Acceleration as Baron Osborne 3 Mar 1690 |
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He succeeded as 2nd Duke of Leeds (qv) in 1712 |
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************ |
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28 Jan 1713 |
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Peregrine Hyde Osborne |
11 Nov 1691 |
9 Apr 1731 |
39 |
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He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of |
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Acceleration as Baron Osborne 28 Jan 1713 |
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He succeeded as 3rd Duke of Leeds (qv) in 1729 |
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************ |
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15 May 1776 |
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Francis Godolphin Osborne |
29 Jan 1751 |
31 Jan 1799 |
48 |
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He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of |
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Acceleration as Baron Osborne 15 May 1776 |
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He succeeded as 5th Duke of Leeds (qv) in 1789 |
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************ |
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2 Jul 1838 |
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Francis Godolphin D'Arcy-Osborne |
21 May 1798 |
4 May 1859 |
60 |
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He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of |
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Acceleration as Baron Osborne 2 Jul 1838 |
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He
succeeded as 7th Duke of Leeds (qv) on |
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10 Jul 1838 |
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O'SHAUGHNESSY |
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1 Oct 2015 |
B[L] |
1 |
James Richard O'Shaughnessy |
26 Mar 1976 |
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Created Baron O'Shaughnessy for life 1 Oct 2015 |
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OSSINGTON |
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13 Feb 1872 |
V |
1 |
John Evelyn Denison |
27 Jan 1800 |
7 Mar 1873 |
73 |
to |
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Created Viscount Ossington 13 Feb 1872 |
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7 Mar 1873 |
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MP for Newcastle under Lyme 1823-1826, |
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Hastings 1826-1830, Nottinghamshire 1831- |
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1832, Nottinghamshire South 1832-1837, |
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Malton 1841-1857 and Nottinghamshire |
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North 1857-1872. Speaker of the House |
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of Commons 1857-1872.
PC 1857 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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OSSORY |
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23 Feb 1528 |
E[I] |
1 |
Thomas Boleyn |
1477 |
13 Mar 1539 |
61 |
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Created Viscount Rochford 18 Jun |
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1525,Earl
of Ossory 23 Feb 1528, Earl of |
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Wiltshire and Earl of Ormonde 8 Dec 1529 |
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See 'Ormonde' |
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************ |
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8 Aug 1662 |
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Thomas Butler |
8 Jul 1634 |
30 Jul 1680 |
46 |
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MP for Bristol 1661-1666 |
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He was summoned to the Irish House of Lords |
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by
a Writ of Acceleration as Earl of Ossory [I] |
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8 Aug 1662,and later created Baron Butler |
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of Moore Park [E] (qv) in 1666 |
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PC [I] 1660 KG 1672 |
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He was the son and heir apparent of the 1st |
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Duke of Ormonde, but died before he could |
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succeed to that title |
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OSSULSTON |
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24 Nov 1682 |
B |
1 |
John Bennet |
5 Jul 1616 |
11 Feb 1695 |
78 |
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Created Baron Ossulston 24 Nov 1682 |
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MP for Wallingford 1663-1679 |
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11 Feb 1695 |
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2 |
Charles Bennet |
1674 |
21 May 1722 |
47 |
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He was created Earl of Tankerville (qv) in |
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1714 with which title this peerage then |
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merged |
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******************** |
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20 May 1859 |
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Charles Bennet |
10 Jan 1810 |
18 Dec 1899 |
89 |
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He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of |
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Acceleration as Baron Ossulston 20 May 1859 |
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He succeeded as Earl of Tankerville (qv) 25 Jun 1859 |
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OUSELEY |
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26 Jun 2001 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Herman George Ouseley |
24 Mar 1945 |
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Created Baron Ouseley for life 26 Jun 2001 |
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OVERSTONE |
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5 Mar 1850 |
B |
1 |
Samuel Jones Loyd |
25 Sep 1796 |
17 Nov 1883 |
87 |
to |
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Created Baron Overstone 5 Mar 1850 |
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17 Nov 1883 |
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MP for Hythe 1819-1826 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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OVERTOUN |
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23 Jun 1893 |
B |
1 |
John Campbell White |
21 Nov 1843 |
15 Feb 1908 |
64 |
to |
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Created Baron Overtoun 23 Jun 1893 |
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15 Feb 1908 |
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Lord Lieutenant Dumbarton 1907-1908 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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OWEN |
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30 Jun 1992 |
B[L] |
1 |
David Anthony Llewellyn Owen |
2 Jul 1938 |
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Created Baron Owen for life 30 Jun 1992 |
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MP for Plymouth Sutton 1966-1974 and Devonport |
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1974-1992. Minister of State,Health and |
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Social Security 1974-1976 and Foreign |
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Office 1976-1977. Foreign Secretary 1977- |
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1979. PC 1976 CH
1994 |
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OWEN OF ALDERLEY EDGE |
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12 Jul 2023 |
B[L] |
1 |
Charlotte Kathryn Tranter Owen |
10 May 1993 |
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Created Baroness Owen of Alderley Edge |
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for life 12 Jul 2023 |
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OXBURGH |
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27 Jul 1999 |
B[L] |
1 |
Sir Ernest Ronald Oxburgh |
2 Nov 1934 |
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Created Baron Oxburgh for life 27 Jul 1999 |
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OXENBRIDGE |
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13 Aug 1886 |
V |
1 |
William John Monson,7th Baron Monson |
18 Feb 1829 |
16 Apr 1898 |
69 |
to |
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Created Viscount Oxenbridge |
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16 Apr 1898 |
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13 Aug 1886 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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OXENFOORD OF COUSLAND |
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16 Aug 1841 |
B |
1 |
John Hamilton Dalrymple,8th Earl of Stair |
14 Jun 1771 |
10 Jan 1853 |
81 |
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Created Baron Oxenfoord of Cousland |
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16 Aug 1841 |
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For details of the special remainder included in the |
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creation
of this peerage,see the note at the |
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foot of this page |
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See "Stair" |
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OXFORD |
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1142 |
E |
1 |
Aubrey de Vere |
c 1120 |
1194 |
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Created Earl of Oxford 1142 |
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1194 |
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2 |
Aubrey de Vere |
1163 |
1214 |
51 |
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1214 |
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3 |
Robert de Vere |
c 1170 |
25 Oct 1221 |
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25 Oct 1221 |
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4 |
Hugh de Vere |
c 1210 |
Dec 1263 |
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Dec 1263 |
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5 |
Robert de Vere |
c 1240 |
2 Sep 1296 |
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2 Sep 1296 |
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6 |
Robert de Vere |
Jun 1262 |
17 Apr 1331 |
68 |
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17 Apr 1331 |
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7 |
John de Vere |
Mar 1313 |
24 Jan 1360 |
46 |
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24 Jan 1360 |
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8 |
Thomas de Vere |
1337 |
18 Sep 1371 |
34 |
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18 Sep 1371 |
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9 |
Robert de Vere,later [1386] Duke of Ireland [L] |
16 Jan 1362 |
22 Nov 1392 |
30 |
to |
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KG 1384 |
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3 Feb 1388 |
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He was attainted and the peerages forfeited |
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12 Feb 1392 |
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10 |
Aubrey de Vere |
c 1340 |
23 Apr 1400 |
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He was restored as Earl of Oxford 12 Feb 1392 |
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For information on a claim to this peerage made by |
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the Duke of Atholl in 1912, see the note at the |
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foot of this page |
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23 Apr 1400 |
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11 |
Richard de Vere |
c 1386 |
15 Feb 1417 |
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KG 1415 |
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15 Feb 1417 |
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12 |
John de Vere |
23 Apr 1407 |
26 Feb 1462 |
54 |
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26 Feb 1462 |
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13 |
John de Vere |
1443 |
10 Mar 1513 |
69 |
to |
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He was attainted and the peerage forfeited |
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Oct 1474 |
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in Oct 1474 but restored Oct 1485 |
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Oct 1485 |
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KG 1486 |
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10 Mar 1513 |
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14 |
John de Vere |
14 Aug 1499 |
15 Jul 1526 |
26 |
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15 Jul 1526 |
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15 |
John de Vere |
by 1490 |
21 Mar 1540 |
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KG 1527 |
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21 Mar 1540 |
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16 |
John de Vere |
c 1512 |
3 Aug 1562 |
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Lord Lieutenant Essex 1558 |
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3 Aug 1562 |
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17 |
Edward de Vere |
12 Apr 1550 |
24 Jun 1604 |
54 |
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24 Jun 1604 |
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18 |
Henry de Vere |
24 Feb 1593 |
12 Jun 1625 |
32 |
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12 Jun 1625 |
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19 |
Robert de Vere |
by 1600 |
17 Aug 1632 |
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17 Aug 1632 |
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20 |
Aubrey de Vere |
28 Feb 1626 |
12 Mar 1703 |
77 |
to |
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Lord Lieutenant Essex 1660-1687 and 1688- |
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12 Mar 1703 |
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1703. KG 1660 PC 1681 |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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23 May 1711 |
E |
1 |
Robert Harley |
5 Dec 1661 |
21 May 1724 |
62 |
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Created Baron Harley of Wigmore |
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and Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer |
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23 May 1711 |
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These
creations contained a special remainder |
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failing heirs male of his body to those of his |
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grandfather, Sir Robert Harley |
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MP for Tregony 1689-1690 and Radnor |
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1690-1711. Speaker of the House of |
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Commons 1701-1705. Secretary of State |
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1704-1708. Chancellor of the Exchequer |
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1710-1711.
Prime Minister 1711-1714. |
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PC 1704 KG 1712 |
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21 May 1724 |
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2 |
Edward Harley |
2 Jun 1689 |
16 Jun 1741 |
52 |
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MP for Radnor
1711-1715 and |
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Cambridgeshire 1722-1724 |
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16 Jun 1741 |
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3 |
Edward Harley |
c 1699 |
11 Apr 1755 |
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MP for Herefordshire 1727-1741 |
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11 Apr 1755 |
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4 |
Edward Harley |
2 Sep 1726 |
11 Oct 1790 |
64 |
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MP for Herefordshire 1747-1755. Lord |
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Lieutenant Radnorshire 1766-1790 |
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11 Oct 1790 |
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5 |
Edward Harley |
20 Feb 1773 |
28 Dec 1848 |
75 |
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28 Dec 1848 |
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6 |
Alfred Harley |
10 Jan 1809 |
19 Jan 1853 |
44 |
to |
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Peerage extinct on his death |
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19 Jan 1853 |
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OXFORD AND ASQUITH |
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9 Feb 1925 |
E |
1 |
Herbert Henry Asquith |
12 Sep 1852 |
15 Feb 1928 |
75 |
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Created Viscount Asquith and Earl of |
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Oxford and Asquith 9 Feb 1925 |
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MP for Fife East 1886-1918 and Paisley |
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1920-1924. Home Secretary 1892-1895 |
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Chancellor of the Exchequer 1905-1908 |
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Prime Minister 1908-1916.
PC 1892 PC [I] 1916 |
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KG 1925 |
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15 Feb 1928 |
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2 |
Julian Edward George Asquith |
22 Apr 1916 |
16 Jan 2011 |
94 |
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Governor of the Seychelles 1962-1967 |
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16 Jan 2011 |
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3 |
Raymond Benedict Bartholomew Michael Asquith |
24 Aug 1952 |
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[Elected hereditary peer 2014-] |
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OXFUIRD |
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For information on two legends associated with |
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this family,see the note at the foot of this page |
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19 Apr 1651 |
V[S] |
1 |
Sir James Makgill,1st baronet |
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5 May 1663 |
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Created Lord Makgill of Cousland and |
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Viscount of Oxfuird 19 Apr 1651 |
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5 May 1663 |
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2 |
Robert Makgill |
20 May 1651 |
8 Dec 1706 |
55 |
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On his death the peerage became dormant. |
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The descent of the peerage was as follows:- |
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[8 Dec 1706] |
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3 |
[David Makgill] |
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Sep 1717 |
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[Sep 1717] |
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4 |
[James Makgill] |
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26 Sep 1747 |
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[26 Sep 1747] |
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5 |
[John Makgill] |
13 Jun 1676 |
19 Apr 1762 |
85 |
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[19 Apr 1762] |
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6 |
[Arthur Makgill] |
18 May 1709 |
Dec 1777 |
68 |
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[Dec 1777] |
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7 |
[George Makgill] |
6 Sep 1723 |
26 Aug 1797 |
73 |
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[26 Aug 1797] |
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8 |
[John Makgill] |
16 Nov 1790 |
3 May 1817 |
26 |
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[3 May 1817] |
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9 |
[George Makgill] |
23 Dec 1812 |
21 Sep 1878 |
65 |
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[21 Sep 1878] |
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10 |
[John Makgill] |
6 Feb 1836 |
14 Nov 1906 |
70 |
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[14 Nov 1906] |
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11 |
[George Makgill] |
24 Dec 1868 |
17 Oct 1926 |
57 |
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He established his claim to the Makgill baronetcy |
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in May 1907 |
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[17 Oct 1926] |
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12 |
John Donald Alexander Arthur Makgill |
31 Dec 1899 |
24 Jan 1986 |
86 |
1977 |
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He established his claim to the peerage |
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in 1977 |
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For further information see the note at the |
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foot of this page |
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24 Jan 1986 |
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13 |
George Hubbard Makgill
[Elected hereditary peer |
7 Jan 1934 |
3 Jan 2003 |
68 |
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1999-2003] |
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3 Jan 2003 |
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14 |
Ian Alexander Arthur Makgill |
14 Oct 1969 |
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OXMANTOWN |
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2 Jul 1681 |
B[I] |
1 |
Sir Richard Parsons |
c 1657 |
30 Jan 1703 |
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Created Baron Oxmantown and Viscount |
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Rosse 2 Jul 1681 |
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See "Rosse" |
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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25 Sep 1792 |
B[I] |
1 |
Lawrence Harman Parsons |
26 Jul 1749 |
20 Apr 1807 |
57 |
6 Oct 1795 |
V[I] |
1 |
Created Baron Oxmantown 25 Sep 1792, |
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to |
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Viscount Oxmantown 6 Oct 1795 and |
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20 Apr 1807 |
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Earl of Rosse 3 Feb 1806 |
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The creations of 1792 and 1806 both contained a |
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special remainder,failing heirs male of his body,to |
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his nephew Sir Lawrence Parsons,5th baronet |
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See "Rosse" - Viscounty extinct 1807 |
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Lettice Digby, Baroness Offaly in her own right |
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The Baroness Offaly's story is very similar to
that of Lady Arundell of Wardour (qv). Both ladies |
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are famous for defending their homes during the
English Civil War, one in England and the other |
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in Ireland. The following is extracted from
"Chapters from Family Chests" by Edward Walford |
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[2
vols, Hurst & Blackett, London 1886]. From the way in which the author
speaks of the |
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Baroness, he obviously believed her to be an
absolute paragon of virtue. |
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'The
Lady Lettice Digby is a heroine whose name right well deserves to be held in
remembrance |
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along
with those of Brilliana Harley, of Blanche Lady Arundell (qv) and of the Lady
of Lathom, |
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whose defenses of Wardour Castle and Lathom House
I have told in previous papers. Her |
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defense of Geashill Castle, in King's County,
Ireland was one of the most spirited episodes in the |
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history of the Irish Rebellion in 1641. She was
by birth Lettice Fitzgerald, being the only child of |
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Gerald, Lord Offaley, whose great-grandfather,
Gerald, ninth Earl of Kildare, was an ancestor of |
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the ducal house of Leinster. Her mother, the Lady
Katherine Knollys, a cousin of Queen Elizabeth, |
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was left a widow almost at birth, in 1580. |
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'The
earldom, of course, descended in the male line, but the barony of Offaley, as
a barony in |
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fee,
was one which it was thought could pass to females, and was therefore claimed
for the |
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youthful
heiress while still a child. But the claim, though brought before the judges,
was kept so |
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long
in dispute that King James I undertook to adjudicate it in person, and in the
end he did so, |
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being
probably moved by gifts and presents, which in his day often helped to
promote or to |
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defeat
justice. His Majesty in the end adjudged the ancient barony to the earl, but
created |
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Lettice
Knollys Baroness Offaley for life. The King's grant, which is dated in 1619
[sic - 1620], |
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and
was made under the Great Seal of England, invested her with the lands of
Killeagh and the |
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territory and demesne of Geashill, which she
brought by marriage into the Digby family. |
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'When the Irish rebellion of 1641 broke out, as
mentioned above, the Lady Offaley was some sixty |
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years
of age, and had been a widow for a quarter of a century. 'With the rebels she
could make |
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no common cause, and with the defection of the
Lords of the Pale she could have no sympathy;' |
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she therefore proposed to resist every challenge
and every overture on the part of |
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the insurgents, whose action she regarded as foul
disloyalty. Her ladyship was residing at Geashill |
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with
her sons and some of her grandchildren, when the forces of the enemy appeared
before the |
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walls
of her castle, in spite of the natural defences of the bogs by which the
place was |
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surrounded. Henry Demsey, a brother of Lord
Clanmalier, and her own kinsman, along with others |
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of
the leaders of the rebels, sent her a summons which purported to be in the
King's name, |
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ordering her to at once surrender her fortress,
and at the same time threatening, in case of non- |
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compliance,
to burn it and the town which lay clustered at the foot of its walls, but
promising her |
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and her people a safe convoy in case she should
yield. |
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'This
missive was addressed to 'the honorable and thrice virtuous lady, the Lady
Digby. But, |
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aware of the men with whom she had to deal, Lady
Digby was not to be dismayed by threats or |
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duped by promises. Castle after castle had
yielded, some gained over by threats, some by siege, |
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and some by storm, and their helpless inmates had
been butchered or driven forth homeless and |
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shelterless.
The Lady Lettice had too much spirit to yield herself to such a fate without
a |
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struggle, or without fighting a blow in
self-defense. She alike questioned the authority of her |
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enemies and distrusted their promises of mercy. |
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'I
am,' she replied, 'as I have ever been, a loyal subject of my king. I thank
you for your offer of |
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a
convoy which, however, I hold as of little safety. Being free from offending
His Majesty, or |
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doing wrong to any of you, leaving the issue to
God.' Such was this noble lady's dauntless |
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answer to a summons sent fraudulently in the
king's name, requiring her to give up her castle to |
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her own and the king's enemies. |
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'Being
surrounded by extensive bogs, Geashill Castle was by no means easy of
approach, as |
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already mentioned; but in proportion to its
strength was its possession of importance to the |
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rebels. 'Gesshall, in the King's County, is very
necessaire to be had; it is a matter of consequence |
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to her Majesties service in that county' were the
words of Sir Henry Sidney, when he paid a visit |
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to Ireland in the previous reign of Elizabeth.
Sixty years later it was [an] equally valuable prize, |
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and the rebels determined to secure it if they
could, at all cost. |
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'Negotiations
with its high-spirited owner being
useless, they proceeded to make an assault on |
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the castle; but they experienced such a warm
reception on a near approach, that they were |
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glad to retreat. 'One of the Lady Offaley's sons,
having fallen into the hands of the rebels, was |
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brought
under the castle walls in chains, and a threat was held out that, unless she
made at |
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once an unconditional surrender they would strike
his head off before her eyes. Nothing daunted, |
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she replied that she had a Roman Catholic priest
as a prisoner within her walls, that she would |
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bring
him out onto the ramparts, and that his life should be immediately forfeited
if the rebels |
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touched a hair of her son's head. As the rebels
were Catholics, reverence for their priest induced |
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them to withdraw as the price of his safety. |
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'The siege was, however, renewed after a brief
interval, and prisoners were taken on either side. |
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On one occasion a messenger, sent by Lady Offaley
with a letter to the rebels, was detained by |
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I am innocent,' she wrote, 'of doing you any
injury, unless you count it injury for my people to |
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bring back a small quantity of my own woods when
they find them, and with them some men who |
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have done me all the ill they can devise.' |
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'The
siege was suspended for a time, but not abandoned, an interval of two months
being spent |
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in making preparations for a renewed assault. A
hundred and forty fragments of old iron were |
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collected from every quarter, and brought
together, and an Irish rebel undertook the work of |
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fixing
them, and molding them into one huge cannon. Three times were they recast
before the |
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the work was completed, but the lady of Geashill
showed no signs of alarm. At length the engine |
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was brought across the bogs to the front of the
castle. Hoping to intimidate its gallant defender, |
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Lord Clanmalier himself wrote to her announcing
the arrival of this formidable piece of ordnance, |
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telling her that he would never leave the spot to
which he had advanced, until he had gained |
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possession
of the castle. Her answer was characteristic of womanly bravery: 'I am still
of the |
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same
mind, my lord, and I can think no place safer that my own house; God will, I
trust, take a |
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poor
widow into His protection, and defend her from all those who without cause
have risen up |
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against her.' |
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'Her
confidence was not vain. Clanmalier ordered the cannon to be placed in the
most |
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commanding position, but it burst on its first
discharge, injuring several of the rebel forces. The |
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rest, in bitter disappointment, took up their
guns, and kept up a continuous fire of musketry |
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until
the evening, but without inflicting any real damage. Lady Offaley herself
watched the |
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attempted assault from the window. As soon as
night set in, the insurgents made off carrying |
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with them their unlucky cannon. |
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'But
the respite which they allowed the lady was a brief one. Next morning Lady
Offaley received |
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the following letter from her rebel cousin, Lord
Clanmalier: |
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"Madame
- I received your letter, and am still tender to your good and welfare,
though you give |
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no credit thereunto. And, whereas you do not
understand by relation that my piece of ordnance |
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did
not prosper, I believe you will be sensible of the hazard and loss you are
like to sustain |
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thereby, unless you be better advised to accept
of the kind offer which I mentioned to you in |
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my last letter unto you…..If not, expect no
further favor at my hands......And so I rest, your |
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ladyship's loving cousin, &c." |
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'The fawning hypocrisy of her foe was well met by
the keen and caustic reply of Lady Offaley: |
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"My
Lord - Your second summons I have received, and shall be glad to find you
tender of my |
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good.
For your piece of ordnance I never disputed how it prospered, presuming you
would rather |
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make
use of it for your own defense or against your enemies that against a poor
widow of your |
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own blood, which, if shed, shall be required at
the hands of those that seek to spill it. For my |
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part, my conscience tells me that I am innocent,
and I wish you so too - I rest, your cousin, &c." |
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'In
this letter true womanly feeling and thorough heroism are apparent in closest
alliance. Lady |
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Lettice was not ashamed of pleading her womanhood
and her widowhood. Her mind was free from |
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arrogance and pride; she uttered no hard words;
she was cautious as well as courageous. When |
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her
danger became more imminent, and her resources grew feebler, she felt that
help from |
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outside
was not to be rejected. At the end of April, 1642, she succeeded in informing
Sir Charles |
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Coote
who was then at Naas, in the county of Kildare, of the straits to which she
was reduced. |
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He applied at once to the Earl of Ormond, who was
at Dublin, for instructions, and the matter |
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was laid before the council at Dublin Castle. It
was determined that no time should be lost in |
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sending assistance to Geashill. Accordingly,
Philip Sydney, Lord de Lisle, son of the Lord- |
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Lieutenant of Ireland, was sent to King's County,
with a regiment of carabineers and a company |
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dragoons, which he had brought with him from
England. He was placed in the high command in |
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spite of his youth; but 'he would have belied the
high name which he bore, had he not been |
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forward
to render assistance where such claims of chivalry and humanity were put
forth as at |
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Geashill.' |
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'Accompanied
by Sir George Wentworth, Sir Charles Coote, and Lord Digby, the Lady
Lettice's |
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eldest son, he set off at once, and at the head
of three hundred horse, and half that number of |
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foot-soldiers. But their active aid was scarcely
needed, for, though they were slightly harassed |
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by some rebel skirmishers as they crossed the
bog, yet on reaching Geashill it was found that |
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the rebels had gone off into the woods and the
mountains. It appeared that Lady Offaley, weary |
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of
waiting for help, or, at all events, unaware that it was close at hand, had
despatched |
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messages to some of her relatives among the
FitzGeralds, asking for the loan of about fifty foot- |
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soldiers to protect her against the 'mixed
multitude' of insurgents. This latter, however, fell into |
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the hands of her foes, who were on the point of
returning to renew the siege, when the sudden |
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arrival of the royal troops scattered them one
and all to the winds. |
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'Although repeatedly urged by her friends to
retire to some place of peace and safety, this heroic |
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lady preferred to remain within her own castle
walls, which were now well-provided from Dublin |
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Dublin
with arms and ammunition. Having spent some months in peace and quiet, and
having seen |
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the last of the rebels in her own neighbourhood,
Lady Lettice was at last persuaded to quit the |
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fortress which she had so gallantly defended, and
to settle down in England for the remainder of |
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her
days. She therefore retired to her husband's estate at Coleshill, in
Warwickshire, where she |
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died
December 1, 1658, and she lies buried by his side in the parish church of
that pleasant |
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country town.' |
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John Oldcastell, Lord Oldcastell |
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Lord Oldcastell was executed in December 1417,
having been found guilty of heresy. He was a |
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member of the Lollard religious movement founded
by John Wycliffe. The Lollards' major aim was |
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the reform of Western Christianity, with the
result that they were opposed by the established |
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Church. |
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Oldcastell
is sometimes referred to as Lord Cobham (including within the article below),
since |
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he was married to Joan, Baroness Cobham in her
own right. |
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Shakespeare's character Sir John Falstaff, who
appears in "Henry IV, parts 1 and 2," and "The |
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Merry Wives of Windsor" is reputed to be
based on Oldcastell, although the historical Oldcastell |
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bears no resemblance to the vain and boastful
Falstaff. |
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The following is taken from "A new
abridgment and critical review of the state trials and |
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impeachments for high treason" by Thomas
Salmon [London 1738]:- |
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'Sir John Oldcastle had been presented by the
Clergy of the Province of Canterbury, assembled in |
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Convocation, as the great Supporter and
Encourager of several Heretics, particularly with main- |
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taining, 1. That in the Sacrament of the Altar,
the Elements, after Consideration by a Priest, still |
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remained
Bread and Wine: 2. That Confession to a Priest was not necessary: 3. That
Images, or |
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the
Cross, ought not to be worshipped: 4. That the Pope, with the Bishops and
Friars, |
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constituted a complete Antichrist: and, 5. That
it was not necessary to go on Pilgrimages. |
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'This
Nobleman had been cited by the Archbishop to appear, and answer to the
Articles: and for |
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his
Contumacy, in not appearing, stood excommunicated. However, depending on the
King's |
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Favour and Protection, he did not abscond, but
remained still about the Court; till at length the |
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Bishops and Clergy obtained an Order from the
King to apprehend Sir John, and carry him to the |
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Tower. |
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'On
the 23d of September, Sir John was brought by the Lieutenant of the Tower,
before the |
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Archbishop and his Associates, at the Chapter
House of St. Pauls, when the Court let the |
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Prisoner
know, that, notwithstanding he stood excommunicated, he might be absolved
and |
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admitted
to a Trial, on making his Submission. But Sir John boldly avowed all the
Doctrines he |
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was accused of maintaining; and applying himself
to the People, declined, that those who sat in |
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Judgment on him would seduce them, and lead them
all to Hell. |
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The Court was so incensed at this Insult, that
Sentence was pronounced against Sir John as an |
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obstinate Heretick and Apostate; and he was
delivered over to the secular Arm to be burnt; and |
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a Writ issued accordingly for his Execution. |
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'The Prisoner afterwards escaping out of the
Tower, his Enemies suggested that he was not only |
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an
Heretick, but a Rebel and Traitor to the Government, and had appointed the
Lollards to |
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assemble in St. Giles's Fields on a certain
Night, in order for an Insurrection, which the poor |
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Protestants, or Wickliffites, had given some
Colour to, by assembling for their Devotions in the |
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Night-Time in St. Giles's Woods. The King being
persuaded to come thither in person with a Body |
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of his Troops, on a Night when it was known they
would assemble there, apprehended about four |
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score of the Lollards in Arms; among whom was Sir
Roger Acton, a Knight of some Reputation; |
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which confirmed the King in the Belief that an
Insurrection was intended; and Sir Roger, with |
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several more of the Prisoners, were tried,
condemned and executed. Though it did not appear |
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that
Sir John Oldcastle was at the Meeting in St. Giles's Fields, he was outlawed
for High |
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Treason, as a Promoter of that Rebellion, as it
was called, and taking Refuge in the Mountains of |
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Wales, he defended himself against all the Force
and Stratagems of his Persecutors, for three |
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Years, and upwards; and might have remained there
much longer, possibly, if he had not given |
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the Clergy fresh Provocation, by defacing the
Pictures and Images of the Saints wherever he |
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came; Of which Complaint being made in a
Parliament held by the Duke of Bedford, Regent of the |
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Kingdom
during the King's Absence in France, anno 1417, fresh Forces were sent down
against |
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Sir John, and a Reward offered to any Person that
should take him. Whereupon the Lord Powis |
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surrounded the Lord Cobham and his Friends; and
after a desperate Engagement, in which many |
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were killed on both Sides, the Lord Cobham was
made Prisoner. This Service was then thought |
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of such Importance, that the Lord Powis received
the Thanks of the Parliament for it; and Sir |
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John, according to our Historians, being brought
before the House of Lords, was ordered to be |
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executed both as a Traitor, and an Heretick. In
pursuance whereof it is said he was hanged by |
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the Middle in an Iron Chain, and burnt as an
Heretick under a new Gallows erected at St. Giles's |
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for that Purpose; and while his Enemies cursed
and reviled him, and ordered the People not to |
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pity, or pray for him, he gloried in his
Sufferings, and was not all dismayed at the complicated |
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Execution.' |
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John O'Neill, 1st Viscount O'Neill |
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When the Irish insurrection of 1798 broke out on
23 May of that year, O'Neill, who was Governor |
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of the county of Antrim, called a meeting of the
Antrim magistrates. O'Neill arrived in Antrim on |
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the 7th of June to find himself trapped between
two opposing forces. Various accounts describe |
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what
happened next - in one account, he fired his pistols at the advancing rebels,
but was |
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stabbed
in the side by a pike which pierced his stomach. Other versions of the story
state that |
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the
man who thrust the pike into him was O'Neill's own lodge-keeper or
park-keeper who had |
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failed to recognize his master. After lingering for 11 days, O'Neill died
at the house of his |
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neighbour, the Earl of Massereene, on 18 June 1798. |
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Geoffrey Henry Browne, 3rd Baron Oranmore and
Browne and 1st Baron Mereworth |
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Lord Oranmore and Browne died from injuries
received when the car in which he was travelling |
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collided with a bus on the road between Tonbridge
and Tunbridge Wells. His wife was killed in |
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the accident. The inquest was reported in
"The Irish Times" of 4 July 1927:- |
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'Mr.
H.A. Vere, Coroner, on Saturday last held an inquest at Mereworth Castle,
near Maidstone, |
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on
the body of Lord Oranmore and Browne, who died on Thursday last from the
effects of |
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injuries received in a motor accident on June
7th, when Lady Oranmore and Browne was killed. |
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The
jury returned a verdict of accidental death. |
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'The Coroner said that Lord Oranmore and Browne
bore a very distinguished name, and his death |
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left a blank that could not readily be filled. |
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'The Hon. Dominick Geoffrey Browne, son and heir
of the late peer, identified the remains, and |
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said that his father was 66 years of age. |
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'In describing the accident, the late Lord
Oranmore's chauffeur (Harry Vine) said that it occurred |
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in a thick mist, and he added:- "I saw the
'bus in the narrow lane, and I immediately started to |
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pull up. I put on the hand-brake. The car went on
some yards. After I had touched the foot- |
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brake the wheels seemed to lock. I skidded
violently into the middle of the road. I thought the car |
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was going over, but I got it back to the near
side. Immediately I got straight I changed into low |
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gear. To my horror, when I got straight, I sa the
'bus still coming at me. I took what I thought to |
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be the lesser risk, and turned to my right to get
out of the way, as there was no chance of the |
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'bus stopping or getting through. The 'bus came
on and hit me on the near mudguards." |
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'A juryman asked if the chauffeur had had an
opportunity at the inquest on Lady Oranmore of |
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putting questions to the driver of the omnibus?
Vine - No, I did not have an opportunity. The |
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Coroner - The 'bus driver said he was absolutely
at a standstill. Vine - He was not. The Coroner - |
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There seems to be a direct conflict of evidence
about this. The first jury seemed to think that |
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you were wrong and that the other driver was right. |
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'Dr. Landale Clark, Lord Oranmore's medical
attendant, said that Lord Oranmore received a very |
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severe blow on the front part of the body. There
was a time when he seemed to be recovering, |
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but he failed, and the cause of death was the
crushing of the internal organs and internal |
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haemorrhage.' |
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Robert Horace Walpole, 5th and last Earl of
Orford (creation of 1806) |
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According to Lord Orford's obituary in 'The
Times' of 28 September 1931, he had led a very |
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adventurous life and had seen a large part of the
world. The obituary states that, after leaving |
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Eton, he joined the Royal Navy and was
shipwrecked on St. Paul's Island, where he survived for |
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three months on a diet of seaweed and birds'
eggs. He was in Fiji at the time of its annexation, |
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and was present during the Russo-Turkish War of
1877. It is with his experience on St. Paul's |
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Island that this note is concerned. The following
article appeared in the February 1965 issue of |
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the Australian monthly magazine
"Parade." Although it does not mention Orford, he was one of |
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the sailors present. |
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'On
June 9, 1871, Chief Carpenter Henry Boryer, of the Royal Navy supply ship
Megaera, |
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requested permission to inform Captain Thrupp
that the bottom was likely to fall out at any |
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moment. The captain had expected trouble ever
since leaving England, but the old Megaera |
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had reached the middle of the Indian Ocean
safely, and he had hoped she would hang together |
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as far as Melbourne. Once there Captain Thrupp
would gladly have said farewell to his worst |
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command in 25 years of naval service. |
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'Descending to the hold with the carpenter and
Lieutenant Jones, Thrupp examined the position. |
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He already knew that some girders were so
corroded that they would hardly hold a bolt, and that |
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many
plates had been eroded until paper-thin. Now he was dismayed to find water
pouring in |
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from
an inaccessible leak under the coal bunkers. With the lives of 420 [other
sources put the |
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number
at about 290] men at stake he was in a terrible dilemma. They were midway
between |
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Cape
Town and West Australia, and even with the best of luck it was most unlikely
that the |
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Megaera would last the distance. If he increased
speed the pounding of the worn-out engines |
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might tear to pieces. |
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'Ordering the pumps into action, Captain Thrupp
altered course for the uninhabited island of St. |
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Paul, an extinct volcano which thrust its rugged
head out of the Indian Ocean north of Kerguelen |
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Island. For eight tense days the ship churned
slowly on, every available man helping to battle the |
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steadily rising water. But steam pumps, hand
pumps and bucket brigades failed to check the flow. |
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The officers knew the corroded plates might give
way and the ship sink under them like a stone |
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at any moment. To add to their peril, a high sea
was running, and the ship was slowly sinking by |
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the head. Every time the screw lifted clear of
the water the shuddering engines threatened to |
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rip away from their bedplates. The most Thrupp
could do was set enough sail to keep the vessel |
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steady. |
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'On
June 17 the 1000-foot peak of St. Paul loomed through the haze. Still hoping
to save the |
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ship,
Thrupp ran her into a bay formed by the breaking down of the old crater rim
of the volcano. |
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A
heavy surf was running. After losing all his anchors, he drove the Megaera
hard and fast on a |
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sandbar some distance from the beach. Next day
the weather moderated enough for a diver to |
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descend. His report was so gloomy that Thrupp
abandoned ship. The Megaera's company toiled |
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to bring everything ashore that could be moved,
manhandling bags of coal out of the bunkers, |
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heaving cases of stores out of the holds. When
one exhausted seaman refused to work Thrupp's |
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temper exploded. The solitary mutineer landed on
St. Paul with his back raw from 40 lashes. |
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'Hitherto inhabited only by rats and noisy
colonies of seabirds, the beach soon presented almost |
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a civilised appearance. Tents were run up out of
sailcloth and huts built with stones and sods. |
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Fishing parties were organised, a flagpole
erected on the peak and beacon fires lit. The only |
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drinkable water was in a natural reservoir high
up the side of the hill. So the men rigged an |
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ingenious 800ft. pipeline to bring it down to
their camp. A few days later a cyclone hit the island. |
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From
the little settlement the 420 Crusoes watched the Megaera remorselessly
pounded to |
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pieces until little was left but the bones of her
hull. The inglorious career of the Royal Navy's |
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most notorious coffin ship was over at last. |
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'An iron steamer of 2000 tons, she had long been
regarded as the worst ship in the navy. She |
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was launched in 1849 as a sloop-of-war, but was
soon found so useless for combat that her |
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guns were stripped off. She was relegated to
transporting stores and personnel, gradually |
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declining in status until she was at the bottom
of the fourth reserve, the most ignominious |
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position in the list. Because she was in and out
of their hands almost continually, dockyard |
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officials hated the sight of her. There had been
many recommendations for scrapping the vessel, |
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but the Admiralty had fallen into a state of
inertia, and no one would take the responsibility of |
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sending a steam vessel to the junk yards. In 1864
£30,000 was spent on reconditioning, but |
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within a few years she was as unseaworthy as ever. |
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'As
in most early iron vessels, the designer had not left enough clearance at the
bottom. A |
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thorough inspection would have meant removing the
engines, water tanks and bunkers. Instead, |
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dockyard foremen deputed the examining job to
undersized boys called "ferrets," who crawled |
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through the 18-inch space and reported when they
reached the other end. On the opinion of |
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these
urchins the ship was certified sound or otherwise. |
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'In 1871 the Megaera was ordered to carry relief
crews out to the frigates Blanche and Rosario, |
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serving on the Australian station. Her captain,
Arthur Thrupp, hotly protested that she was unfit |
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for
so long a voyage. He was supported by the Port Admiral at the Medway, who
said nothing |
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would persuade him to travel in such a coffin
ship. Thrupp's objections were ignored. Woolwich |
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docks hurriedly passed the Megaera on to
Sheerness, where she was patched up a bit more. At |
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last, loaded with stores and seamen, the
ill-fated vessel sailed late in February 1871. Thrupp |
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was soon forced to put into Cork [Queenstown]
harbour with his command leaking like a sieve. |
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Her main deck was awash, and the officers' cabins
were ankle-deep in water. Again Thrupp |
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lodged a protest, in which his officers joined.
As a result the Megaera was ordered into the |
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nearest dockyard for still another examination.
Some leaking portholes were tightened and 127 |
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tons of badly stowed cargo removed. After that
the ship was optimistically pronounced fit to |
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last another couple of years. Thrupp could do no
more. Fortunately removal of some cargo |
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made the ship easier to handle, and the weather
was fine all the way to the Cape of Good Hope. |
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'After that began the trouble that eventually led
to the cold and inhospitable shore of St. Paul. |
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There was no reason why any ship should call at
the island. For all Thrupp knew, he and his men |
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might be there for years. It was not an inviting
place on which to be marooned. A howling |
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westerly
blew continually. Nothing grew except a little coarse grass. Apart from fish
the island |
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had no natural
resources. |
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'Assuming a long stay, Thrupp cut rations to a
minimum. It was well he did, for the naval |
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castaways spent 80 days there. By then the stores
had almost run out, and the company was |
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depending on boiled grass and dandelions to
preserve them from the scurvy which was just |
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beginning to make its dread appearance. |
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'In mid-August, Captain Visser, of the Dutch ship
Aurora, bound from Amsterdam to Batavia, |
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noticed an odd-looking tree on the summit of the
peak of St. Paul. Standing in for a closer view |
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he found that the tree was a tall spar and its
foliage a ragged British ensign, flying upside down. |
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In a few hours he established contact with the
castaways. Having landed what little flour he |
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could
spare, he took Lieutenant Jones on to Java. Barely had the Aurora dropped out
of sight |
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than a German collier appeared. Her skipper
offered to dump his cargo overboard and take all of |
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the Megaera's men to Melbourne - provided the
captain guaranteed him £100 per head passage |
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money. Not wishing to involve the Admiralty in a
bill for £40,000, Thrupp rejected the suggestion. |
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'Arrived
at Sourabaya, Lieutenant Jones telegraphed the Admiralty and the
commodore |
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commanding on the China Station. The steamer
Malacca was immediately dispatched from Hong |
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Kong. Although there was now very little left of
the Megaera, her malign influence persisted. |
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Caught by a northwester, the Malacca was nearly
wrecked while trying to take the castaways |
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off. |
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'Captain Thrupp and some of his officers returned
to England for the necessary court martial. The |
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rest
of the Megaera's men arrived at Melbourne on September 27. The court martial,
in the |
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battleship Duke of Wellington, completely
exonerated Captain Thrupp. But his evidence and that |
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of his officers was so startling that a royal
commission was appointed to inquire into the history |
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of the ship. Reputations went overboard and jobs
became vacant as a result of the commission. |
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'William
Ladd, master shipwright at Woolwich, and Alfred Trickett, chief engineer, had
a |
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particularly bad time. It was proved that many of
the Megaera's plates were eroded to a thick- |
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ness
of barely 3/16 of an inch. Nevertheless, Ladd and Trickett had signed a
certificate of |
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seaworthiness, because, they naively declared,
"it was the usual thing." The men from Sheerness |
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and Queentown dockyards came out of the inquiry
no better. In fact, Lord Lawrence, chairman |
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of
the commission, impatiently remarked that nobody seemed to know anything
about the |
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wretched
ship's real condition. Nor could he discover anyone whose business it was to
find out - |
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unless it was the 12-year-old ferrets who were
deputed to crawl round the bottom of the ship. |
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'Admiralty memories proved equally unreliable.
Admiral [Sir Robert] Robinson, Controller of the |
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Navy, failed to recall Captain Thrupp's heated
protests at having to sail in an unsafe ship. Mr. |
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Vernon Lushington, Secretary to the Admiralty,
admitted blandly that he knew nothing about iron |
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ships, except that officers perpetually
complained they were rusty. The commission's findings |
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|
were such a blistering indictment of naval
methods that the name of Megaera became an evil |
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memory in every dockyard in the United Kingdom.' |
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Mary O'Brien, Countess of Orkney in her own right |
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Mary was deaf and dumb, and when she married her
cousin, Murrough O'Brien (later 5th Earl of |
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Inchiquin and 1st Marquess of Thomond), her
responses in the wedding ceremony were |
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performed in sign language. |
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The following anecdote concerning the Countess is
included in Sir Bernard Burke's 'The Romance |
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of the Aristocracy' (3 vols, London, 1855). |
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'…..Shortly
after the birth of her first child, the nurse, with considerable
astonishment, saw the |
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mother cautiously approach the cradle in which
the infant was sleeping, evidently full of some |
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deep design. The Countess, having perfectly
assured herself that the child really slept, took out |
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a large stone, which she had concealed under her
shawl, and to the horror of the nurse……… |
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seized
it with an intent to fling it down vehemently. Before the nurse could
interpose, the |
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Countess had flung the stone - not, however, at
the child, but on the floor, where, of course, |
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it made a great noise. The child immediately
awoke and cried. The Countess, who had looked |
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|
with maternal eagerness to the result of her
experiment, fell on her knees in a transport of joy. |
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She had discovered that her child possessed the
senses that were wanting in herself.' |
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Lady Eleanor Butler, daughter of the 9th Earl of
Ormonde (1739-1829) |
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and Sarah Ponsonby (1755-1831) |
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Two ladies who became famous under the name of
'The Ladies of Llangollen' and who have |
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since become iconic figures in the lesbian
community. |
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The Butler and Ponsonby families lived very close
to each other in Ireland. They met for the |
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first time in 1768 and soon became friends. Lady
Eleanor's mother despaired of Eleanor ever |
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marrying and, worried that they might be forced
into unwanted marriages, the two ladies |
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ran away together in April 1778. They set up
house together near the village of Llangollen, |
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a small town in Denbighshire, in north east
Wales. The house they lived in for the rest of their |
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lives was named Plas Newydd (Welsh for 'new
place' or 'new hall'). |
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The ladies lived in complete seclusion with a
gardener, a footman, two maids, Flirt the dog |
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and
Mrs Tatters the cat. Neither spent a single night away from their house, or
from each |
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other, until Lady Eleanor died over 50 years later. |
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They devoted their time to private studies in
literature and the arts, and to improving their |
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garden, which became in time a showpiece. The
house attracted all manner of visitors, |
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mainly from writers, and included Wordsworth,
Southey, de Quincey, Shelley, Byron and Scott, |
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as well as famous figures such as the Duke of
Wellington. Queen Charlotte, wife of King George |
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III, asked for the plans of their garden and
persuaded her husband to grant them a pension. |
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The house is now a museum run by the local county
council. For a photo of the house and |
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further information regarding these remarkable
ladies, see the following link:- |
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http://www.f-n-f.net/Ladies-of-Llangollen.htm |
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For a full length book on the Ladies, I recommend
"The Ladies of Llangollen: A Study in Romantic |
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Friendship" by Elizabeth Mavor (Penguin
Books, London, 1973) |
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The special remainder to the Barony of Ormonde
created in 1821 |
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From the "London Gazette" of 14 July
1821 (issue 17724, page 1461):- |
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"The King has....been pleased to direct
letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, |
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granting the dignity of a Baron of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to James Earl |
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of
Ormonde and Ossory, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the
name, style, |
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and title of Baron Ormonde, of Llanthony, in the
county of Monmouth; with remainder, in default |
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of such issue male, to his brother the Honourable
Charles Haward Butler Clarke, and the heirs |
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male of his body lawfully begotten." |
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The special remainder to the Barony of Oxenfoord
created in 1841 |
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From the "London Gazette" of 13 August
1841 (issue 20007, page 2072):- |
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"The Queen has....been pleased to direct
letters patent to be passed under the....Great Seal, |
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granting the dignity of a Baron of the said
United Kingdom to General John Earl of Stair, of that |
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part of the said United Kingdom called Scotland,
and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, |
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by the name, style, and title of Baron 0xenfoord,
of Causland, in the county of Edinburgh; with |
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remainder in default of such issue rnale, to
North Dalrymple, of Fordel and Cleland, Esq. (brother |
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of the said John Earl of Stair), and the heirs
male of his body lawfully begotten." |
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The attempt by the Duke of Atholl to claim the
Earldom of Oxford in 1912 |
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In 1912 the Committee for Privileges heard the
claim of the Duke of Atholl to be entitled to the |
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Earldom of Oxford. |
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The 9th Earl was attainted and his peerage
forfeited in 1388, but the peerage was restored to |
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his uncle four years later. The question was
whether this was indeed a restoration of the original |
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earldom, or whether the earldom was a fresh
creation. |
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The Committee's hearings were reported in
"The Scotsman" of 3 December 1912:- |
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'Among
the numerous peerage claims which are pending in the House of Lords, not the
least |
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interesting is that of the Duke of Atholl, who
seeks to establish his right to the Earldom of Oxford. |
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His petition came before the Committee of
Privileges of the House of Lords which met to-day. |
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The Committee consisted of the Earl of
Donoughmore, who presided, Lords Halsbury, Ashbourne, |
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Mersey, Shaw, Sheffield, Sanderson, and Desart. |
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'The last peerage claim of the De Veres was heard
in the reign of Charles I......The De Veres, who |
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gave warriors, courtiers, and crusaders to
England, died out towards the end of the seventeenth |
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century in the person of Aubrey de Vere, the
twentieth Earl of Oxford. For a long time the Earl- |
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dom
has been extinct, but the present claimant says that it ought to have passed
to the |
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daughters of the fourteenth earl of the creation
of 1142, and remained in abeyance among their |
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descendants. The Duke of Atholl claims to be the
lineal descendant and senior co-heir of John |
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Neville, a son of Lady Latimer. |
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'Sir
R. Finlay, K.C., in his argument for the Duke of Atholl, said on the
attainder [in 1388] there |
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was a forfeiture of the dignities of the Earldom,
and although the attainder was afterwards |
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revoked in the 21st year of the reign of King
Richard II, it remained unversed until then, and the |
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result was that for four years [1388-1392] there
was no Earl of Oxford. Then took place the |
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proceedings, the effect of which was to recreate
the Earldom of Oxford with limitations. The |
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present case, said Sir R. Finlay, was whether the
document to which he would now call attention |
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created a new Earl of Oxford with new
limitations, or whether it could be regarded as having |
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revived the old Earldom of Oxford, which had
become forfeited on the attainder of Robert, the |
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ninth Earl. The question was whether until the
attainder was got rid of the old Earldom remained |
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in
abeyance, or was put an end to until the Earldom was revived. If his
interpretation was |
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correct, what was done in 1392 was the creation
of a new Earldom of Oxford, and the old Earl- |
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dom remained in suspense till 1397, when the
attainder of Richard II, 1388, was put an end to |
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and annulled, and the old Earldom of 1142 was
revived, and given to Aubrey, uncle and heir to |
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Robert, the ninth Earl of Oxford of the 1142
creation. In the old Earldom there was a limitation |
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to heirs of the body, but in the new Earldom of
1392 the limitation was to heirs male for ever. |
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There
was a second question which had to be decided, viz., whether the doctrine of
the |
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abeyance of a Peerage applied in the case of an
Earldom as in that of a Baron. If what Parliament |
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intended
was that the old dignity should exist in the person of Aubrey de Vere, they
would have |
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proceeded in a very different way. They might
have reversed the attainder to Robert, in which |
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case the title would have gone to his uncle, or
they might have enacted that the old Earldom |
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should rest in Aubrey de Vere: but none of these
things were done. |
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'The Earl of Sheffield - Was there any evidence
after the Act of Richard II that the Earl of Oxford |
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was placed in the old precedence of Henry II? |
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'Sir R. Finlay - There was no evidence they could
find. |
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'Mr Geoffrey Ellis followed on the same side on
the question of the two creations. |
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'The Attorney-General said the important question
to be considered at this stage of the proceed- |
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ings was - Did the Act of Parliament and the
charter, or either of them, create an Earldom, as |
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alleged by the petitioner, or did both or either
continue and restore an Earldom of Oxford in new |
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limitations? That was a question dependent upon
the interpretation which their Lordships thought |
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right to give to those two documents. It was a
very significant fact that in neither of those two |
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documents
did they find the essential word "create," a well-known word,
frequently used, |
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especially in patents, both before and after the
year 1392. He submitted that the non-use of |
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the
word "create" was fatal to the petitioner's case. Adopting the
phraseology used by Lord |
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Shaw, was the mind of the King set upon the
creation of something new, or upon the contin- |
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uation and restoration of something old with new
limitations. A reference to contemporary |
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documents showed that it had at that time become
a fashion to limit dignities in the way this |
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statute did to heirs-male for ever, instead of as
hitherto to heirs-general. Looking at the Act |
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of Parliament passed in 1392, there was reference
to the ancestors of Aubrey de Vere, who had |
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been
Earls of Oxford from ancient times, and the King had by special grace
"restored and |
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continued" the dignity, so that the state
and name of Earl of Oxford should not utterly cease. |
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These words, "restored and continued,"
should be read along with the subsequent words, "given |
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and granted." The object of continuing and
restoring was to put Aubrey de Vere in the same |
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position as if he had succeeded in the ordinary
course. There was a new limitation to heirs-male |
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for
ever, words which were introduced, not necessarily as a condition of the
restoration, but a |
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something by which the name and title were
restored. It was a very remarkable fact that in the |
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Earldoms of Suffolk, Huntingdon, Rutland, and
Wilts, the words "praeficimus et creamus," were |
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employed and not in the restored and continued
Earldom of Oxford. The Attorney-General went |
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on to quote cases, such as that of the Earl of
Arundel, where new limitations were made to an |
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old dignity.' |
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After the hearing had been adjourned until the
next day, "The Scotsman" on 4 December 1912 |
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reported that:- |
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'The Committee for Privileges of the House of
Lords resumed yesterday consideration of the |
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petition of the Duke of Atholl, who claimed to be
co-heir to the Earldom of Oxford. The Attorney- |
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General....submitted that there was no new
creation of Peerage, but merely the restoration of |
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the old creation. He said that John, 4th Earl of
Oxford of the 1392 creation, obtained in the |
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Parliament of 3 and 4 Edward IV, a final reversal
of the proceedings of the Henry IV, and thus |
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the attainder of his ancestor, Robert, ninth
Earl, having been removed, he became the thirteenth |
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Earl of the old creation. He was attainted in 14
Edward IV, and all his honours forfeited. In the |
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Henry VII he was appointed Admiral of England.
All his honours were restored, and he acted as |
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Lord
Great Chamberlain of Henry VII in which office he was again confirmed in the
Henry VIII. |
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Counsel went on to quote petitions to Parliament
in which his uncle and heir was referred to as |
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having his name, estate, and dignity of Earl of
Oxford restored to him. All this, he contended, |
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showed that the view taken at that time by
Parliament was that there had been full restitution |
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of his estate and dignity, and it was quite
inconsistent with the contention of his learned friend |
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(Sir Robert Finlay) that there was a new creation. |
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After further argument, one of the members of the
Committee, Lord Halsbury, said: This case has |
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occupied
a wide field of inquiry, and it has been extremely interesting. But as a
matter of fact, |
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for reasons which those who have heard the
argument will appreciate, it is dependent entirely on |
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one simple fact, and that is evidenced by the
original document to which reference is made. That |
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question is whether the Peerage which is now in
dispute was the restored original Peerage or an |
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original Peerage newly created. On that subject
it will be unnecessary for me to go through what |
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I
think we are all agreed upon, but we take the view of the Attorney-General on
that subject, |
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that it was a restored Peerage........... |
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Each of the other members of the Committee in
turn agreed that the events of 1392 constituted |
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a restoration of the Earldom, and as a result,
the Duke of Atholl's claim was disallowed. |
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Sir John Donald Alexander Arthur Makgill, 12th
baronet and later 12th Viscount Oxfuird |
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Sir
John's successful claim to the Viscountcy of Oxfuird was heard by the House
of Lords |
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Committee for Privileges in 1977. The following
newspaper reports are relevant to the claim. |
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The London "Daily Telegraph" of 14 April 1977:- |
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'After
groping for days through a jungle of birth, marriage and death certificates
and bumping |
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into sharp differences between ancient English
and Scottish law, the Law Lords are trying to |
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judge the validity of a claim by a Scottish
baronet to a seat in the House of Lords empty for |
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more than 250 years. |
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'The Lord's Committee, chaired by Lord
Wilberforce, was told by the baronet, Sir John Donald |
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Alexander Arthur Makgill, that he had a
legitimate line of descent from the first Viscount of |
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Oxfuird and Lord Makgill of Cousland and thus
claimed the Scottish title, with its appropriate |
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honours and dignities. |
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'When the peerage was created, in 1651, Charles
II had not been proclaimed King of England. |
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He
had been declared King of Scotland after his father's execution in 1649 but
although he |
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considered himself King, it was not until 1660
that he was restored as monarch of Great Britain |
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and Ireland. |
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'The Crown, though not opposed to the claim, was
represented at the hearing to observe and |
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help in unravelling legal records. |
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According to the original letters patent under
the Great Seal of 1651, the first Viscount had the |
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right to name an heir to the title. In fact he
had a son, Robert, who inherited it. Whether Robert |
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also inherited the right to name his heir has
since been argued. He had only daughters and named |
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one of them, Christian, as his heir. |
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'During evidence a Scottish laird, not connected
with Sir John, was referred to. He had disinher- |
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ited his son who had murdered the boot boy and
was discovered roasting him on a spit to eat him |
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[this is presumably James Douglas, 3rd Marquess
of Queensberry]. No such skeletons were found |
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in
the Makgill cupboard, but when Christian and her son Robert attempted to
claim the title in |
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1733 they were not allowed to vote at the
election of Scottish peers. |
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'The first Viscount had died in 1663. Robert died
in 1705, and thus, in the precise wording of the |
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lawyers, "the heirs male of the body of
James, 1st Viscount of Oxfuird, became extinct." |
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'After Christian's unsuccessful attempt to claim
the title in 1733, another member of the Makgill |
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family,
Sir James Makgill of Rankeillor, tried two years later at the House of Lords
to claim the |
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title.
He actually voted in the House before his claim was rejected. It is that Sir
James from |
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whom
Sir John Makgill, the present claimant, is descended; and it is that
decision, made nearly |
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250
years ago, which he is now contesting. Sir John is now 77 and the oldest
surviving member |
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of his family.' |
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The London "Daily Telegraph" of 18 June 1977:- |
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'A 77-year-old Scottish baronet's claim to a
peerage which has been dormant for 270 years is |
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after
many years of discussion and debate, on the brink of success. After wading
through a sea |
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of evidence the House of Lords Committee for
Privileges, headed by Lord Wilberforce, has ruled |
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unanimously that the claim by Sir John Donald
Alexander Arthur Makgill to the Viscountcy of |
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Oxfuird should be upheld. |
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'But, before Sir John can take his seat in the
House of Lords as the rightful Viscount Oxfuird the |
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committee's ruling has to be ratified first by
his fellow peers, and finally by the Queen. |
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'Sir
John's claim to the "appropriate honours and dignities" of the
title were based on the fact |
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that the first Viscount, created by Charles II in
1651 in Scotland, had the right to name an heir. |
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The
first viscount had a son, Robert, who inherited the title, and argument since
has been |
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whether it can be assumed that he, too, had the
right to name his heir. He died in 1705 without |
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male
issue, having named a daughter, Christian, as heir. But when Christian and
her son |
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attempted to vote at the election of Scottish
peers in 1733 they were overruled. |
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'There was one other attempt two years later by
another member of the Makgill family, Sir James |
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Makgill of Rankeillor to assume the title. He
even voted at the House of Lords before his claim |
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was
rejected. It was that Sir James from whom the present claimant is
descended. |
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"British justice has triumphed in the
end," said Sir John at his home in Ayrshire last night.' |
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The London "Daily Telegraph" of 28 June 1977:- |
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'The House of Lords yesterday accepted the
recommendation of its committee of privileges to |
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revive the old Scottish Viscountcy of Oxfuird and
to recognise the claim of Sir John Makgill, |
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the 12th baronet, to succeed the second viscount
who died 272 years ago. |
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'While supporting a motion by Lord Wilberforce, a
Lord of Appeal, that they should do so, Lord |
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Molson (C) argued that no similar petition should
ever again be entertained by the House of |
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Lords. New Scottish peerages were ended by the
Act of Union in 1707 but the Scottish success- |
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ion
laws maintained a phantom existence and came back to life like a ghost from
the tomb, he |
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said. |
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'Sir
John was the collateral heir who later became the first Viscount Oxfuird.
Their common |
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ancestor was the first Viscount's great
grandfather. A previous claim to the viscountcy in 1735 |
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was
held to be not proved. He [Lord Molson] suggested that the Lords should
appoint a |
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committee to consider whether the whole or part
of the archaic peerage law of Scotland should |
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be repealed. |
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'Lord Keith of Kinkel, a Lord of Appeal, argued
in a maiden speech that the Scottish succession |
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law was not arcane. It was entirely clear to
those instructed in the law of Scotland about |
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hereditable property, a body of law which could
not be repealed without upsetting the whole |
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basis of Scottish peerage law. |
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'Lord
Fraser of Tullybelton, a Lord of Appeal, said that a law which raised an
awkward decision |
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only
once in 25 years as this one had done, and that of the Earldom of Dundee 25
years ago, |
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was not doing too badly. There was no question of
repealing the law and to change it in a |
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retrospective way seemed a dangerous procedure.
The Earl of Dundee said the whole subject |
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'The
Earl of Dundee said the whole subject rested on the execution of justice.
Where in the |
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course
of history the succession had unjustly and wrongly been interfered with it
might take a |
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very
long time to put it right. In the case of his own peerage it took 200 years
before justice |
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was done. The Lords must not countenance
injustice. |
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'Viscount Dilhorne said further consideration
should be given to whether there should be future |
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claims of this character. For 272 years nobody
had proved his title to this peerage. One might |
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have concluded that it had become extinct or
dormant. In winning his claim to the succession |
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this claimant might lead to a number of other
claims, Scottish and English. A previous Lords |
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Privileges Committee decided in 1926 that claims
to English baronies would not be entertained |
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where these had been in abeyance for more than
100 years. It was therefore anomalous that |
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this viscountcy should be revived. |
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'Lord McCluskey, Solicitor General for Scotland,
said the proposal looked like a sledgehammer to |
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crack
a nut. But Ministers would study ways to reduce the waste of time and expense
involved |
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in considering such matters.' |
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Two legends associated with the Viscountcy of
Oxfuird |
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The seat of the Makgill family was at Kemback,
near Cupar in Fifeshire. Two interesting legends |
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of Kemback are worth recording. |
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At the gate to the estate there is reputed to be
a lime tree which behaved in the same manner |
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as Aaron's Rod in the Bible (in Numbers, chapter
17). The first Makgill of Kemback, when courting |
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the woman who later became his wife, who lived at
Brackmont, pulled a branch from a lime tree |
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at Brackmont, which he used to control the speed
of his horse, presumably in the same manner |
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as a riding crop. When he returned home to
Kemback he stuck the stick in the ground at the |
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entrance to his estate, where it budded and grew
into a large tree which is still known as the |
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Staff. |
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Another
legend has it that a number of subterranean passages run underneath the River
Eden |
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from Kemback to Dairsie Castle. At some point
hundreds of years ago, some repairs were being |
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made
to the Kemback entrance to these passages, but no one was sure which passage
was the |
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correct
one to follow. Just then, a wandering piper appeared on the scene and was
induced to |
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enter
the passages and play his pipes, so that the direction of the passage might
be ascertained |
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from
the sound of the pipes. Those listening heard the piper playing below ground
until he |
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reached the river's edge, but then the sounds
ceased. Those above ground waited for an entire |
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month for the piper to reappear, keeping watch at
both entrances. But when there was no sign |
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of the piper at the end of that period, and no
one being willing to explore the passages in an |
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attempt to find him, both passage entrances were
bricked up. |
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Copyright © 2020 Maltagenealogy.com |
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